메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1634-1640

Effects of chronic electrical stimulation on paralyzed expiratory muscles

Author keywords

Rehabilitation; Respiratory muscles; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

AIRWAY PRESSURE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BREATHING MUSCLE; CAT; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE EXCITATION; MUSCLE MASS; NONHUMAN; PARALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL CORD STIMULATION; SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE; ANIMAL; COUGHING; DIAPHRAGM PARALYSIS; DISEASE MODEL; ELECTROSTIMULATION THERAPY; EXHALATION; LAMINECTOMY; MUSCLE CELL; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESSURE; TIME; VERTEBRA;

EID: 49649110409     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01321.2007     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0031873336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle atrophy is prevented in patients with acute spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation
    • Baldi JC, Jackson RD, Moraille R, Mysiw WJ. Muscle atrophy is prevented in patients with acute spinal cord injury using functional electrical stimulation. Spinal Cord 36: 463-469, 1998.
    • (1998) Spinal Cord , vol.36 , pp. 463-469
    • Baldi, J.C.1    Jackson, R.D.2    Moraille, R.3    Mysiw, W.J.4
  • 3
    • 33751233799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury
    • discussion 869-870
    • Brown R, DiMarco AF, Hoit JD, Garshick E. Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury. Respir Care 51: 853-868; discussion 869-870, 2006.
    • (2006) Respir Care , vol.51 , pp. 853-868
    • Brown, R.1    DiMarco, A.F.2    Hoit, J.D.3    Garshick, E.4
  • 4
    • 0023595308 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory aspects of spinal cord injury management
    • Carter RE. Respiratory aspects of spinal cord injury management. Paraplegia 25: 262-266, 1987.
    • (1987) Paraplegia , vol.25 , pp. 262-266
    • Carter, R.E.1
  • 5
    • 0032905510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histochemical changes in muscle of individuals with spinal cord injury following functional electrical stimulated exercise training
    • Chilibeck PD, Jeon J, Weiss C, Bell G, Burnham R. Histochemical changes in muscle of individuals with spinal cord injury following functional electrical stimulated exercise training. Spinal Cord 37: 264-268, 1999.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 264-268
    • Chilibeck, P.D.1    Jeon, J.2    Weiss, C.3    Bell, G.4    Burnham, R.5
  • 7
    • 0024581705 scopus 로고
    • Abdominal muscle use during breathing in unanesthetized dogs
    • De Troyer A, Gilmartin JJ, Ninane V. Abdominal muscle use during breathing in unanesthetized dogs. J Appl Physiol 66: 20-27, 1989.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol , vol.66 , pp. 20-27
    • De Troyer, A.1    Gilmartin, J.J.2    Ninane, V.3
  • 8
    • 33745169649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord stimulation: A new method to produce an effective cough in patients with spinal cord injury
    • DiMarco AF, Kowalski KE, Geertman RT, Hromyak DR. Spinal cord stimulation: a new method to produce an effective cough in patients with spinal cord injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173: 1386-1389, 2006.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.173 , pp. 1386-1389
    • DiMarco, A.F.1    Kowalski, K.E.2    Geertman, R.T.3    Hromyak, D.R.4
  • 9
    • 0036085091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of expiratory muscle activation during lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation
    • DiMarco AF, Kowalski KE, Supinski G, Romaniuk JR. Mechanism of expiratory muscle activation during lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation. J Appl Physiol 92: 2341-2346, 2002.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol , vol.92 , pp. 2341-2346
    • DiMarco, A.F.1    Kowalski, K.E.2    Supinski, G.3    Romaniuk, J.R.4
  • 11
    • 0032872159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical contribution of expiratory muscles to pressure generation during spinal cord stimulation
    • DiMarco AF, Romaniuk JR, Kowalski KE, Supinski G. Mechanical contribution of expiratory muscles to pressure generation during spinal cord stimulation. J Appl Physiol 87: 1433-1439, 1999.
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.87 , pp. 1433-1439
    • DiMarco, A.F.1    Romaniuk, J.R.2    Kowalski, K.E.3    Supinski, G.4
  • 12
    • 0033035431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of expiratory muscle activation during lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation
    • DiMarco AF, Romaniuk JR, Kowalski KE, Supinski G. Pattern of expiratory muscle activation during lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation. J Appl Physiol 86: 1881-1889, 1999.
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 1881-1889
    • DiMarco, A.F.1    Romaniuk, J.R.2    Kowalski, K.E.3    Supinski, G.4
  • 13
    • 0028997154 scopus 로고
    • Electrical activation of the expiratory muscles to restore cough
    • DiMarco AF, Romaniuk JR, Supinski GS. Electrical activation of the expiratory muscles to restore cough. Am J Respir Crit Med 151: 1466-1471, 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Med , vol.151 , pp. 1466-1471
    • DiMarco, A.F.1    Romaniuk, J.R.2    Supinski, G.S.3
  • 14
    • 0023161938 scopus 로고
    • Fibre sizes and histochemical staining characteristics in normal and chronically stimulated fast muscle of cat
    • Donselaar Y, Eerbeek O, Kernell D, Verhey BA. Fibre sizes and histochemical staining characteristics in normal and chronically stimulated fast muscle of cat. J Physiol 382: 237-254, 1987.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.382 , pp. 237-254
    • Donselaar, Y.1    Eerbeek, O.2    Kernell, D.3    Verhey, B.A.4
  • 15
    • 0024311309 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and preliminary observations of the influence of electromyostimulation on the size and function of human skeletal muscle during 30 days of simulated microgravity
    • Duvoisin MR, Convertino VA, Buchanan P, Gollnick PD, Dudley GA. Characteristics and preliminary observations of the influence of electromyostimulation on the size and function of human skeletal muscle during 30 days of simulated microgravity. Aviat Space Environ Med 60: 671-678, 1989.
    • (1989) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.60 , pp. 671-678
    • Duvoisin, M.R.1    Convertino, V.A.2    Buchanan, P.3    Gollnick, P.D.4    Dudley, G.A.5
  • 16
    • 0021287069 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fast and slow patterns of tonic long-term stimulation on contractile properties of fast muscle in the cat
    • Eerbeek O, Kernell D, Verhey BA. Effects of fast and slow patterns of tonic long-term stimulation on contractile properties of fast muscle in the cat. J Physiol 352: 73-90, 1984.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.352 , pp. 73-90
    • Eerbeek, O.1    Kernell, D.2    Verhey, B.A.3
  • 17
    • 0034121496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal muscle strength in patients with tetraplegia
    • Estenne M, Pinet C, De Troyer A. Abdominal muscle strength in patients with tetraplegia. Am J Respir Crit Med 161: 707-712, 2000.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Med , vol.161 , pp. 707-712
    • Estenne, M.1    Pinet, C.2    De Troyer, A.3
  • 20
    • 0023805436 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of disuse muscle atrophy by means of electrical stimulation: Maintenance of protein synthesis
    • Gibson JN, Smith K, Rennie MJ. Prevention of disuse muscle atrophy by means of electrical stimulation: maintenance of protein synthesis. Lancet 2: 767-770, 1988.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 767-770
    • Gibson, J.N.1    Smith, K.2    Rennie, M.J.3
  • 22
    • 0028054695 scopus 로고
    • Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury
    • Gordon T, Mao J. Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 74: 50-60, 1994.
    • (1994) Phys Ther , vol.74 , pp. 50-60
    • Gordon, T.1    Mao, J.2
  • 23
    • 0018653379 scopus 로고
    • Fibre types in human abdominal muscles
    • Haggmark T, Thorstensson A. Fibre types in human abdominal muscles. Acta Physiol Scand 107: 319-325, 1979.
    • (1979) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.107 , pp. 319-325
    • Haggmark, T.1    Thorstensson, A.2
  • 24
    • 0028331746 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of respiratory complications following spinal cord injury
    • Jackson AB, Groomes TE. Incidence of respiratory complications following spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75: 270-275, 1994.
    • (1994) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.75 , pp. 270-275
    • Jackson, A.B.1    Groomes, T.E.2
  • 25
    • 0027755237 scopus 로고
    • Cough in spinal cord injured patients: Comparison of three methods to produce cough
    • Jaeger RJ, Turba RM, Yarkony GM, Roth EJ. Cough in spinal cord injured patients: comparison of three methods to produce cough. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74: 1358-1361, 1993.
    • (1993) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.74 , pp. 1358-1361
    • Jaeger, R.J.1    Turba, R.M.2    Yarkony, G.M.3    Roth, E.J.4
  • 26
    • 0025184075 scopus 로고
    • Expression of a fast fiber enzyme profile in the cat soleus after spinalization
    • Jiang B, Roy RR, Edgerton VR. Expression of a fast fiber enzyme profile in the cat soleus after spinalization. Muscle Nerve 13: 1037-1049, 1990.
    • (1990) Muscle Nerve , vol.13 , pp. 1037-1049
    • Jiang, B.1    Roy, R.R.2    Edgerton, V.R.3
  • 27
    • 0023333915 scopus 로고
    • Reanalysis: Impulse activity and fiber type transformation
    • Kaplove KA. Reanalysis: impulse activity and fiber type transformation. Muscle Nerve 10: 375-376, 1987.
    • (1987) Muscle Nerve , vol.10 , pp. 375-376
    • Kaplove, K.A.1
  • 28
    • 0023200144 scopus 로고
    • Effects of physiological amounts of high- and low-rate chronic stimulation on fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. II. Endurance-related properties
    • Kernell D, Donselaar Y, Eerbeek O. Effects of physiological amounts of high- and low-rate chronic stimulation on fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. II. Endurance-related properties. J Neurophysiol 58: 614-627, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.58 , pp. 614-627
    • Kernell, D.1    Donselaar, Y.2    Eerbeek, O.3
  • 29
    • 0025891573 scopus 로고
    • Recovery after intense chronic stimulation: A physiological study of cat's fast muscle
    • Kernell D, Eerbeek O. Recovery after intense chronic stimulation: a physiological study of cat's fast muscle. J Appl Physiol 70: 1763-1769, 1991.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol , vol.70 , pp. 1763-1769
    • Kernell, D.1    Eerbeek, O.2
  • 31
    • 34147120792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in expiratory muscle function following spinal cord section
    • Kowalski KE, Romaniuk JR, DiMarco AF. Changes in expiratory muscle function following spinal cord section. J Appl Physiol 102: 1422-1428, 2007.
    • (2007) J Appl Physiol , vol.102 , pp. 1422-1428
    • Kowalski, K.E.1    Romaniuk, J.R.2    DiMarco, A.F.3
  • 33
    • 0006357165 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrical stimulation - a new hope for paraplegic patients
    • Kralj A, Grobelnik S. Functional electrical stimulation - a new hope for paraplegic patients. Bull Prosthet Res 75: 10-20, 1973.
    • (1973) Bull Prosthet Res , vol.75 , pp. 10-20
    • Kralj, A.1    Grobelnik, S.2
  • 34
    • 0026535737 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular electrical stimulation. An overview and its application in the treatment of sports injuries
    • Lake DA. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation. An overview and its application in the treatment of sports injuries. Sports Med 13: 320-336, 1992.
    • (1992) Sports Med , vol.13 , pp. 320-336
    • Lake, D.A.1
  • 36
    • 0026741851 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative morphology of stimulation-induced damage in rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscles
    • Lexell J, Jarvis J, Downham D, Salmons S. Quantitative morphology of stimulation-induced damage in rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscles. Cell Tissue Res 269: 195-204, 1992.
    • (1992) Cell Tissue Res , vol.269 , pp. 195-204
    • Lexell, J.1    Jarvis, J.2    Downham, D.3    Salmons, S.4
  • 37
    • 0022548278 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle adaptability. III. Muscle properties following chronic electrical stimulation
    • Lieber RL. Skeletal muscle adaptability. III. Muscle properties following chronic electrical stimulation. Dev Med Child Neurol 28: 662-670, 1986.
    • (1986) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 662-670
    • Lieber, R.L.1
  • 38
    • 0023881811 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of 10-Hz and 50 Hz-stimulation of the tibialis anterior on the ipsilateral, unstimulated soleus muscle
    • Lieber RL, Ferro TD, Hargens AR. Differential effects of 10-Hz and 50 Hz-stimulation of the tibialis anterior on the ipsilateral, unstimulated soleus muscle. Exp Neurol 100: 426-435, 1988.
    • (1988) Exp Neurol , vol.100 , pp. 426-435
    • Lieber, R.L.1    Ferro, T.D.2    Hargens, A.R.3
  • 39
    • 0022633726 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of spinal cord transection on fast and slow rat skeletal muscle. II. Morphometric properties
    • Lieber RL, Fridén JO, Hargens AR, Feringa ER. Long-term effects of spinal cord transection on fast and slow rat skeletal muscle. II. Morphometric properties. Exp Neurol 91: 435-448, 1986.
    • (1986) Exp Neurol , vol.91 , pp. 435-448
    • Lieber, R.L.1    Fridén, J.O.2    Hargens, A.R.3    Feringa, E.R.4
  • 40
    • 0031921837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic stimulation for restoring cough in patients with tetraplegia
    • Lin VW, Singh H, Chitkara RK, Perkash I. Functional magnetic stimulation for restoring cough in patients with tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79: 517-522, 1998.
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , pp. 517-522
    • Lin, V.W.1    Singh, H.2    Chitkara, R.K.3    Perkash, I.4
  • 41
    • 0016205927 scopus 로고
    • Contractile properties of muscle: Control by pattern of muscle activity in the rat
    • Lomo T, Westgaard RH, Dahl HA. Contractile properties of muscle: control by pattern of muscle activity in the rat. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 187: 99-103, 1974.
    • (1974) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.187 , pp. 99-103
    • Lomo, T.1    Westgaard, R.H.2    Dahl, H.A.3
  • 42
    • 0014135540 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of cough in normal subjects and in patients with obstructive respiratory disease
    • Loudon RG, Shaw GB. Mechanics of cough in normal subjects and in patients with obstructive respiratory disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 96: 666-677, 1967.
    • (1967) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.96 , pp. 666-677
    • Loudon, R.G.1    Shaw, G.B.2
  • 43
    • 0016294144 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of cough
    • Macklem PT. Physiology of cough. Ann Otol 83: 761-768, 1974.
    • (1974) Ann Otol , vol.83 , pp. 761-768
    • Macklem, P.T.1
  • 44
    • 0020632145 scopus 로고
    • Functional walking in paralyzed patients by means of electrical stimulation
    • Marsolais EB, Kobetic R. Functional walking in paralyzed patients by means of electrical stimulation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 175: 30-36, 1983.
    • (1983) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.175 , pp. 30-36
    • Marsolais, E.B.1    Kobetic, R.2
  • 45
    • 0026575960 scopus 로고
    • Influence of electrical stimulation on the morphological and metabolic properties of paralyzed muscle
    • Martin TP, Stein RB, Hoeppner PH, Reid DC. Influence of electrical stimulation on the morphological and metabolic properties of paralyzed muscle. J Appl Physiol 72: 1401-1406, 1992.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 1401-1406
    • Martin, T.P.1    Stein, R.B.2    Hoeppner, P.H.3    Reid, D.C.4
  • 46
    • 0021353717 scopus 로고
    • The effect of spinal cord transection on motor units in cat medial gastrocnemius muscles
    • Mayer RF, Burke RE, Toop J, Walmsley B, Hodgson JA. The effect of spinal cord transection on motor units in cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle Nerve 7: 23-31, 1984.
    • (1984) Muscle Nerve , vol.7 , pp. 23-31
    • Mayer, R.F.1    Burke, R.E.2    Toop, J.3    Walmsley, B.4    Hodgson, J.A.5
  • 47
    • 0018916817 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. Recognition, prevention, and treatment
    • McMichan JC, Michel L, Westbrook PR. Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. Recognition, prevention, and treatment. JAMA 243: 528-531, 1980.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.243 , pp. 528-531
    • McMichan, J.C.1    Michel, L.2    Westbrook, P.R.3
  • 48
    • 0034749504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of therapeutic electric stimulation on acute muscle atrophy in rats after spinal cord injury
    • Misawa A, Shimada Y, Matsunaga T, Sato K. The effects of therapeutic electric stimulation on acute muscle atrophy in rats after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82: 1596-1603, 2001.
    • (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , pp. 1596-1603
    • Misawa, A.1    Shimada, Y.2    Matsunaga, T.3    Sato, K.4
  • 49
    • 0024439670 scopus 로고
    • Histochemical characteristics of human expiratory and inspiratory intercostal muscles
    • Mizuno M, Secher NH. Histochemical characteristics of human expiratory and inspiratory intercostal muscles. J Appl Physiol 67: 592-598, 1989.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 592-598
    • Mizuno, M.1    Secher, N.H.2
  • 50
    • 0021961486 scopus 로고
    • The effects of electrical stimulation on the quadriceps during postoperative knee immobilization
    • Morrissey MC, Brewster CE, Shields CL Jr, Brown M. The effects of electrical stimulation on the quadriceps during postoperative knee immobilization. Am J Sports Med 13: 40-45, 1985.
    • (1985) Am J Sports Med , vol.13 , pp. 40-45
    • Morrissey, M.C.1    Brewster, C.E.2    Shields Jr, C.L.3    Brown, M.4
  • 51
    • 0023893578 scopus 로고
    • Changes in abdominal muscle length during breathing in supine dogs
    • Ninane V, Gilmartin JJ, De Troyer A. Changes in abdominal muscle length during breathing in supine dogs. Respir Physiol 73: 31-41, 1988.
    • (1988) Respir Physiol , vol.73 , pp. 31-41
    • Ninane, V.1    Gilmartin, J.J.2    De Troyer, A.3
  • 52
    • 0017256448 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in the force and fatigability of skeletal muscle in quadriplegic humans following exercise induced by chronic electrical stimulation
    • Peckham PH, Mortimer JT, Marsolais EB. Alteration in the force and fatigability of skeletal muscle in quadriplegic humans following exercise induced by chronic electrical stimulation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 114: 326-333, 1976.
    • (1976) Clin Orthop Relat Res , vol.114 , pp. 326-333
    • Peckham, P.H.1    Mortimer, J.T.2    Marsolais, E.B.3
  • 53
    • 0017065471 scopus 로고
    • Time dependent effects on contractile properties, fibre population, myosin light chains and enzymes of energy metabolism in intermittently and continuously stimulated fast twitch muscles of the rabbit
    • Pette D, Müller W, Leisner E, Vrbová G. Time dependent effects on contractile properties, fibre population, myosin light chains and enzymes of energy metabolism in intermittently and continuously stimulated fast twitch muscles of the rabbit. Pflügers Arch 364: 103-112, 1976.
    • (1976) Pflügers Arch , vol.364 , pp. 103-112
    • Pette, D.1    Müller, W.2    Leisner, E.3    Vrbová, G.4
  • 54
    • 0022137716 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers
    • Pette D, Vrbová G. Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers. Muscle Nerve 8: 676-889, 1985.
    • (1985) Muscle Nerve , vol.8 , pp. 676-889
    • Pette, D.1    Vrbová, G.2
  • 55
    • 0033034939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What does chronic electrical stimulation teach us about muscle plasticity?
    • Pette D, Vrbová G. What does chronic electrical stimulation teach us about muscle plasticity? Muscle Nerve 22: 666-677, 1999.
    • (1999) Muscle Nerve , vol.22 , pp. 666-677
    • Pette, D.1    Vrbová, G.2
  • 56
    • 0021214474 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrical exercise: A comprehensive approach for physical conditioning of the spinal cord injured individual
    • Phillips CA, Petrofsky JS, Hendershot DM, Stafford D. Functional electrical exercise: a comprehensive approach for physical conditioning of the spinal cord injured individual. Orthopaedics 7: 1112-1123, 1984.
    • (1984) Orthopaedics , vol.7 , pp. 1112-1123
    • Phillips, C.A.1    Petrofsky, J.S.2    Hendershot, D.M.3    Stafford, D.4
  • 57
    • 0030906765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation prevents immobilization atrophy in skeletal muscle of rabbits
    • Qin L, Appell HJ, Chan KM, Maffulli N. Electrical stimulation prevents immobilization atrophy in skeletal muscle of rabbits. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78: 512-517, 1997.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.78 , pp. 512-517
    • Qin, L.1    Appell, H.J.2    Chan, K.M.3    Maffulli, N.4
  • 58
    • 0029102963 scopus 로고
    • Influence of electrical stimulation of the tibialis muscle in paraplegic subjects. 2. Morphological and histochemical properties
    • Rochester L, Barron MJ, Chandler CS, Sutton RA, Miller S, Johnson MA. Influence of electrical stimulation of the tibialis muscle in paraplegic subjects. 2. Morphological and histochemical properties. Paraplegia 33: 514-522, 1995.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 514-522
    • Rochester, L.1    Barron, M.J.2    Chandler, C.S.3    Sutton, R.A.4    Miller, S.5    Johnson, M.A.6
  • 59
    • 0029143312 scopus 로고
    • Influence of electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle in paraplegic subjects. 1. Contractile properties
    • Rochester L, Chandler CS, Johnson MA, Sutton RA, Miller S. Influence of electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle in paraplegic subjects. 1. Contractile properties. Paraplegia 33: 437-449, 1995.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 437-449
    • Rochester, L.1    Chandler, C.S.2    Johnson, M.A.3    Sutton, R.A.4    Miller, S.5
  • 60
    • 0026061367 scopus 로고
    • The plasticity of skeletal muscle: Effects of neuromuscular activity
    • Roy RR, Baldwin KM, Edgerton VR. The plasticity of skeletal muscle: effects of neuromuscular activity. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 19: 269-312, 1991.
    • (1991) Exerc Sport Sci Rev , vol.19 , pp. 269-312
    • Roy, R.R.1    Baldwin, K.M.2    Edgerton, V.R.3
  • 61
    • 0021239199 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships of contraction time, Vmax, and myosin ATPase after spinal transection
    • Roy RR, Sacks RD, Baldwin KM, Short M, Edgerton VR. Interrelationships of contraction time, Vmax, and myosin ATPase after spinal transection. J Appl Physiol 56: 1594-1601, 1984.
    • (1984) J Appl Physiol , vol.56 , pp. 1594-1601
    • Roy, R.R.1    Sacks, R.D.2    Baldwin, K.M.3    Short, M.4    Edgerton, V.R.5
  • 62
    • 0032933404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response of fast hindlimb extensor and flexor muscles to exercise in adult spinalized cats
    • Roy RR, Talmadge RJ, Hodgson JA, Oishi Y, Baldwin KM, Edgerton VR. Differential response of fast hindlimb extensor and flexor muscles to exercise in adult spinalized cats. Muscle Nerve 22: 230-241, 1999.
    • (1999) Muscle Nerve , vol.22 , pp. 230-241
    • Roy, R.R.1    Talmadge, R.J.2    Hodgson, J.A.3    Oishi, Y.4    Baldwin, K.M.5    Edgerton, V.R.6
  • 63
    • 0019470215 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased use
    • Salmons S, Henriksson J. The adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased use. Muscle Nerve 4: 94-105, 1981.
    • (1981) Muscle Nerve , vol.4 , pp. 94-105
    • Salmons, S.1    Henriksson, J.2
  • 64
    • 33646189184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Musculoskeletal plasticity after acute spinal cord injury: Effects of long-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation training
    • Shields RK Dudley-Javoroski S. Musculoskeletal plasticity after acute spinal cord injury: effects of long-term neuromuscular electrical stimulation training. J Neurophysiol 95: 2380-2390, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.95 , pp. 2380-2390
    • Shields, R.K.1    Dudley-Javoroski, S.2
  • 66
    • 0024260836 scopus 로고
    • Control of contractile properties within adaptive ranges by patterns of impulse activity in the rat
    • Westgaard RH, Lomo T. Control of contractile properties within adaptive ranges by patterns of impulse activity in the rat. J Neurosci 8: 4415-4426, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 4415-4426
    • Westgaard, R.H.1    Lomo, T.2
  • 67
    • 0141457959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of spinal cord injury on the respiratory system
    • Winslow C, Rozovsky J. Effect of spinal cord injury on the respiratory system. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 82: 803-814, 2003.
    • (2003) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , pp. 803-814
    • Winslow, C.1    Rozovsky, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.