Brief review of the chemistry of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and bitumen

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 2637-2640

  Masson, Jean Francois ^a  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACIDS; BUILDING MATERIALS; POLYMERS;

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS; POLYPHOSPHORIC ACIDS; REACTIVE OLIGOMERS; ROOFING APPLICATIONS; SHORTCHAIN POLYMERS;

BITUMINOUS MATERIALS;

EID: 49649086445     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef800120x     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Anonymous. Asphalt Handbook, Manual Series Number 4 MS-4; The Asphalt Institute: Lexington, KY, 1989.
2. Kraus, G. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1982, 55, 1389-1402.
3. Polacco, G.; Muscente, A.; Biondi, D.; Santini, S. Effect of composition on the properties of SEBS modified asphalts. Eur. Polym. J. 2006, 42, 1113-1121.
4. Jew, P.; Shimizu, J. A.; Svazic, M.; Woodhams, R. T. Polyethylene-modified bitumen for paving applications. J. Appl. Polym Sci. 1986, 31, 2685-2704.
5. Giavarini, C.; DeFilippis, P.; Santarelli, M. L.; Scarsella, M. Production of stable polypropylene-modified bitumens. Fuel 1996, 75, 681-686.
6. Morrison, G. R.; Lee, J. K.; Hesp, S. A. M. Chlorinated polyolefins for asphalt binder modification. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 54, 231-240.
7. Airey, G. D. Rheological evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens. Constr. Build. Mater. 2003, 16, 473-487.
8. Lee, Y. J.; France, L. M.; Hawley, M. C. Characterization of asphalt binders mixed with epoxy terminated ethylene terpolymer. Proc. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1997, 76, 397-398.
9. Polacco, G.; Stastna, J.; Biondi, D.; Antonelli, F.; Vlachovicova, Z.; Zanzotto, L. Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalised polymers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004, 280, 366-373.
10. Petrossi, U.; Bocca, P. L.; Pacor, P. Reactions and technological properties of sulfur-treated asphalt. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod Res. Dev. 1972, 11, 214-219.
11. Fritschy, G.; Papirer, E.; Chambu, C. Sulfur modified bitumen: A new binder. Rheol. Acta 1981, 20, 78-84.
12. Giavarini, C.; Mastrofini, D.; Scarsella, M. Macrostructure and rheological properties of chemically modified residues and bitumens. Energy Fuels 2000, 14, 495-502.
13. Anonymous. The Petroleum Handbook, 6th ed.; Elsevier. New York, 1983.
14. Speight, J. G. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, 3rd ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1999.
15. Masson, J-F.; Price, T.; Collins, P. Dynamics of bitumen fractions by thin-layer chromatography/flame ionization detection. Energy Fuels 2001, 15, 955-960.
16. Raki, L.; Masson, J-F.; Collins, P. Rapid bulk fractionation of maltenes into saturates, aromatics, and resins by flash chromatography. Energy Fuels 2000, 14, 160-163.
17. Peramanu, S.; Pruden, B. B.; Rahimi, P. Molecular weight and specific gravity distributions for Athabasca and Cold Lake bitumens and their saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1999, 38, 3121-3130.
18. Groenzin, H.; Mullins, O. C. Asphaltene molecular size and structure. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 11237-11245.
19. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fuel 1997, 76, 9-15.
20. Masson, J-F.; Polomark, G. Bitumen microstructure by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Thermochim. Acta 2001, 374, 105-114, erratum in 2004, 413, 273.
21. Jones, D., IV. SHRP materials reference library for asphalt cements: A concise data compilation. Report SHRP-A-645; Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1993.
22. Pfeiffer, J. P. H.; Saal, R. N. J. Asphaltic bitumen as colloid system. J. Phys. Chem. 1940, 44, 139-149.
23. Jones, D. R., IV. SHRP Asphalt Research Program, Technical Memorandum #4; Center for Transportation Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 1992.
24. Masson, J-F.; Bundalo-Perc, S. Calculation of smoothing factors for the comparison of DSC results. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2007, 90, 639-643.
25. Masson, J-F.; Leblond, V.; Margeson, J. Bitumen morphologies by phase-detection atomic force microscopy. J. Microsc. 2006, 221, 17-29.
26. Masson, J-F.; Leblond, V.; Margeson, J.; Bundalo-Perc, S. Low-temperature bitumen stiffness and viscous paraffinic nano- and microdomains by cryogenic AFM and PDM. J. Microsc. 2007, 227, 191-202.
27. Masson, J-F.; Polomark, G.; Collins, P. Time-dependent microstructure of bitumen and its fractions by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Energy Fuels 2002, 16, 470-476.
28. Masson, J-F.; Collins, P.; Polomark, G. Steric hardening and the ordering of asphaltenes in bitumen. Energy Fuels 2005, 19, 120-122.
29. Anonymous. Standard specification for performance graded asphalt binder, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6373.
30. Averbuch-Pouchot, M. T.; Durif, A. Topics in Phosphate Chemistry; World Scientific: Hackensack, NJ, 1996; Chapter 3.
31. Corbridge, D. E. C. Phosphorus: An Outline of Its Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, 5th ed.; Elsevier: New York, 1995.
32. Jameson, R. F. The composition of the "strong" phosphoric acid. J. Chem. Soc. 1959, 752-759.
33. Platonov, V. A. Properties of polyphosphoric acid. Fibre Chem. 2000, 32, 325-329.
34. Koebner, A.; Robinson, R. Experiments on the synthesis of substances related to the sterols. Part XXII. Synthesis of X-norequilenin methyl ether. J. Chem. Soc. 1938, 1994-1997.
35. Popp, F. D.; McEwen, W. E. Polyphosphoric acid as a reagent in organic chemistry. Chem Rev. 1959, 58, 321-401.
36. Chebuliez, E. Organic derivatives of phosphoric acid. In Organic Phosphorus Compounds; Kosolapoff, G. M., Maier, L., Eds.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1973; Chapter 15.
37. Rowlands, D. A. Polyphosphoric acid (PPA). In Synthetic Reagents; Pizey, J. S., Ed.; Ellis Horwood Publishers: Chichester, U.K., 1985; Vol. 6, Chapter 3.
38. Chebuliez, E.; Weniger, H. Phosphorylations par les acides polyphosphoriques. Helv. Chim. Acta 1946, 29, 2006-2017.
39. Dev, S.; Rai, C. J. Organic reactions with polyphosphoric acid, part V. Intramolecular acylation with lactones: Cyclopentenones from δ-lactones. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1957, 34, 266-274.
40. Stephenson, E. F. M. 3,4-Dihydro-4-phenyl-carbostyril and -isocarbostyril and some of their derivatives. J. Chem Soc. 1967, 2557-2558.
41. Kametani, T.; Nemoto, H. Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds CDXVII. Syntheses of 1,2-benzoxazepine, oxindole and furanoquinolone derivatives by cyclization of hydroxamic acid with polyphosphoric acid. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1971, 19 (7), 1325-1328.
42. Alexander, S. H. Method of treating asphalt. U.S. Patent 3,751,278, 1973.
43. Giavarini, C.; Mastrofini, D.; Scarsella, M. Macrostructure and rheological properties of chemically modified residues and bitumens. Energy Fuels 2000, 14, 495-502.
44. Orange, G.; Dupuis, D.; Martin, J. V.; Farcas, F.; Such, C.; Marcant, B. Chemical modification of bitumen through polyphosphoric acid: Properties - microstructure relationship. Proceedings of the 3rd Euraphalt and Eurobitume Congress, Vienna, Austria, 2004, paper 334, book 1, pp 733-745.
45. Baumgardner, G. L.; Masson, J-F.; Hardee, J. R.; Menapace, A. M.; Williams, A. G. Polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt: Proposed mechanisms. Proc. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 2006, 74, 283-305.
46. Handbook Chemistry and Physics, 63rd ed.; Weast, R. C., Astle, M. J., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1982, pp E50-E54.
47. Munson, R. A. Dielectric constant of phosphoric acid. J. Chem. Phys. 1964, 40, 2044-2046.
48. Lowry, T. H.; Richardson, K. S. Mechanisms and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Harper and Row: New York, 1981.
49. Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 5th ad.; Longman: New York, 1986; p 374.