Estimates for worldwide laboratory animal use in 2005

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 327-342

  Taylor, Katy ^a   Gordon, Nicky ^b   Langley, Gill ^b   Higgins, Wendy ^b  

^a British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection   (United Kingdom)

^b Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Animal experiments; Laboratory animals; Legislation; Regulation; Replacement; Statistics; Three Rs

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL WELFARE; ARTICLE; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LAW; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 49449100456     PISSN: 02611929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026119290803600310     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. EEC (1986). Council Directive 86/609/EEC of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Communities, L358, 1-29.
2. European Commission (2007). Annex to the Report on the Statistics on the Number of Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes in the Member States of the European Union in the Year 2005. SEC(2007)1455. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/ staff_work_doc_sec1455.pdf (Accessed 31.03.08).
3. United States Department of Agriculture (2006). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Annual Report 2005. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/awreports/awreport2005.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
4. van Zutphen, L.F.M. (2001). Introduction. In Principles of Laboratory Animal Science (ed. L.F.M. van Zutphen, V. Baumans & C. Beynen), pp. 2-5. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
5. Rowan, A. (1993). Replacement alternatives and the concept of alternatives. In The World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences: Education, Research, Testing (Alternative Methods in Toxicology) (ed. A.M. Goldberg, L.F.M. van Zutphen & M.L. Principe), pp. 1-10. New Rochelle, NY, USA; Mary Ann Liebert.
6. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005). The Ethics of Research Involving Animals, p. 7. London, UK: Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
7. Research Defence Society (2007). How much animal research is done?: International estimates. Available at: http://www.rds-online.org.uk/pages/ page.asp?i_ToolbarID=2&i_PageID=31 (Accessed 21.02.08).
8. Orlans, F.B. (1998). History and ethical regulation of animal experimentation: an international perspective. In A Companion to Bioethics (ed. H. Kuhse & P. Singer), pp. 399-410. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
9. Orlans, F.B. (2000). Research on animals, law, legislative, and welfare issues in the use of animals for genetic engineering and xenotransplantation. In Encyclopaedia of Ethical, Legal and Political Issues in Biotechnology (ed. T.H. Murray & M.J. Mehlman), pp. 1020-1030. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
10. Reinhardt, V. & Reinhardt, A. (2006). Variables, Refinement and Environmental Enrichment for Rodents and Rabbits Kept in Research Institutions, 71pp. Washington, DC, USA: Animal Welfare Institute.
11. Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005). Consensus statement by all members of the working party. In The Ethics of Research Involving Animals, p. xviii. London, UK: Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
12. Anon. (2006). An open debate. Nature 444, 789-790. Available at: www.nature.com/news/specials/animal-research (Accessed 14.12.06).
13. Russell, W.M.S. & Burch, R.L. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 238pp. London, UK: Methuen.
14. MORI (2006). Views on Animal Experimentation, IPSOS. Available at: http://www.ipsos-mori.com/_assets/polls/2006/pdf/dti.pdf (Accessed 31.03.08).
15. Forni, M. (2007). Laboratory animal science: A resource to improve the quality of science. Veterinary Research Communications 31, Suppl. 1, 43-47.
16. European Commission (1997). Glossary of Terms and Guidelines for Statistical Tables by Member States (XI/411/97). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/glossary-pub.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
17. Dickersin, K., Olson, C.M., Rennie, D., Cook, D., Flanagin, A., Zhu, Q., Reiling, J. & Pace, B. (2002). Association between time interval to publication and statistical significance. Journal of the American Medical Association 287, 2829-2831.
18. Torgerson, D.J., Adamson, J., Cockayne, S., Dumville, J. & Petherick, E. (2005). Submission to multiple journals: a method of reducing time to publication? British Medical Journal 330, 305-307.
19. International Institute for Management Development (2000). IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, June 2000, 562pp. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Institute for Management Development.
20. The US National Library of Medicine Database. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed (Accessed 21.02.08).
21. The International Database US Census Bureau. Available at: http://www.census.gov (Accessed 21.02.08).
22. Large and General Council of San Marino (2007). Law No. 108: Dispositions on the animal prohibition of experimentation in the Republic of San Marino, 3 October 2007. Available at: http://www.apasrsm.org/docs/ antivivisezione.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
23. German Federal Ministry of Consumer Health, Nutrition and Agriculture (2006). Report of the Numbers of Animals Used in Experimentation in 2005. Available at: http://www.bmelv.de/nn_753004/SharedDocs/downloads/07- SchutzderTiere/Tierversuchszahlen/2005-TierversuchszahlenGesamt,templateId=raw, property=publicationFile.pdf/2005-TierversuchszahlenGesamt.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
24. Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (2006). Annual Survey Concerning Animal Tests and Test Animals, 2005. Available at: http://www.vwa.nl/portal/page?_pageid=119,1639827&_dad=portal&_schema= PORTAL&p_file_id=16534 (Accessed 21.02.08).
25. Swedish Animal Welfare Agency (2006). Animal Statistics Report for 2005. Available at: http://www.animalwelfareagency.se/Documents/Rapporter/ forsoksdjur_2006_0250.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
26. The Norwegian Authority for Animal Experimentation (2006). Annual Report 2005. Available at: http://www.mattilsynet.no/fdu/multimedia/archive/ 00023/_rsrapport_FDU_2005_23507a.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
27. Swiss Federal Veterinary Office (2006). Statistics of Experiments on Animals in Switzerland in 2005, Bulletin 13.06. Available at: http://www.bvet.admin.ch (Accessed 21.02.08).
28. European Commission (2005). Annex to the Report on the Statistics on the Number of Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes in the Member States of the European Union in the Year 2002, SEC(2005)45. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities.
29. Home Office (2006). Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals: Great Britain 2005. Cm 7153, 49pp. London, UK: The Stationery Office.
30. Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (2007). Annual Survey Concerning Animal Tests and Test Animals, 2006. Available at: http://www.vwa.nl/portal/page?_pageid=119,1639827&_dad=portal&_schema= PORTAL&p_file_id=21586 (Accessed 21.02.08).
31. Laboratory Animal Science Association (1998). Production and Disposition of Laboratory Rodents Surplus to the Requirements for Scientific Procedures. Report of a LASA Task Force Meeting held on 12th June, 1998, 14pp. Tamworth, Staffs., UK: LASA.
32. Laboratory Animal Science Association (2001). Usage of dogs, cats and non-human primates that are bred or obtained for scientific purposes but are not subsequently used for that purpose: Report on a survey by the Laboratory Animal Science Association. In Report of the Animal Procedures Committee for 2003, HC 1017, pp. 51-54. London, UK: The Stationery Office.
33. Animal Procedures Committee (2004). Report of the Animal Procedures Committee for 2003. HC 1017, 54pp. London, UK: The Stationery Office.
34. Australian Association for Humane Research (2006). Press release: Animal experiments soar in Australia, 20 December 2005. Available at: http://www.aahr.asn.au/media_releases/20_12_05_Statistics.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
35. USDA (2000). Rats, mice and birds database: researchers, breeders, transporters, and exhibitors. A database prepared by the federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2000. Washington, DC, USA: United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda. gov/ac/locreport.html (Accessed 21.02.08).
36. Carbone, L. (2004). What Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
37. Animal Procedures Committee (2005). Animal Procedures Committee Report on the Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals in Great Britain. HC1660, 88pp. London, UK: The Stationery Office.
38. Yahia, M. (2007). The disappearing frog of Egypt, 11 April 2007. Available at: http://www.Islamonline.net (Accessed 27.02.08).
39. Burwell, A.K. & Baldwin, A.L. (2006). Do audible and ultrasonic sounds of intensities common in animal facilities affect the autonomic nervous system of rodents? Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 9, 179-200.
40. Van Loo, P.L., Van der Meer, E., Kruitwagen, C.L.J.J., Koolhaas, J.M., Van Zutphen, L.F.M. & Baumans, V. (2004). Long-term effects of husbandry procedures on stress-related parameters in male mice of two strains. Laboratory Animals 38, 169-177.
41. Van der Meer, E., Van Loo, P.L. & Baumans, V. (2004). Short-term effects of a disturbed light-dark cycle and environmental enrichment on aggression and stress-related parameters in male mice. Laboratory Animals 38, 376-383.
42. Balcombe, J.P., Barnard, N.D. & Sandusky, C. (2004). Laboratory routines can cause animal stress. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 43, 42-51.
43. Sub-Group Scope of the Expert Working Group on Directive 86/609/EEC (2003). Final Report. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/finalreportscope.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
44. Animal Procedures Committee (2003). Review of Cost-Benefit Assessment in the Use of Animals in Research. London, UK: Home Office.
45. Animal Procedures Committee (2004). Annex G: The control of surplus laboratory animals (over-breeding). In Report of the Animal Procedures Committee for 2003, HC 1017, pp. 39-56. London, UK: The Stationery Office.
46. Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science (2007). The number of live animals used in experiments after breeding in research facilities in 2004 - results of survey. Experimental Animals 56, 11.
47. Japanese Society for Laboratory Animal Resources (2007). Survey on the Total Number of Laboratory Animals Sold from April, 2004 to March, 2005. Available at: http://jsla.lin.go.jp/pdf/sale-16.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
48. Canadian Countil on Animal Care (2006). CCAC Survey of Animal Use - 2005. Available at: http://www.ccac.ca/en/Publications/New_Facts_Figures/ analysis/analysis_index.htm (Accessed 21.02.08).
49. Animal Research Review Panel (2005). New South Wales Annual Report 2003/04. Available at: http://www.animalethics.org.au/reader/annualreports (Accessed 21.02.08).
50. Department of Primary Industries (2005). Summary of Statistics of Animal Experimentation, Victoria. Report Number 2: 1 January, 2004 to 31 December, 2004. Available at: http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/(Accessed 21.02.08).
51. Council of Agriculture (2006). Humane Care of Laboratory Animals in Republic of China: Annual Report 2005. Executive Yuan Taipei, Taiwan. Available at the Animal Protection Information Service website: http://animal.coa.gov.tw/experiment/pdf/index95_report/index95_b00.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
52. Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (2006). The Report of the Ethical Committee 2002- 2006. Available at: http://www.nauka.gov.pl/ mein/_gAllery/26/05/26058/ 20070413_Zestawienie_zbiorcze_z_dzialalnosci_lke_za_lata_2002_-_2006.pdf (Accessed 21.02.08).
53. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (2006). National Animal Ethics Advisory Committee (NAEAC) Annual Report, 2005. Available at: http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/press/050906naeac.htm (Accessed 21.02.08).