Investigating earth's atmospheric electricity: A role model for planetary studies

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 137, Issue 1-4, 2008, Pages 11-27

  Aplin, K L ^a   Harrison, R G ^b   Rycroft, M J ^c,d  

^a RUTHERFORD APPLETON LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^c INTERNATIONAL SPACE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^d CAESAR Consultancy   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atmospheric electricity; Comparative planetology; History of science; Lightning; Planetary atmospheres

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; ATMOSPHERICS; CIRCUIT THEORY; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; ELECTRIC DISCHARGES; EXTRATERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERES; SURFACE DISCHARGES;

20TH CENTURY; COMPARATIVE PLANETOLOGY; ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES; ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES; GLOBAL CIRCUIT; GLOBAL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT; HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS; HISTORY OF SCIENCE; LIGHTNING; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; POTENTIAL GRADIENTS; RADIO SCIENCE; ROLE MODELING; SCHUMANN RESONANCES; SINGLE MEASUREMENT; UPPER LAYERS;

NETWORKS (CIRCUITS);

EID: 49749084341     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: 15729672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-008-9372-x     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. C. Andre, Comptes Rendus 117, 729-732 (1893)
2. K.L. Aplin, PhD thesis, The University of Reading, UK, 2000
3. K.L. Aplin, Surv. Geophys. 27, 63-108 (2006). doi: 10.1007/s10712-005- 0642-9
4. K.L. Aplin, R.A. McPheat, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 67(8-9), 775-783 (2005). doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.007
5. G. Beccaria, Della Elettricite Terrestre Atmosferica a Cielo Serno (Turin, 1775)
6. C. Béghin, F. Simões, V. Karnoselskhikh et al., Icarus 191(1), 251 (2007). doi: /10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.005
7. J.J. Berthelier, R. Grard, H. Laakso et al., Planet. Space Sci. 48(12-14), 1193-1200 (2000)
8. A.J. Bennett, R.G. Harrison, Weather 62, 10 (2007). doi: 10.1002/wea.97
9. B.P. Besser, Radio Sci. 42, RS2S02 (2007). doi: 10.1029/2006RS003495
10. C.E.P. Brooks, Geophys. Memo. 3(24), 147-164 (1925)
11. M.I. Budyko, Results of observations of atmospheric electricity (The World Network, Additional Issue, 1965-1969). (USSR Chief Administration of the Hydro-Meteorological Service, Leningrad, 1971)
12. J. Canton, Philos. Trans. 48, 780-785 (1753)
13. K.S. Carslaw, R.G. Harrison, J. Kirkby, Science 298, 1732 (2002)
14. S. Chapman, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 218, 1 (1919)
15. B. Chauveau, Electricité Atmosphèrique, vol. 3 (Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, 1925)
16. C.A. Coulomb, in Collection de Mémoires Relatifs à la Physique, Tome I (Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1784), pp. 113-114. Available online at http://cnum.cnam.fr/fSYN/8CA121-1.html
17. H. Ebert, Phys. Z. 2, 662-664 (1901)
18. J.E. Elster, H. Geitel, Phys. Z 2, 116 (1900)
19. J.D. Everett, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 347-361 (1868)
20. E. Everling, A. Wigand, Ann. Phys. 66(20), 261-282 (1921)
21. I. Falconer, Metrologia 41, S107-S114 (2004)
22. W.S. Franklin, Science 15(368), 112-113 (1902)
23. H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, M. Sato et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2973 (1997)
24. M. Füllekrug, E.A. Mareev, M.J. Rycroft (eds.), Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges (Springer, Dordrecht, 2006)
25. P. Galison, Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1997)
26. H. Gerdien, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gött. 1903, 383-399 (1903)
27. H. Gerdien, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gött. 1904, 277-299 (1904)
28. H. Gerdien, Phys. Z. 6, 800-801 (1905a)
29. H. Gerdien, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gött. 1905, 258-270 (1905b)
30. H. Gerdien, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gött. 1905, 447-458 (1905c)
31. O.H. Gish, K.L. Sherman, in Nat. Geogr. Soc. Techn. Papers. Stratosphere Series, vol. 2, Washington, DC (1936)
32. A. Gockel, Phys. Z. 4, 871 (1903)
33. R.G. Harrison, Space Sci. Rev. 94, 381-396 (2000)
34. R.G. Harrison, Weather 58, 11-19 (2003)
35. R.G. Harrison, Surv. Geophys. 25, 441 (2004)
36. R.G. Harrison, K.L. Aplin, Atmos. Env. 36(25), 4037-4043 (2002)
37. R.G. Harrison, K.L. Aplin, Atmos. Env. 37(38), 5319-5324 (2003). doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.042
38. R.G. Harrison, A.J. Bennett, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 69, 515-527 (2007a). doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.09.008
39. R.G. Harrison, A.J. Bennett, Adv. Geosci. 13, 17-23 (2007b)
40. R.G. Harrison, K.S. Carslaw, Rev. Geophys. 41 (2003). doi: 10.1029/2002RG000114
41. R.G. Harrison, W.J. Ingram, Atmos. Res. 76(1-4), 49-64 (2005). doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.022
42. R.G. Harrison, F. Märcz, Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L23816 (2007). doi: 10.1029/2007GL031714
43. R.G. Harrison, K.P. Shine, in: Hadley Centre Technical Note 6 (Met Office, Exeter, 1999)
44. O. Heaviside, in: Encyc. Brit. 10th, vol. 9 (London, 1902), pp. 213-218
45. V.F. Hess, Phys. Z. 13, 1084 (1912)
46. M. Hesse, in A Companion to the Philosophy of Science, ed. by W.H. Newton-Smith (Blackwell, Oxford, 2000), pp. 299-307
47. I.M. Imyanitov, E.V. Chubarina, Electricity of the Free Atmosphere (Israel program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967)
48. G.H. Jones, N. Krupp, H. Krüger et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L21202 (2006). doi: 10.1029/2006GL028146
49. A.K. Kamra, M. Ravichandran, J. Geophys. Res. 98(D12), 22,875-22,885 (1993)
50. A.E. Kennelly, Electr. World Eng. 32, 473 (1902)
51. B. Lovell, Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond. 51(1), 151-153 (1997)
52. W. Lowrie, in Fundamentals of Geophysics, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007), pp. 274-276
53. F. Märcz, J. Geophys. Res. 81(25), 4566 (1976)
54. R. Markson, Nature 273, 103 (1978)
55. R. Markson, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 88, 1 (2007)
56. A. McAdie, Science 61(1586), 540 (1925)
57. A. Mika, C. Haldoupis, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue)
58. E. Mishin, G. Milikh, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue). doi: 10.1027/s11214-008-9346-z
59. R.P. Mülheisen, Pure Appl. Geophys. 84, 112-115 (1971)
60. R.P. Mülheisen, in Electrical Processes in Atmospheres, ed. by H. Dolezalek, R. Reiter (Steinkopf, Darmstadt, 1977), pp. 467-476
61. N. Olsen, A. Kuvshinov, Earth Planets Space 56, 525 (2004)
62. N.R. Owen, K.L. Aplin, P.A. Stevens, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (2008 in press). Available online at http://epubs.cclrc.ac.uk/index
63. V.P. Pasko, M.A. Stanley, J.D. Mathews, U.S. Inan, T.G. Woods, Nature 416, 152 (2002)
64. J. Read, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 81, 185-212 (1791)
65. R.G. Roble, I. Tzur, in The Earth's Electrical Environment, ed. by E.P. Krider, R.G. Roble (National Academy Press, Washington, 1986), pp. 206-231
66. M.J. Rycroft, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 68, 445 (2006)
67. M.J. Rycroft, M. Füllekrug, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 66, 1103 (2004)
68. M.J. Rycroft, S. Israelsson, C. Price, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 62, 1563-1576 (2000). doi: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00112-7
69. M.J. Rycroft, A. Odzimek, N.F. Arnold et al., J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.09.004
70. M.J. Rycroft et al., Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue). doi: 10.1007/s11214-008-9368-6
71. C.P.R. Saunders, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue). doi: 10.1007/s11214-008-9345-0
72. W.B. Schiffer, in Draw the Lightning Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2003), pp. 1-11
73. R.W. Schunk, A.F. Nagy, Ionospheres-Physics, Plasma Physics and Chemistry (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)
74. F. Simoes, R. Grard, M. Hamelin et al., Planet. Space Sci. 55, 1978-1989 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.016
75. F. Simoes et al., Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue)
76. G.C. Simpson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 205, 61-97 (1906a)
77. G.C. Simpson, Mon. Wea. Rev. 34(1), 16-17 (1906b)
78. G.C. Simpson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 209, 379-413 (1909)
79. G.C. Simpson, Geogr. J. 97(6), 383-385 (1941). doi: 10.2307/1788175
80. H.T. Su, R.R. Hsu, A.B. Chen et al., Nature 423, 974 (2003)
81. W. Thomson, Report of 29th Meeting, British Association for the Advancement of Science, Aberdeen, 1859
82. B.A. Tinsley, Space Sci. Rev. 94(1-2), 231-258 (2000)
83. B.A. Tinsley, R.A. Heelis, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 10375-10384 (1993)
84. B.A. Tinsley, R.P. Rohrbaugh, M. Hei, Atmos. Res. 59-60, 115-135 (2001)
85. S.N. Tripathi, PhD thesis, The University of Reading, UK, 2000
86. S.N. Tripathi, R.G. Harrison, Atmos. Res. 62, 57-70 (2002)
87. S.N. Tripathi, S. Vishnoi, S. Kumar et al., Q. J. R. Met. Soc. 132, 1717 (2006)
88. J. Tuma, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 227-260 (1899)
89. L. Wahlin, J. Geophys. Res. 99(D5), 10,767 (1994)
90. F.J.W. Whipple, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 55, 351 (1929)
91. F.J.W. Whipple, F.J. Scrase, Meteorol. Off. Geophys. Mem. 68 (1936)
92. A. Wigand, Terr. Mag. Atm. Elect. 19, 93-101 (1914)
93. A. Wigand, Ann. Phys. 60(18), 81-109 (1921)
94. E.R. Williams, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, ed. by J.R. Holton, J.A. Pyle, J.A. Curry (Academic, New York, 2002), pp. 724-733
95. E.R. Williams, In Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Atm. Elect., Beijing, China, 13-17 August 2007
96. E.R. Williams, S.J. Heckman, J. Geophys. Res. D 98(3), 5221 (1993)
97. C.T.R. Wilson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 189, 265-307 (1897)
98. C.T.R. Wilson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 189, 403-453 (1899)
99. C.T.R. Wilson, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 13, 364 (1906)
100. C.T.R. Wilson, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 80(542), 537-547 (1908)
101. C.T.R. Wilson, Notebook entitled "Thunderstorms; Condensation" ref CW/A/9 (1909)
102. C.T.R. Wilson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 221, 73 (1921)
103. C.T.R. Wilson, Notebook entitled "Atmospheric electricity" ref CW/B/7 (1926)
104. C.T.R. Wilson, J. Franklin Inst. 208(1), 1-12 (1929)
105. Y. Yair, Space Sci. Rev. (2008, this issue). doi: 10.1007/s11214-008- 9348-x
106. F. Yu, R.P. Turco, J. Geophys. Res. 106(D5), 4797-4814 (2001). doi: 10.1029/2000JD900539
107. B. Zolss, Phys. Z. 5, 106 (1904)