Different effects of two regeneration regimens on immunological parameters in cyclists

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 36, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 1743-1749

  Meyer, Tim ^a   Faude, Oliver ^a   Urhausen, Axel ^a   Scharhag, Jürgen ^a   Kindermann, Wilfried ^a  

^a SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Exercise; Exhaustion; Intensity; Overload

Indexed keywords

LACTIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BICYCLE ERGOMETRY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; EXERCISE TEST; FATIGUE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; IMMUNE SYSTEM; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; LEUKOCYTE; MALE; NEUTROPHIL; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REGENERATION; RESPIRATORY BURST; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; TRAINING; VENTILATORY THRESHOLD;

ADULT; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; BICYCLING; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; ERGOMETRY; EXERTION; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; LACTIC ACID; LEUKOCYTES; MALE; PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING; RESPIRATORY BURST;

EID: 4944243216     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000142422.87805.74     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. BEAVER, W. L., K. WASSERMAN and B. J. WHIPP. A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J. Appl. Physiol. 60:2020-2027, 1986.
2. BOMPA, T. O. Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1999, p. 100.
3. BRUIN, G., H. KUIPERS, H. A. KEIZER and G. J. VANDERVUISSE. Adaptation and overtraining in horses subjected to increasing training loads. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:1908-1913, 1994.
4. COEN, B., A. URHAUSEN, K. BLASKO, W. BOTT, W. B., and W. KINDERMANN. Influencing the regeneration within a micro-cycle by different types of training in endurance trained athletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 23:8147, 2002.
5. COEN, B., A. URHAUSEN, W. BOTT, K. BLASKO, and W. KINDERMANN. Influencing the regeneration within a micro-cycle by endurance performance and event specifity in endurance trained athletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 23:8142, 2002.
6. FITZGERALD, L. Overtraining increases the susceptibility to infection. Int. J. Sports Med. 12:S5-S8, 1991.
7. FRY, R. W., A. R. MORTON, P. GARCIA-WEBB, G. P. M. CRAWFORD, and D. KEAST. Biological responses to overload training in endurance sports. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 64:335-344, 1992.
8. GABRIEL, H., and W. KINDERMANN. The acute immune response to exercise: what does it mean? Int. J. Sports Med. 18(Suppl. 1): S28-S45, 1997.
9. GABRIEL, H., L. SCHWARZ, P. BORN, and W. KINDERMANN. Differential mobilization of leucocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations into the circulation during endurance exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 65:529-534, 1992.
10. GABRIEL, H. H. W., H. J. MÜLLER, A. URHAUSEN, and W. KINDERMANN. Reduction of the oxidative burst of blood monocytes after an intensified training period of endurance athletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 20:S45, 1999.
11. HEDELIN, R., G. KENTTÁ, U. WIKLUND, P. BJERLE, and K. HENRIKSSON-LARSÉN. Short-term overtraining: effects on performance, circulatory responses, and heart rate variability. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32:1480-1484, 2000.
12. JEUKENDRUP, A. E., M. K. C. HESSELINK, A. C. SNYDER, H. KUIPERS, and H. A. KEIZER. Physiological changes in male competitive cyclists after two weeks of intensified training. Int. J. Sports Med. 13:534-541, 1992.
13. KENTTÄ, G., and P. HASSMÉN. Overtraining and recovery: a conceptual model. Sports Med. 26:1-16, 1998.
14. LEHMANN, M., U. GASTMANN, K. G. PETERSEN, et al. Training-overtraining: performance, and hormone levels, after a defined increase in training volume versus intensity in experienced middle- and long-distance runners. Br. J. Sports Med. 26:233-242, 1992.
15. LEHMANN, M., R. KAPP, M. HIMMELSBACH, and J. KEUL. Time and intensity dependent catecholamine responses during graduated exercise as an indicator of fatigue and exhaustion. In: Biochemistry of Exercise, H. G. Knuttgen, J. A. Vogeland, and J. Poortmans (Eds.). Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics, 1983, pp. 738-748.
16. LUCÍA, A., J. HOYOS, and J. L. CHICHARRO. Physiology of professional road cycling. Sports Med. 31:325-337, 2001.
17. MEYER, T., H. H. W. GABRIEL, M. RÄTZ, H. J. MÜLLER, and W. KINDERMANN. Anaerobic exercise induces moderate acute phase response. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33:549-555, 2001.
18. NIEMAN, D. C., L. S. BERK, M. SIMPSON-WESTERBERG, et al. Effects of long-endurance running on immune system parameters and lymphocyte function in experienced marathoners. Int. J. Sports Med. 10:317-323, 1989.
19. NIEMAN, D. C., L. M. JOHANSSEN, J. W. LEE, and K. ARABATZIS. Infectious episodes in runners before and after the Los Angeles Marathon. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 30:316-328, 1990.
20. PEDERSEN, B. K. Influence of physical activity on the cellular immune system: mechanisms of action. Int. J. Sports Med. 12(Suppl. 1):S23-S29, 1991.
21. PEDERSEN, B. K., and H. BRUUNSGAARD. How physical exercise influences the establishment of infections. Sports Med. 19:393-400, 1995.
22. ROTHE, G., W. KELLERMANN, B. SCHAERER, and G. VALET. Messung der phagosomalen Wasserstoffperoxidproduktion von Granulozyten und Monozyten mit Dihydrorhodamin 123 [Measurement of phagosomal hydrogen peroxide production in granulocytes and monocytes by use of dihydrorhodamin 123]. In: Durchflußzytometrie in der klinischen Zelldiagnostik [Flow cytometry in clinical cell diagnostics], G. Schmitz and G. Rothe (Eds.). Stuttgart: Schattauer, 1994, pp. 331-350.
23. SCHWARZ, L., and W. KINDERMANN. β-Endorphin, catecholamines, and cortisol during exhaustive endurance exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 10:324-328, 1989.
24. STEGMANN, H., W. KINDERMANN, and A. SCHNABEL. Lactate kinetics and individual anaerobic threshold. Int. J. Sports Med. 2:160-165, 1981.
25. TAKAHARA, K., Y. MIURA, R. KOUZUMA, T. YASUMASU, T. NAKAMURA, and Y. NAKASHIMA. Physical training augments plasma catecholamines and natural killer cell activity. J.U.O.E.H. 21:277-287, 1999.
26. URHAUSEN, A., H. GABRIEL, and W. KINDERMANN. Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Med. 20:251-276, 1995.
27. URHAUSEN, A., H. GABRIEL, B. WEILER, and W. KINDERMANN. Ergometric and psychological findings during overtraining: a prospective long-term-follow-up study in endurance athletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 19:114-120, 1998.
28. URHAUSEN, A., B. WEILER, B. COEN, and W. KINDERMANN. Plasma catecholamines during endurance exercise of different intensities as related to the individual anaerobic threshold. Ear. J. Appl. Physiol. 69:16-20, 1994.
29. WASSERMAN, K., B. J. WHIPP, S. N. KOYL, and W. L. BEAVER. Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 35:236-243, 1973.
30. WIGERNAES, I., A. T. HOSTMARK, P. KIERULF, and S. B. STROMME. Active recovery reduces the decrease in circulating white blood cells after exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 21:608-612, 2000.