Assessment of environmental risks from toxic and nontoxic stressors; A proposed concept for a risk-based management tool for offshore drilling discharges

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 177-183

  Smit, Mathijs G D ^a   Jak, Robbert G ^a   Rye, Henrik ^b   Frost, Tone Karin ^c   Singsaas, Ivar ^b   Karman, Chris C ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b SINTEF MATERIALS AND CHEMISTRY   (Norway)

^c STATOIL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Drilling discharges; ERMS; Nontoxic stress; Risk assessment; Species sensitivity distributions

Indexed keywords

PETROLEUM; SEA WATER;

ARTICLE; DRUG SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; METHODOLOGY; MINING; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEDIMENT; WATER POLLUTANT;

EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL; PETROLEUM; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEAWATER; WATER POLLUTANTS;

EID: 49049106404     PISSN: 15513793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1897/IEAM_2007-036.1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aldenberg T, Jaworska JS, Traas TP. 2002. Normal species sensitivity distributions and probabilistic ecological risk assessment. In: Posthuma L, Suter GW II, Traas TP, editors. Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis. p 49-102.
2. Aldenberg T, Slob W. 1993. Confidence limits for hazardous concentrations based on logistically distributed NOEC toxicity data. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 25:48-63.
3. Altin D, Frost TK, Nilssen I. 2008. Approaches for derivation of environmental quality criteria for substances applied in risk assessment of discharges from offshore drilling operations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 4:204-214.
4. Backhaus T, Altenburger R, Arrhenius Å, Blanck H, Faust M, Finizio A, Gramatica P, Grote M, Junghans M, Meyer W, Pavan M, Porsbring T, Scholze M, Todeschini R, Vighi M, Walter H, Grimmea LH. 2003. The BEAM-project: Prediction and assessment of mixture toxicities in the aquatic environment. Cont Shelf Res 23:1757-1796.
5. Brix KV, DeForest DK, Adams WJ. 2001. Assessing acute and chronic copper risks to freshwater aquatic life using species sensitivity distributions for different taxonomic groups. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1846-1856.
6. Burton GA, Pitt RE. 2002. Stormwater effects handbook. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis.
7. Chapman PM, Fairbrother A, Brown D. 1998. A critical evaluation of safety (uncertainty) factors for ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:99-108.
8. Chèvre N, Loepfe C, Singer H, Stamm C, Fenner K, Escher BI. 2006. Including mixtures in the determination of water quality criteria for herbicides in surface water. Environ Sci Technol 40:426-435.
9. Crommentuijn T, Sijm D, De Bruijn J, Van den Hoop M, Van Leeuwen K, Van de Plassche E. 2000. Maximum permissible and negligible concentrations for metal and metalloids in the Netherlands, taking into account background concentrations. J Environ Manag 60:121-143.
10. Dankers PJT. 2002. The behaviour of fines released due to dredging, A literature review. Delft (NL): Delft University of Technology, Hydraulic Engineering Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences. Report-Delft University of Technology.
11. De Zwart D. 2002. Observed regularities in species sensitivity distributions for aquatic species. In: Posthuma L, Suter GW II, Traas TP, editors. Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis. p 133-154.
12. De Zwart D, Dyer SD, Posthuma L, Hawkins CP. 2006. Predictive models attribute potential effects on fish assemblages to toxicity and habitat alteration. Ecol Appl 16:1295-1310.
13. De Zwart D, Posthuma L. 2005. Complex mixture toxicity for single and multiple species: Proposed methodologies. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:2665-2676.
14. Duboudin C, Ciffroy P, Magaud H. 2004. Acute-to-chronic species sensitivity distribution extrapolation. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:1774-1785.
15. [EC] European Commission. 2003. Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. Ispra (IT): European Commission Joint Research Centre. EUR 20418 EN/2.
16. [EC] European Commission. 2006. EU Marine Strategy-The story behind the strategy. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/water/marine.htm. Accessed 6 November 2007.
17. Forbes VE, Calow P. 2002a. Sensitivity distributions-Why species selection matters. SETAC Globe 3:22-23.
18. Forbes VE, Calow P. 2002b. Species sensitivity distributions revisited: A critical appraisal. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 8:473-492.
19. Garay V, Roman G, Isnard P. 2000. Evaluation of PNEC values: Extrapolation from Microtox®, algae, daphnid, and fish data to HC5. Chemosphere 40:267-273.
20. Harbers JV, Huijbregts MAJ, Posthuma L, Van de Meent D. 2006. Estimating the impact of high-production-volume chemicals on remote ecosystems by toxic pressure calculation. Environ Sci Technol 40:1573-1580.
21. Jager T, Heugens EHW, Kooijman SALM. 2006. Making sense of ecotoxicological test results: Towards process-based models. Ecotoxicology 15:305-314.
22. Jager T, Vermeire TG, Rikken MGJ, Van der Poel P. 2001. Opportunities for a probabilistic risk assessment of chemicals in the European Union. Chemosphere 43:257-264.
23. Johnsen S, Frost TK, Hjelsvold M, Røe Utvik T. 2000. The environmental impact factor-Aproposed tool for producedwater impact reduction, management and regulation. In: SPE International Conference onHealth, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production; 26-28 June 2000; Stavanger, Norway. Richardson (TX): Society of Petroleum Engineers paper no. 61178.
24. Källqvist T. 2007. PNEC for metals in the marine environment derived from species sensitivity distributions. Oslo (NO): NIVA. Report 27053; SNO 5336-2007.
25. Karman CC, Reerink HG. 1998. Dynamic assessment of the ecological risk of the discharge of produced water from oil and gas producing platforms. J Haz Mater 61:43-51.
26. Kenchington TJ. 1997. A review of the marine environmental effects of the Sable Offshore Energy Project. Musquodoboit Harbour (NS) Canada: Gadus Associates. Report prepared for Ecology Action Centre.
27. Neff JM. 1987. Biological effects of drilling fluids, drill cuttings and produced waters. In: Boesch DE, Rabelais NN, editors. Long-term environmental effects of offshore oil and gas development. London (UK): Elsevier Applied Science. p 469-538.
28. Newcombe CP, Jensen JOT. 1996. Channel suspended sediment and fisheries: A synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact. North Am J Fish Manag 16:693-727.
29. Okkerman PC, Van der Plassche E, Emans HJB, Canton JH. 1993. Validation of some extrapolation methods with toxicity data derived from multiple species experiments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 25:341-359.
30. Okkerman PC, Van der Plassche EJ, Slooff W., Van Leeuwen CJ, Canton JH. 1991. Ecotoxicological effects assessment: A comparison of several extrapolation procedures. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 21:182-193.
31. Patin S. 1999. Environmental impact of the offshore oil and gas industry. East Northport (NY): EcoMonitor. 425 p.
32. Pennington DW. 2003. Extrapolating ecotoxicological measures from small data sets. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 56:238-250.
33. Persoone G, Janssen CR. 1994. Field validation of predictions based on laboratory toxicity tests. In: Hill IR, Heimbach F, Leeuwangh P, Matthiessen P, editors. Freshwater field tests for hazard assessment of chemicals. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis. p 379-397.
34. Pollard P, Huxham M. 1998. The European water framework directive: A new era in the management of aquatic ecosystem health? Aquat Conservat Mar Freshwater Ecosyst 8:773-792.
35. Posthuma L, Traas TP, deZwart D, Suter GW. II. 2002. Conceptual and technical outlook on species sensitivity distributions. In: Posthuma L, Suter GW II, Traas TP, editors. Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis. p 475-510.
36. Reed M, Hetland B. 2002. "DREAM": A dose-related exposure assessment model. Technical description of physical-chemical fates components. In: SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production; 20-22 March 2002; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Richardson (TX): Society of Petroleum Engineers, paper no. 73856.
37. Reiley MC, Stubblefield WA, Adams WJ, DiToro DM, Hodson PV, Erickson RJ, Keating FJ. Jr. 2003. Reevaluation of the state of the science for water quality criteria development. Pensacola (FL): SETAC.
38. Roex E, Van Gestel C, Van Wezel A, Van Straalen NM. 2000. Ratios between acute aquatic toxicity and effects on population growth rates in relation to toxicant mode of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:685-693.
39. Rye H, Reed M, Ekrol N. 1998. The ParTrack model for calculation of the spreading and deposition of drilling mud, chemicals and drill cuttings. Environ Model Softw 13:431-443.
40. Rye H, Reed M, Frost TK, Røe Utvik TI. 2004. Comparison of the ParTrack mud/cuttings release model with field data. Environ Model Softw 19:701-717.
41. Rye H, Reed M, Frost TK, Smit MGD, Durgut I, Johansen Ø, Ditlevsen MK. 2008. Development of a numerical model for calculation of exposure to toxic and nontoxic stressors in the water column and sediment from drilling discharges. Integr Env Assess Manag 4:194-203.
42. Singsaas I, Rye H, Frost TK, Smit MGD, Garpestad E, Skare I, Bakke K, Veiga LF, Buffagni M, Follum O-A, Johnsen S, Moltu U-E, Reed M. 2008. Development of a risk-based environmental management tool for drilling discharges. Summary of a four-year project. Integr Env Assess Manag 4:171-176.
43. Smit MGD, Holthaus KIE, Trannum H, Neff J, Kjeilen-Eilertsen G, Jak RG, Singsaas I, Huijbregts MAJ, Hendriks AJ. 2008. Species sensitivity distributions for suspended clays, sediment burial and grain size change in the marine environment. Environ Chem Toxicol (forthcoming).
44. Smit MGD, Jak RG., Rye H, Frost TK. 2006. Framework for the Environmental Impact Factor for drilling discharges. ERMS report no 6. Den Helder (NL): ERMS. TNO. R2006-DH-R-0045/B. http://www.sintef.no/erms. Accessed 20 April 2007.
45. Solomon KR, Sibley P. 2002. New concepts in ecological risk assessment: Where do we go from here? Mar Pollut Bull 44:279-285.
46. Solomon KR, Takacs P. 2002. Probabilistic risk assessment using species sensitivity distributions. In: Posthuma L, Suter GW II, Traas TP, editors. Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis. p 285-314.
47. Struijs JD, VandeMeent D, Peijnenburg WJGM, VandenHoop MAGT, Crommentuijn T. 1997. Added risk approach to derive maximum permissible concentrations for heavy metals: How to take into account the natural background levels? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 37:112-118.
48. Suter GW. 1993. Ecological risk assessment. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis.
49. Tannenbaum LV. 2005. A critical assessment of the ecological risk assessment process: A review of misapplied concepts. Integr Env Assess Manag 1:66-72.
50. Traas TP. 2001. Guidance document on deriving environmental risk limits. Bilthoven (NL): RIVM. Report 601501.012.
51. Van Straalen NM, Denneman CAJ. 1989. Ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality criteria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 18:241-251.
52. Verdonck FAM, Van Sprang PA, Vanrolleghem PA. 2005. Uncertainty and precaution in European environmental risk assessment of chemicals. Water Sci Technol 52:227-234.
53. Versteeg DJ, Belanger SE, Carr GJ. 1999. Understanding single-species and model ecosystem sensitivity: Data-based comparison. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:1329-1346.
54. Warne MSJ, Hawker DW. 1995. The number of components in a mixture determines whether synergistic and antagonistic or additive toxicity predominate-the funnel hypothesis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 31:23-28.