Postural effects on pharyngeal protective reflex mechanisms

Sleep

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 1105-1112

  Malhotra, Atul ^a   Trinder, John ^a,b   Fogel, Robert ^a   Stanchina, Michael ^a,c   Patel, Sanjay R ^a   Schory, Karen ^a   Kleverlaan, Darci ^b   White, David P ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Breathing; Genioglossus; Lung; Pharynx; Posture; Respiration; Sleep; Tensor palatini; Upper airway; Vestibular

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; BREATHING MUSCLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAM; FEMALE; GLOTTIS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PALATINE TONSIL; PHARYNX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REM SLEEP; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SUPINE POSITION; WAKEFULNESS;

EID: 4944235890     PISSN: 01618105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/27.6.1105     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Malhotra A, White D. Seminar: Obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet 2002;360:237-45.
2. Berry RB, McNellis MI, Kouchi K, Light RW. Upper airway anesthesia reduces phasic genioglossus activity during sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:127-32.
3. Badr MS. Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1999;41:323-30.
4. Peppard PE, Young, T, Palta, M, Skatrud, J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1378-84.
5. Lavie P, Silverberg D, Oksenberg A, Hoffstein V. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: from correlative to causative relationship. J Clin Hypertens 2001;3:296-301.
6. Sajkov D, Wang T, Saunders NA, Bune AJ, McEvoy RD. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment improves pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:152-8.
7. Horner R, Innes J, Morrell M, Shea S, Guz A. The effect of sleep on reflex genioglossus muscle activation by stimuli of negative airway pressure in humans. J Physiol 1994;476:141-51.
8. Malhotra A, Pillar G, Fogel R, Beauregard J, White D. Genioglossal but not palatal muscle activity relates closely to pharyngeal pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1058-62.
9. Mathew OP, Abu-Osba YK, Thach BT. Influence of upper airway pressure changes on genioglossus and muscle respiratory activity. J Appl Physiol 1982;52:438.
10. Horner RL, Innes JA, Holden HB, Guz A. Afferent pathway(s) for pharyngeal dilator reflex to negative pressure in man: a study using upper airway anaesthesia. J Physiol 1991;436:31-44.
11. Kobayashi I, et al. Inspiratory coactivation of the genioglossus enlarges retroglossal space in laryngectomized humans. J Appl Physiol 1996;80:1595-604.
12. Tangel DT, Mezzanotte WS, White DP. The influence of sleep on tensor palatini EMG and upper airway resistance in normal subjects. J Appl Physiol 1991;70:2574-81.
13. Onal E, Lopata M, O'Connor TD. Diaphragmatic and genioglossal electromyogram responses to CO2 rebreathing in humans. J Appl Physiol 1981;50:1052-5.
14. Pillar G, Malhotra A, Fogel R, Beuregard J, Slamowitz D, Shea S, White D. Upper airway muscle responsiveness to rising PCO2 during NREM sleep. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:1275-82.
15. Orem J. The nature of the wakefulness stimulus for breathing. Prog Clin Biol Res 1990;345:23-31.
16. Malhotra A, Fogel R, Edwards J, Shea S, White D. Local Mechanisms drive genioglossus muscle activation in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1746-9.
17. Horner RL. Impact of brainstem sleep mechanisms on pharyngeal motor control. Respir Physiol 2000;119:113-21.
18. Hudgel D, Mulholland M, Hendricks C. Neuromuscular and mechanical responses to inspiratory resistive loading during sleep. J Appl Physiol 1987;63:603-8.
19. Kuna S and Smickley J Response of genioglossus muscle activity to nasal airway occlusion in normal sleeping adults. J Appl Physiol 1988;64:347-53.
20. Wiegand L, Zwillich CW, White DP. Collapsibility of the human upper airway during normal sleep. J Appl Physiol 1989;66:1800-8.
21. Aronson RO, E. Carley, DW. Lopata, M. Upper airway and respiratory muscle responses to continuous negative airway pressure. J Appl Physiol 1989;66:1373-82.
22. Wheatley J, Mezzanotte W, Tangel D, White D. Influence of sleep on genioglossus muscle activation by negative pressure in normal men. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:597-605.
23. Worsnop C, Kay A, Pierce R, Kim Y, Trinder J. Activity of respiratory pump and upper airway muscles during sleep onset. J Appl Physiol 1998;85:908-20.
24. Malhotra A, Pillar G, Fogel RB, et al. Pharyngeal pressure and flow effects on genioglossus activation in normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:71-7.
25. Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: Recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in adults. Sleep 1999;22:667-89.
26. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Washington: Government Printing Office. NIH Pub #204; 1968.
27. Malhotra A, Pillar G, Fogel R, Edwards J, Beauregard J, White DP. Upper airway collapsibility: measurement and sleep effects. Chest 2001;120:156-61.
28. Pillar G, Fogel RB, Malhotra A, et al. Genioglossal inspiratory activation: central respiratory vs mechanoreceptor influences. Respir Physiol 2001;127:23-38.
29. Little R, Rubin D. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data Points. Chichester: Wiley; 1987.
30. Basner RC, Ringler J, Schwartzstein RM, Weinberger SE, Weiss JW. Phasic electromyographic activity of the genioglossus increases in normals during slow-wave sleep. Respir Physiol 1991;83:189-200.
31. Stanchina M, Malhotra A, Fogel RB, et al. Genioglossus muscle responsiveness to chemical and mechanical loading during NREM sleep. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:945-9.
32. De Troyer A, Gorman RB, Gandevia SC. Distribution of inspiratory drive to the external intercostal muscles in humans. J Physiol 2003;546:943-54.
33. Harper RM. Autonomic control during sleep and risk for sudden death in infancy. Arch Ital Biol 2001;139:185-94.
34. Anker A, Ali A, Arendt H, et al. Use of electrical vestibular stimulation to alter genioglossal muscle activity in awake cats. J Vestib Res 2003, 13: 1-8.
35. Bonora M, Bartlett D, Knuth S. Changes in upper airway muscle activity related to head position in awake cats. Respir Physiol 1985;60:181-92.
36. Mezzanotte WS, Tangel DJ, White DP. Waking and sleeping upper airway muscle activity in apnea patients versus normal control. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:1880-7.
37. Kimoff R, Sforza E, Champagne V, Ofiara L, Gendron D. Upper airway sensation in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;160:250-5.
38. Friberg D, Gazelius B, Hokfelt T, Nordlander B. Abnormal afferent nerve endings in the soft palatal mucosa of sleep apneics and habitual snorers. Regul Pept 1997;71:29-36.
39. Hudgel DW, Gordon EA. Serotonin-induced cortisol release in CPAP-treated obstructive sleep apnea patients. Chest 1997;111:632-8.
40. Fogel R, Trinder J, Malhotra A, et al. Within-breath control of genioglossal muscle activation in humans: effect of sleep-wake state. J Physiol 2003;550:899-910.