Rheology of non-Newtonian fluids containing glass fibers: A review of experimental literature

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 47, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 3470-3488

  Eberle, Aaron P R ^a   Baird, Donald G ^a   Wapperom, Peter ^b  

^a Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES; FIBER CONCENTRATION; FIBER ORIENTATION ANGLE; FIBER SUSPENSIONS; NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; NORMAL STRESSES; ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTIONS; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIORS; SHEAR RATES; SHEAR THINNING; STRESS-RELAXATION; SUSPENDING MEDIUM;

ASPECT RATIO; CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS; COLLOIDS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); ELASTICITY; FIBER OPTICS; FIBER REINFORCED MATERIALS; FLOW MEASUREMENT; FLUID DYNAMICS; FLUID MECHANICS; GLASS; GLASS FIBERS; LIQUIDS; NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS; NON NEWTONIAN FLOW; PLASTICITY; RHEOLOGY; SHEAR FLOW; SUSPENSIONS (FLUIDS); VISCOSITY; VISCOUS FLOW;

FIBERS;

EID: 49049101311     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie070800j     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Guo, R.; Azaiez, J.; Bellehumeur, C. Rheology of fiber filled polymer melts: Role of fiber - fiber interactions and polymer - fiber coupling. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2005, 385.
2. Ganani, E.; Powell, R. L. Suspensions of rodlike particles: Literature review and data correlations. J. Comput. Mater. 1985, 19, 194.
3. Zirnsak, M. A.; Hur, D. U.; Boger, D. V. Normal stresses in fibre suspensions. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1994, 54, 153.
4. Cech, V.; Prikryl, R.; Balkova, R.; Grycova, A.; Vanek, J. Plasma surface treatment and modification of glass fibers. Composites: Part A 2002, 33, 1367.
5. Brown, E. N.; Davis, A. K.; Jonnalagadda, K. D.; Sottos, N. R. Effect of surface treatment on the hydrolytic stability of E-glass fiber bundle tensile strength. Comput. Sci. Technol. 2005, 65, 129.
6. De, S. K.; White, J. R. Short Fibre-Polymer Composites; Woodhead Pub.: Cambridge, England, 1996.
7. Park, R.; Jang, J. Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical properties of glass fiber/vinylester composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 91, 3730.
8. Lee, W.-G.; Hsu, T.-C. J.; Su, A. C. Interphase morphology of liquid crystalline polymer/glass fiber composites: Effect of surface treatment. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 6551.
9. Kalaprasad, G.; Thomas, S.; Melt, rheological behavior of intimately mixed short sisal-glass hybrid fiber-reinforced low-density polyethylene composites. II. Chemical modification. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 89, 443.
10. Li, R.; Ye, L.; Mai, Y.-W. Application of plasma technologies in reinforced polymer composites: A review of recent developments. Composites: Part A 1997, 25, 73.
11. Doi, M.; Edwards, S. F. The Theory of Polymer Dynamics; Oxford University Press: New York, 1988.
12. Doi, M.; Kuzuu, N. Y. Non-linear elasticity of rodlike macromolecules in condensed state. J. Polym. Sci., Part B.: Polym. Phys. 1980, 18 (3), 409.
13. Doi, M.; Edwards, S. F. Dynamics of rod-like macromolecules in concentrated solution. Part 1. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1977, 74 (2), 560.
14. Batchelor, G. K. The stress generated in a non-dilute suspension of elongated particles by pure straining motion. J. Fluid Mech. 1971, 46, 813.
15. Flory, P. J. Phase equilibria in solutions of rod-like particles. Proc. R. Soc. London 1956, A234, 73.
16. Huq, A. M. A.; Azaiez, J. Effects of length distribution on the steady shear viscosity of semiconcentrated polymer-fiber suspensions. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2005, 45, 1357.
17. Kumar, K.; Bhatnagar, N.; Ghosh, A. Development of long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: Mechanical and morphological characteristics. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2007, 26 (3), 239.
18. Forgacs, O. L.; Mason, S. G.; Particle motions in sheared suspensions. IX. Spin and deformation of threadlike particles. J. Colloid Sci. 1958, 14, 457.
19. Qi, D.; Cheng, G. Fatigue behavior of filament-wound glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite tubes under tension/torsion biaxial loading. Polym. Compos. 2007, 28 (1), 116.
20. Ericsson, K. A.; Toll, S.; Manson, J.-A. Sliding plate rheometry of planar oriented concentrated fiber suspensions. Rheol. Acta 1997, 36, 397.
21. Blankeney, W. R. Viscosity of suspensions of straight rigid rods. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1966, 22 (4), 324.
22. Milliken, W. J.; Mondy, L. A.; Gottlieb, M.; Graham, A. L.; Powell, R. L. The viscosity volume fraction relation for suspensions of randomly oriented rods by falling ball rheometry. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1989, 202, 217.
23. Nawab, M. A.; Mason, S. G. The viscosity of dilute suspensions of thread-like particles. J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 1248.
24. Powell, R. L. Rheology of suspensions of rodlike particles. J. Stat. Phys. 1990, 62, 1073.
25. Attanasio, A.; Bernini, U.; Galloppo, P.; Segre, G. Significance of viscosity measurements in macroscopic suspensions of elongated particles. Trans. Soc. Rheol. 1972, 16, 147.
26. Mondy, L. A.; Geller, A. S.; Rader, D. J.; Ingber, M.; Boundary element method calculations of the mobility of nonsherical particles. 2. Branched chains and flakes. J. Aerosol Sci. 1996, 27 (4), 537.
27. Jeffery, G. B. The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid. Proc. R. Soc. London, A 1922, 102, 161.
28. Utracki, L. A. Two-Phase Polymer Systems; Oxford University Press: New York, 1991; p 277.
29. Sepehr, M.; Carreau, P. J.; Moan, M.; Ausias, G. Rheological properties of short fiber model suspensions. J. Rheol. 2004, 48 (5), 1023.
30. Owen, M. J. Flow, fiber orientation and mechanical property relationships in polyester DMC. Proc. 33rd SPI Conf. 1978.
31. Laun, H. M. Orientation effects and rheology of short glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1984, 262, 257.
32. Segre, G.; Silberberg, A.; Behaviour of macroscopic rigid spheres in Poiseuille flow. Part 1. Determination of local concentration by statistical analysis of particle passages through crossed light beams. J. Fluid Mech. 1962, 14, 115.
33. Segre, G.; Silberberg, A.; Behaviour of macroscopic rigid sqheres in Poiseuille flow. Part 2. Experimental results and interpretation. J. Fluid Mech. 1962, 14, 136.
34. Koh, C. J.; Hookham, P.; Leal, L. G. An experimental investigation of concentrated suspension flows in a rectangular channel. J. Fluid Mech. 1994, 266, 1.
35. Wu, S. Order-disorder transitions in the extrusion of fiber-filled polyethylene terephthalate) and blends. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1979, 19, 638.
36. Mondy, L. A.; Brenner, H.; Altobelli, S. A.; Abbott, J. R.; Graham, A. L. Shear-induced particle migration in suspensions of rods. J. Rheol. 1994, 38 (2), 444.
37. Becraft, M. L.; Metzner, A. B. The rheology, fiber orientation, and processing behavior of fiber-filled fluids. J. Rheol. 1991, 36 (1), 143.
38. Kalaprasad, G.; Mathew, G.; Pavithran, C.; Thomas, S.; Melt rheological behavior of intimately mixed shor sisal-glass hybric fiber-reinforced low-density polyethylene composites. I. Untreated fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 89, 432.
39. Burgers, J. M. On the motion of small particles of elongated form suspended in a viscous liquid. Second report on viscosity and plasticity, chap. 3. Ron. Ned. Akad. Wet. Verhand (Erste Sectie) 1938, 16 (4), 113.
40. Larson, R. G. The Strucuture and Rheology of Complex Fluids; Oxford University Press: New York, 1999.
41. Chaouche, M.; Koch, D. L. Rheology of non-Brownian rigid fiber suspensions with adhesive contacts. J. Rheol. 2001, 45 (2), 369.
42. Dealy, J. M. Official nomenclature for material functions describing the response of a viscoelastic fluid to various shearing and extensional deformations. J. Rheol. 1995, 39 (1), 253.
43. Ganani, E.; Powell, R. L. Rheological properties of rodlike particles in a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian fluid. J. Rheol. 1986, 30 (5), 995.
44. Han, C. D.; Lem, K. W. Rheology of unsaturated polyester resins. 1. Effects of filler and low-profile additive on the rheological behavior of unsaturated polyester resin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1983, 28 (2), 743.
45. Mobuchon, C.; Carreau, P. J.; Heuzey, M.-C.; Sepehr, M.; Ausias, G. Shear and extensional properties of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. Polym. Compos. 2005, 26 (3), 247.
46. Iso, Y.; Koch, D. L.; Cohen, C.; Orientation, in simple shear flow of semi-dilute fiber suspensions. 1. Weakly elastic fluids. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1996, 62 (2-3), 115.
47. Iso, Y.; Koch, D. L.; Cohen, C. Orientation in simple shear flow of semi-dilute fiber suspensions. 2. Highly elastic fluids. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1996, 62 (2-3), 135.
48. Mutel, A. T. Rheological behavior and fiber orientation in simple flow of glass fiber filled polypropylene melts. Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1989.
49. Macosko, C. W. Rheology Principles, Measurements, and Applications; Wiley-VCH: New York, 1994.
50. Baird, D. G.; Collias, D. I. Polymer Processing; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 1998.
51. Greene, J. P.; Wilkes, J. O. Steady-state and dynamic properties of concentrated fiber-filled thermoplastics. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1995, 35 (21), 1670.
52. Carter, L. F. A study of the rheology of suspensions of rod-shaped particles in a Navier-Stokes liquid. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1967.
53. Faitel'son, L. A.; Kovtun, V. P. Experimental study of simple shear flow of monodisperse fibrous composites. Polym. Mech. 1975, 11, 276.
54. Goto, S.; Nagazono, H.; Kato, H. The flow behavior of fiber suspensions in Newtonian fluids and polymer solutions. II: Capillary flow. Rheol. Acta 1986, 25, 246.
55. Kitano, T.; Katoaka, T. The rheology of suspensions of vinylon fibers in polymer liquids. I. Suspensions in silicone oil. Rheol Acta 1981, 20, 390.
56. Advani, S. G.; Tucker, C. L. The use of tensors to describe and predict fiber orientation in short fiber composites. J. Rheol. 1987, 31 (8), 751.
57. Dinh, S. M.; Armstrong, R. C. A rheological equation of state for semiconcentrated fiber suspensions. J. Rheol. 1984, 28 (3), 207.
58. Chan, Y.; White, J. L.; Oyanagi, Y. A fundamental study of the rheological properties of glass-fiber-reinforced polyethylene and polystyrene melts. J. Rheol. 1978, 22 (5), 507.
59. Kim, J. K.; Song, J. H. Rheological properties and fiber orientation of short fiber-reinforced plastics. J. Rheol. 1997, 41 (5), 1061.
60. Thomasset, J.; Carreau, P. J. Rheological properties of long glass fiber filled polypropylene. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2004, 125, 25.
61. Mondy, L. A.; Morrison, T. G.; Graham, A. L.; Powell, R. L. Measurements of the viscosites of suspensions of oriented rods using falling ball rheometry. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1990, 16 (4), 651.
62. Cox, W. P.; Merz, E. H. Correlation of dynamic and steady flow viscosities. J. Polym. Sci. 1958, 28, 619.
63. Mutel, A. T.; Kamal, M. R. The effect of glass fibers on the rheological behavior of polypropylene melts between rotating parallel plates. Polym. Compos. 1984, 5 (1), 29.
64. Drozdov, A. D.; Al-Mulla, A.; Gupta, R. K. The viscoelastic behavior of melts of virgin and recycled polycarbonate reinforced with short glass fibers. Mech. Res. Commun. 2003, 30, 595.
65. Kitano, T.; Kataoka, T.; Nagatsuka, Y. Dynamic flow properties of vinylon fiber and glass-fiber reinforced polyethylene melts. Rheol. Acta 1984, 23 (4), 408.
66. Sepehr, M.; Ausias, G.; Carreau, P. J. Rheological properties of short fiber filled polypropylene in transient shear flow. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2004, 123, 19.
67. Ramazani, A.; Ait-Kadi, A.; Grmela, M. Rheology of fiber suspensions in viscoelastic media: Experiments and model predictions. J. Rheol. 2001, 45 (4), 945.
68. Ivanov, Y.; VanDeVen, T. G. M.; Mason, S. G.; Damped oscillations in the viscosity of suspensions of rigid rods. I. Monomodal suspensions. J. Rheol. 1982, 26 (2), 213.
69. Okagawa, A.; Cox, R. G.; Mason, S. G.; The kinetics of flowing dispersions. VI. Transient orientation and rheological phenomena of rods and discs in shear flow. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1973, 45, 303.
70. Ausias, G.; Agassant, J. F.; Vincent, M. Rheology of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. J. Rheol. 1992, 36 (4), 525.
71. Meissner, J.; Stephenson, S. E.; Demarmels, A.; Portman, P. Multiaxial elongational flows of polymer melts-classification and experimental realization. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1982, 11 (3-4), 221.
72. Mewis, J.; Metzner, A. B. The rheological properties of suspensions of fibers in Newtonian fluids subjected to extensional deformations. J. Fluid Mech. 1974, 62, 593.
73. Weinberger, G. B.; Goddard, J. D. Extensional flow behavior of polymer solutions and particle suspensions in spinning motion. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1974, 1, 465.
74. Kamal, M. R.; Mutel, A. T.; Utracki, L. A. Elongational behavior of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene melts. Polym. Compos. 1984, 5, 289.
75. Creasy, T. S.; Advani, S. G. Transient rheological behavior of a long discontinuous fiber-melt system. J. Rheol. 1996, 40 (4), 497.
76. Binding, D. M. An approximate analysis for contraction and converging flows. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1988, 27, 173.
77. Cogswell, F. N. Converging flow of polymer melts in extrusion dies. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1972, 12, 64.
78. Zhang, W.; Komoto, S.; Takahashi, M.; White, J. Biaxial extensional flow behavior and fiber dispersion and orientation in short glass fiber filled polypropylene melts. J. Soc. Rheol., Jpn. 2001, 29 (3), 111.
79. Creasy, T. S.; Advani, S. G. A model long-discontinuous-fiber filled thermoplastic melt in extensional flow. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1997, 73, 261.
80. Crowson, R. J.; Folkes, M. J.; Bright, P. F. Rheology of short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics and its application to injection molding. I. Fiber motions and viscosity measurements. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1980, 20, 925.
81. Knuttson, B. A.; White, J. L. Rheological and extrusion characteristics of glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1981, 26, 2347.