Implications of comorbidity on costs for patients with alzheimer disease

Medical Care

Volumn 46, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 839-846

  Kuo, Tzu Chun ^a   Zhao, Yang ^b   Weir, Sharada ^c,d   Kramer, Marilyn Schlein ^a   Ash, Arlene S ^a,c,d  

^a DxCG Inc   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; Comorbidity; Diagnostic cost group; Illness burden

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; DEMOGRAPHY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; OUTPATIENT CARE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCORING SYSTEM; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLASSIFICATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; COST; DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUP; ECONOMICS; HOSPITALIZATION; MEDICARE; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; COMORBIDITY; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICARE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; UNITED STATES;

EID: 49649089268     PISSN: 00257079     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318178940b     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Evans DA, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons: higher than previously reported. JAMA. 1989;262:2552-2556
2. Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, et al. Alzheimer disease in the U.S. population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1119-1122
3. Brokmeyer R, Jonhson E, Ziegler- Graham K, et al. Forecasting the Global Burden of Alzheimer Disease. Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers. Working Paper 130; 2007
4. Statistics about Alzheimer's Disease. Available at: http://www.alz.org/ alzheimers-disease-alzheimer-statistics.asp. Alzheimer's Association, 2007. Accessed January 15, 2007
5. Saving Lives, Saving Money: Dividends for Americans Investing in Alzheimer Research. A report from the Lewin Group, commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association. Washington, DC; 2004
6. Hay JW, Ernst RL. The economic costs of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Public Health. 1987;77:1169-1175
7. Ernst RL, Hay JW. The US economic and social costs of Alzheimer's disease revisited. Am J Public Health. 1994;84:1261-1264
8. Weiner M, Powe NR, Weller WE, et al. Alzheimer's disease under managed care: implications from Medicare utilization and expenditure patterns. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:762-770
9. Leibson C, Owens T, O'Brien P, et al. Use of physician and acute care services by persons with and without Alzheimer's disease: a population- based comparison. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:864 -869
10. Menzin J, Lang K, Friedman M, et al. The economic cost ofAlzheimer's disease and related dementias to the California Medicaid Program (Medi-Cal) in 1995. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;7:300-308
11. Martin BC, Ricci JF, Kotzan JA, et al. The net cost of Alzheimer disease and related dementia: a population-based study of Georgia Medicaid recipients. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2000;14:151-159
12. Fillit H, Hill JW, Futterman R. Health care utilization and costs of Alzheimer's disease: the role of co-morbid conditions, disease stage, and pharmacology. Fam Med. 2002;34:528-535
13. Hill JW, Futterman R, Duttagupta S, et al. Alzheimer's disease and related dementias increase costs of comorbidities in managed Medicare. Neurology. 2002;58:62-70
14. Joyce A, Zhao Y, Bowman L, et al. Burden of illness among patients with Alzheimer's disease in a commercially-insured population. Alzheims Dement. 2007;3:204-210
15. Gutterman EM, Markowitz JS, Lewis B, et al. Cost of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in managed-Medicare. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:1065-1071
16. Newcomer R, Clay T, Luxenberg JS, et al. Misclassification and selection bias when identifying Alzheimer's disease solely from Medicare claims records. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:215-219
17. Richards KM, Shepherd MD, Crismon ML, et al. Medical services utilization and charge comparisons between elderly patients with and without Alzheimer's disease in a managed care organization. Clin Ther. 2000;22:775-791
18. Doraiswamy PM, Leon J, Cummings JL, et al. Prevalence and impact of medical comorbidity in Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol A Bio Sci Med Sci. 2002;57:M173-M177
19. Sloan FA, Taylor DH Jr. Effect of Alzheimer disease on the cost of treating other diseases. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2002;16:137-143
20. 0. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:373-382
21. Alzheimer's disease facts and figures 2007. Available at: http://www.alz.org/national/documents/report-alzfactsfigures2007.pdf. Alzheimer's Association, 2007. Accessed December 1, 2007
22. American Medical Association. International Classification of Diseases, 9th rev. Clinical Modification (1996). Dover, DE: American Medical Association, 1995
23. Academic Research License for DxCG's Diagnostic Cost Groups (DCGs) Models is available to obtain at http://www.dxcg.com/research-resources/academic- research-license.asp
24. Ellis RP, Ash AS. Refinements to the Diagnostic Cost Group (DCG) Model. Inquiry. 1995;32:418-429
25. Ellis RP, Pope GC, Iezzoni LI, et al. Diagnosis-based risk adjustment for Medicare capitation payments. Health Care Financ Rev. 1996;17:101-128
26. Ash AS, Ellis RP, Pope GC, et al. Using diagnoses to describe populations and predict costs. Health Care Financ Rev. 2000;21:7-28
27. Pope GC, Ellis RP, Ash AS, et al. Principal inpatient diagnostic cost group model for Medicare risk adjustment. Health Care Financ Rev. 2002;21:93-118
28. Zhao Y, Ash AS, Ellis RP, et al. Disease burden profiles: an emerging tool for managing managed care. Health Care Manag Sci. 2002;5:211-21
29. Pope GC, Kautter J, Ellis RP, et al. Risk adjustment of Medicare capitation payments using the CMS-HCC model. Health Care Financ Rev. 2004;25:119-141
30. Zhao Y, Ash AS, Ellis RP, et al. Predicting pharmacy costs and other medical costs using diagnoses and drug claims. MedCare. 2005;43:34-43
31. Winkelman R, Mehmud S. A comparative analysis of claims-based tools for health risk assessment. A research study sponsored by the Society of Actuaries (SOA). Available at http://www.soa.org/files/pdf/risk-assessmentc.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2007
32. Introducing Medicare's new coverage for prescription drugs. Available at: http://www.medicare.gov/Publications/Pubs/pdf/11103.pdf. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2005
33. Speck CE, Kukull WA, Brenner DE, et al. History of depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiology. 1995;6:366 -369
34. Green RC, Cupples LA, Kurz A, et al. Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer Disease. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:753-759
35. Steffens DC, Plassman BL, Helms MJ, et al. A twin study of late-onset depression and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1997;41:851-856
36. Ownby RL, Crocco E, Acevedo A, et al. Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregres- sion analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:530 -538
37. Ganguli M, Du Y, Dodge HH, et al. Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in late life: a prospective epidemiological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:153-160
38. Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:445-453
39. Chen P, Ganguli M, Mulsant BH, et al. The temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia: a community-based prospective study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:261-266
40. 0. Agiiero-Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, et al. Dementia is a major cause of functional dependence in the elderly: 3 year followup data from a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 1998;88:1452-1456
41. Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA. 1999;282:1365-1370
42. Moroney JT, Tseng C-L, Paik MC, et al. Treatment for the secondary prevention of stroke in older patients: the influence of dementia status. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:824-829
43. McGeer PL, Schulzer M, McGeer EG. Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: a review of 17 epidemiologic studies. Neurology. 1996;47:425-432
44. Aisen PS. The potential of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2002;1:279 -284
45. Newhouse JP, Buntin MB, Chapman JD. Risk adjustment and Medicare:Taking a close look. Health Aff(Millwood). 1997;16:26 -43