메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 19, 2004, Pages 5112-5119

Potential role of chlorination pathways in PCDD/F formation in a municipal waste incinerator

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BYPRODUCTS; ISOMERS; PROBABILITY; WASTE INCINERATION;

EID: 4944236738     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es0497227     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (37)
  • 1
    • 0027246407 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic data for dioxins from molecular modeling computations: Prediction of equilibrium isomer composition
    • Unsworth, J. F.; Dorans, H. Thermodynamic data for dioxins from molecular modeling computations: prediction of equilibrium isomer composition. Chemosphere 1993, 27, 351.
    • (1993) Chemosphere , vol.27 , pp. 351
    • Unsworth, J.F.1    Dorans, H.2
  • 2
    • 0000302911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thermodynamic study on the isomer composition of tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins formed in combustion processes
    • Zimmermann, R.; Wehrmeier, A.; Lenoir, D.; Schramm, K.-W.; Kettrup, A. A thermodynamic study on the isomer composition of tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins formed in combustion processes. Organohalogen Compd. 1996, 27, 237.
    • (1996) Organohalogen Compd , vol.27 , pp. 237
    • Zimmermann, R.1    Wehrmeier, A.2    Lenoir, D.3    Schramm, K.-W.4    Kettrup, A.5
  • 3
    • 0032104834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of isomers of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins as tool for elucidation of thermal formation mechanisms
    • Wehrmeier, A.; Lenoir, D.; Schramm, K.-W.; Zimmermann, R.; Hahn, K.; Henkelmann, B.; Kettrup, A. Patterns of isomers of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins as tool for elucidation of thermal formation mechanisms. Chemosphere 1998, 36, 2775.
    • (1998) Chemosphere , vol.36 , pp. 2775
    • Wehrmeier, A.1    Lenoir, D.2    Schramm, K.-W.3    Zimmermann, R.4    Hahn, K.5    Henkelmann, B.6    Kettrup, A.7
  • 4
    • 0025108539 scopus 로고
    • The role of precursors in formation of polychloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychloro-dibenzofurans during heterogeneous combustion
    • Altwicker, E. R.; Konduri, R. K. N. V.; Milligan, M. S. The role of precursors in formation of polychloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychloro- dibenzofurans during heterogeneous combustion. Chemosphere 1990, 20, 1935.
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.20 , pp. 1935
    • Altwicker, E.R.1    Konduri, R.K.N.V.2    Milligan, M.S.3
  • 5
    • 0030034147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chemometric approach for the verification of dioxin/furan formation mechanism in municipal waste incinerators
    • Chang, N.-B.; Huang, S.-H. A chemometric approach for the verification of dioxin/furan formation mechanism in municipal waste incinerators. Chemosphere 1996, 32, 209.
    • (1996) Chemosphere , vol.32 , pp. 209
    • Chang, N.-B.1    Huang, S.-H.2
  • 7
    • 0023979526 scopus 로고
    • A simplified model for dioxin and furan formation in municipal-waste incinerators
    • Wiesenhahn, D. F.; Li, C. P.; Penner, S. S. A simplified model for dioxin and furan formation in municipal-waste incinerators. Energy 1988, 13, 225.
    • (1988) Energy , vol.13 , pp. 225
    • Wiesenhahn, D.F.1    Li, C.P.2    Penner, S.S.3
  • 9
    • 0024450847 scopus 로고
    • Formation of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in homogeneous gas-phase reactions of phenols
    • Born, J. G. P.; Louw, R.; Mulder, P. Formation of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in homogeneous gas-phase reactions of phenols. Chemosphere 1989, 19, 401.
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.19 , pp. 401
    • Born, J.G.P.1    Louw, R.2    Mulder, P.3
  • 10
    • 0027306154 scopus 로고
    • Fly ash mediated reactions of phenol and monochlorophenols: Oxychlorination, deep oxidation, and condensation
    • Born, J. G. P.; Mulder, P.; Louw, R. Fly ash mediated reactions of phenol and monochlorophenols: oxychlorination, deep oxidation, and condensation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 1849.
    • (1993) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.27 , pp. 1849
    • Born, J.G.P.1    Mulder, P.2    Louw, R.3
  • 11
    • 0026702220 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative comparison of de novo and precursor formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under simulated municipal solid waste incinerator postcombustion conditions
    • Dickson, L. C.; Lenoir, D.; Hutzinger, O. Quantitative comparison of de novo and precursor formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under simulated municipal solid waste incinerator postcombustion conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 1822.
    • (1992) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.26 , pp. 1822
    • Dickson, L.C.1    Lenoir, D.2    Hutzinger, O.3
  • 12
    • 0038514467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by CuCl2-catalyzed condensation of 2,6 chlorinated phenols
    • Mulholland, J. A.; Ryu, J.-Y. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by CuCl2-catalyzed condensation of 2,6 chlorinated phenols. Combust. Sci. Technol. 2001, 769, 107.
    • (2001) Combust. Sci. Technol , vol.769 , pp. 107
    • Mulholland, J.A.1    Ryu, J.-Y.2
  • 13
    • 84915783957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dichlorophenol substitution pattern on furan and dioxin formation
    • Nakahata, D.-T.; Mulholland, J. A. Effect of dichlorophenol substitution pattern on furan and dioxin formation. Proc. Combust. Inst. 2000, 28, 2701.
    • (2000) Proc. Combust. Inst , vol.28 , pp. 2701
    • Nakahata, D.-T.1    Mulholland, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 1942425969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of polychlorinated dibenzofuran congener distribution from gas-phase phenol condensation pathways
    • Ryu, J.-Y.; Mulholland, J. A.; Oh, J.-E.; Nakahata, D.-T.; Kim, D.-H. Prediction of polychlorinated dibenzofuran congener distribution from gas-phase phenol condensation pathways. Chemosphere 2004, 55, 1447.
    • (2004) Chemosphere , vol.55 , pp. 1447
    • Ryu, J.-Y.1    Mulholland, J.A.2    Oh, J.-E.3    Nakahata, D.-T.4    Kim, D.-H.5
  • 15
    • 0038330507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorination of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin vapor by copper (II) chloride
    • Ryu, J.-Y.; Mulholland, J. A.; Chu, B. Chlorination of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin vapor by copper (II) chloride. Chemosphere 2003, 51, 1031.
    • (2003) Chemosphere , vol.51 , pp. 1031
    • Ryu, J.-Y.1    Mulholland, J.A.2    Chu, B.3
  • 16
    • 0024431562 scopus 로고
    • Carbonaceous particles in fly ash -a source for the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorocompounds
    • Stieglitz, L.; Zwick, G.; Beck, J.; Bautz, H.; Roth, W. Carbonaceous particles in fly ash -a source for the de-novo-synthesis of organochlorocompounds. Chemosphere 1989, 19, 283.
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.19 , pp. 283
    • Stieglitz, L.1    Zwick, G.2    Beck, J.3    Bautz, H.4    Roth, W.5
  • 17
    • 0034254010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dechlorination-controlled polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomer patterns from municipal waste incinerators
    • Iino, F.; Imagawa, T.; Gullett, B. K. Dechlorination-controlled polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomer patterns from municipal waste incinerators. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 3143.
    • (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.34 , pp. 3143
    • Iino, F.1    Imagawa, T.2    Gullett, B.K.3
  • 18
    • 0035866614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of nonchlorinated and chlorinated aromatics in the flue gas of incineration plants during and after transient disturbances of combustion conditions: Delayed emission effects
    • Zimmermann, R.; Blumenstock, M.; Heger, H. J.; Schramm, K.-W.; Kettrup, A. Emission of nonchlorinated and chlorinated aromatics in the flue gas of incineration plants during and after transient disturbances of combustion conditions: delayed emission effects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1019.
    • (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.35 , pp. 1019
    • Zimmermann, R.1    Blumenstock, M.2    Heger, H.J.3    Schramm, K.-W.4    Kettrup, A.5
  • 19
    • 0034651909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary formation of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, benzenes, and phenols during MSW combustion
    • Wikstrom, E.; Marklund, S. Secondary formation of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, benzenes, and phenols during MSW combustion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 604.
    • (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.34 , pp. 604
    • Wikstrom, E.1    Marklund, S.2
  • 20
    • 0024469558 scopus 로고
    • Post furnace formation and progressive Chlorination of PCDD and PCDF in municipal waste incinerator
    • Yamamoto, T.; Inoue, S.; Sawachi, M. Post furnace formation and progressive Chlorination of PCDD and PCDF in municipal waste incinerator. Chemosphere 1989, 19, 271.
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.19 , pp. 271
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Inoue, S.2    Sawachi, M.3
  • 21
    • 0032461345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of combustion parameters on polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran homologue profiles from municipal waste and coal co-combustion
    • Gullett, B. K.; Dunn, J. E.; Bae, S.-K.; Raghunathan, K. Effects of combustion parameters on polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran homologue profiles from municipal waste and coal co-combustion. Waste Manage. 1998, 18, 473.
    • (1998) Waste Manage , vol.18 , pp. 473
    • Gullett, B.K.1    Dunn, J.E.2    Bae, S.-K.3    Raghunathan, K.4
  • 22
    • 0035107084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of level and chlorine source on the formation of mono- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls during combustion of an artificial municipal waste
    • Wikstrom, E.; Marklund, S. The influence of level and chlorine source on the formation of mono- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls during combustion of an artificial municipal waste. Chemosphere 2001, 43, 227.
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.43 , pp. 227
    • Wikstrom, E.1    Marklund, S.2
  • 23
    • 0025076030 scopus 로고
    • The effect of metal catalysts on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran precursors
    • Gullett, B. K.; Bruce, K. R.; Beach, L. O. The effect of metal catalysts on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran precursors. Chemosphere 1990, 20, 1945.
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.20 , pp. 1945
    • Gullett, B.K.1    Bruce, K.R.2    Beach, L.O.3
  • 24
    • 0025050438 scopus 로고
    • Surface catalyzed formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/ dibenzofurans during municipal waste incineration
    • Addink, R.; Bavel, B. V.; Visser, R.; Wever, H.; Slot, P.; Olie, K. Surface catalyzed formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans during municipal waste incineration. Chemosphere 1990, 20, 1929.
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.20 , pp. 1929
    • Addink, R.1    Bavel, B.V.2    Visser, R.3    Wever, H.4    Slot, P.5    Olie, K.6
  • 25
    • 0022896268 scopus 로고
    • A new theory of dioxin formation in municipal solid waste combustion
    • Griffin, R. D. A new theory of dioxin formation in municipal solid waste combustion. Chemosphere 1986, 15, 1987.
    • (1986) Chemosphere , vol.15 , pp. 1987
    • Griffin, R.D.1
  • 26
    • 0026335205 scopus 로고
    • On formation conditions of organohalogen compounds from paniculate carbon of fly ash
    • Stieglitz, L.; Vogg, H.; Zwick, G.; Beck, J.; Bautz, H. On formation conditions of organohalogen compounds from paniculate carbon of fly ash. Chemosphere 1991, 23, 1255.
    • (1991) Chemosphere , vol.23 , pp. 1255
    • Stieglitz, L.1    Vogg, H.2    Zwick, G.3    Beck, J.4    Bautz, H.5
  • 28
    • 0005164674 scopus 로고
    • Copper-catalyzed single-electron oxidations and reductions
    • Nonhebel, D. C. Copper-catalyzed single-electron oxidations and reductions. J. Chem. Soc. (Special Publication) 1970, 24, 409.
    • (1970) J. Chem. Soc. (Special Publication) , vol.24 , pp. 409
    • Nonhebel, D.C.1
  • 29
    • 0025514173 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of chlorination of aromatic compounds adsorbed on the surface of fly ash from municipal incinerators
    • Huffman, R. V.; Eiceman, G. A.; Long, Y.-T.; Collins, M. C.; Lu, M.-C. Mechanism of chlorination of aromatic compounds adsorbed on the surface of fly ash from municipal incinerators. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 1635.
    • (1990) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.24 , pp. 1635
    • Huffman, R.V.1    Eiceman, G.A.2    Long, Y.-T.3    Collins, M.C.4    Lu, M.-C.5
  • 30
    • 0034649792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cofiring coal on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during waste combustion
    • Gullett, B. K.; Dunn, J. E.; Raghunathan, K. Effect of cofiring coal on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during waste combustion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 282.
    • (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.34 , pp. 282
    • Gullett, B.K.1    Dunn, J.E.2    Raghunathan, K.3
  • 32
    • 0034005417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol conversion to PCDD/PCDF on a MSWI-fly ash and a model fly ash
    • Hell, K.; Altwicker, E. R.; Stieglitz, L.; Addink, R. Comparison of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol conversion to PCDD/PCDF on a MSWI-fly ash and a model fly ash. Chemosphere 2000, 40, 995.
    • (2000) Chemosphere , vol.40 , pp. 995
    • Hell, K.1    Altwicker, E.R.2    Stieglitz, L.3    Addink, R.4
  • 33
    • 0023903328 scopus 로고
    • Reaction pathways for the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and -dibenzofurans (PCDF) in combustion processes: II. Chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols as precursors in the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins and -dibenzofurans in flame chemistry
    • Ballschmiter, K.; Braunmiller, I.; Niemczyk, R.; Swerev, M. Reaction pathways for the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and -dibenzofurans (PCDF) in combustion processes: II. chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols as precursors in the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins and -dibenzofurans in flame chemistry. Chemosphere 1988, 17, 995.
    • (1988) Chemosphere , vol.17 , pp. 995
    • Ballschmiter, K.1    Braunmiller, I.2    Niemczyk, R.3    Swerev, M.4
  • 34
    • 0033136604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCDD/PCDF formation in fluidized bed incineration
    • Weber, R.; Hagenmaier, H. PCDD/PCDF formation in fluidized bed incineration. Chemosphere 1999, 38, 2643.
    • (1999) Chemosphere , vol.38 , pp. 2643
    • Weber, R.1    Hagenmaier, H.2
  • 36
    • 0034880089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of PCDF, PCDD, PCB, and PCN in de novo synthesis from PAH: Mechanistic aspects and correlation to fluidized bed incinerators
    • Weber, R.; Iino, F.; Imagawa, T.; Takeuchi, M.; Sakurai, T.; Sadakata, M. Formation of PCDF, PCDD, PCB, and PCN in de novo synthesis from PAH: mechanistic aspects and correlation to fluidized bed incinerators. Chemosphere 2001, 44, 1429.
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.44 , pp. 1429
    • Weber, R.1    Iino, F.2    Imagawa, T.3    Takeuchi, M.4    Sakurai, T.5    Sadakata, M.6
  • 37
    • 0036149301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in model waste incineration in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor
    • Hatanaka, T.; Imagawa, T.; Takeuchi, M. Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in model waste incineration in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor. Chemosphere 2002, 46, 393.
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.46 , pp. 393
    • Hatanaka, T.1    Imagawa, T.2    Takeuchi, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.