메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 2900-2909

Emission characterization and evaluation of natural gas-fueled cogeneration microturbines and internal combustion engines

Author keywords

Cogeneration; Distributed generation; Internal combustion engines; Local and global environmental impact; Microturbines

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; CONSERVATION; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; GALERKIN METHODS; GAS INDUSTRY; GASES; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; LEAKAGE (FLUID); NATURAL GAS; POWER GENERATION;

EID: 48849097108     PISSN: 01968904     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2008.03.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (103)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 48849094416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IEEE, IEEE Standard 1547 "IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems", New York, 28th July 2003.
    • The IEEE, IEEE Standard 1547 "IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems", New York, 28th July 2003.
  • 6
    • 0032210265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energetic feasibility of CHP compared to the separate production of heat and power
    • Martens A. The energetic feasibility of CHP compared to the separate production of heat and power. Appl Thermal Eng 18 (1998) 935-946
    • (1998) Appl Thermal Eng , vol.18 , pp. 935-946
    • Martens, A.1
  • 7
    • 48849106541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cogeneration Website, July 2007. Available from: www.cogeneration.com.
    • Cogeneration Website, July 2007. Available from: www.cogeneration.com.
  • 8
    • 48849087912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EDUCOGEN. The European educational tool on cogeneration, December 2001. Available from: www.cogen.org/projects/educogen.htm.
    • EDUCOGEN. The European educational tool on cogeneration, December 2001. Available from: www.cogen.org/projects/educogen.htm.
  • 9
    • 48849111775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hanssen JH et al. Operating experiences from 18 microturbine applications for CHP and industrial purposes. Danish Gas Technology Centre, Conference paper C0404, July 2007. Available from: http://www.dgc.eu/publi2.htm.
    • Hanssen JH et al. Operating experiences from 18 microturbine applications for CHP and industrial purposes. Danish Gas Technology Centre, Conference paper C0404, July 2007. Available from: http://www.dgc.eu/publi2.htm.
  • 10
    • 48849093433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Energy. Strategic plan for distributed energy resources. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and Office of Fossil Energy, Washington, DC, 2000. Available from: http://www.eren.doe.gov/der/documents_resources.html [July 2007].
    • US Department of Energy. Strategic plan for distributed energy resources. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and Office of Fossil Energy, Washington, DC, 2000. Available from: http://www.eren.doe.gov/der/documents_resources.html [July 2007].
  • 11
    • 13844253935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cogeneration: a regulatory framework toward growth
    • Cardona E., and Piacentino A. Cogeneration: a regulatory framework toward growth. Energy Policy 33 (2005) 2100-2111
    • (2005) Energy Policy , vol.33 , pp. 2100-2111
    • Cardona, E.1    Piacentino, A.2
  • 12
    • 48849111618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Union. Directive 2004/8/CE (February, the 11th 2004) of the European Parliament and the Council, on the promotion of cogeneration based upon a request of useful heat on the internal energy market and which modifies the Directive 92/42/CE.
    • European Union. Directive 2004/8/CE (February, the 11th 2004) of the European Parliament and the Council, on the promotion of cogeneration based upon a request of useful heat on the internal energy market and which modifies the Directive 92/42/CE.
  • 13
    • 48849090819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AEEG, Italian Authority for Electrical Energy and Gas, July 2007. Website www.autorita.energia.it.
    • AEEG, Italian Authority for Electrical Energy and Gas, July 2007. Website www.autorita.energia.it.
  • 14
    • 0036525746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co- and tri-generation contribution to climate change control
    • Meunier F. Co- and tri-generation contribution to climate change control. Appl Thermal Eng 22 (2002) 703-718
    • (2002) Appl Thermal Eng , vol.22 , pp. 703-718
    • Meunier, F.1
  • 15
    • 48849091539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bickel P, Friedrich R, editors. ExternE: externalities of energy. Methodology 2005 update (ISBN 92-79-00423-9), European Communities; 2005.
    • Bickel P, Friedrich R, editors. ExternE: externalities of energy. Methodology 2005 update (ISBN 92-79-00423-9), European Communities; 2005.
  • 16
    • 0033502738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental impacts of energy
    • Dincer I. Environmental impacts of energy. Energy Policy 27 (1999) 845-854
    • (1999) Energy Policy , vol.27 , pp. 845-854
    • Dincer, I.1
  • 17
    • 33646075109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social choice, uncertainty about external costs and trade-off between intergenerational environmental impacts: the emblematic case of gas-based energy supply decentralization
    • Gulli F. Social choice, uncertainty about external costs and trade-off between intergenerational environmental impacts: the emblematic case of gas-based energy supply decentralization. Ecol Econom 57 (2006) 282-305
    • (2006) Ecol Econom , vol.57 , pp. 282-305
    • Gulli, F.1
  • 18
    • 0036645128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encouraging distributed generation of power that improves air quality: can we have our cake and eat it too?
    • Allison J., and Lents J. Encouraging distributed generation of power that improves air quality: can we have our cake and eat it too?. Energy Policy 30 (2002) 737-752
    • (2002) Energy Policy , vol.30 , pp. 737-752
    • Allison, J.1    Lents, J.2
  • 19
    • 48849093243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed Energy Resources Emissions Survey and Technology Characterization, E21, Palo Alto, CA, Ameren, St. Louis, MO, California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA, New York Independent System Operator, Albany, NY, and New York Power Authority, White Plains, NY, July 2007. Available from: http://www.epriweb.com/public/000000000001011256.pdf.
    • Distributed Energy Resources Emissions Survey and Technology Characterization, E21, Palo Alto, CA, Ameren, St. Louis, MO, California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA, New York Independent System Operator, Albany, NY, and New York Power Authority, White Plains, NY, July 2007. Available from: http://www.epriweb.com/public/000000000001011256.pdf.
  • 20
    • 48849109256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kristensen PG, Jensen JK, Nielse M, Illerup JB. Emission factor for gas fired CHP units <25 MW. Danish Gas Technology Centre, Conference Paper C0402, July 2007. Available from: http://www.dgc.eu/publi2.htm.
    • Kristensen PG, Jensen JK, Nielse M, Illerup JB. Emission factor for gas fired CHP units <25 MW. Danish Gas Technology Centre, Conference Paper C0402, July 2007. Available from: http://www.dgc.eu/publi2.htm.
  • 21
    • 48849088095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canova A, Chicco G, Genon G, Mancarella P. Environmental impact of small-scale distributed cogeneration systems. In: Proceedings of the VI world energy system conference, Torino, Italy, July 10-12, 2006. p. 689-96.
    • Canova A, Chicco G, Genon G, Mancarella P. Environmental impact of small-scale distributed cogeneration systems. In: Proceedings of the VI world energy system conference, Torino, Italy, July 10-12, 2006. p. 689-96.
  • 22
    • 33344454892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential cogeneration systems: review of the current technologies
    • Onovwiona H.I., and Ugursal V.I. Residential cogeneration systems: review of the current technologies. Renewab Sustain Energy Rev 10 (2006) 389-431
    • (2006) Renewab Sustain Energy Rev , vol.10 , pp. 389-431
    • Onovwiona, H.I.1    Ugursal, V.I.2
  • 23
    • 48849098247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. 1997 National air quality: status and trends. Published by Office of Air & Solutions, July 2007. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd97/brochure.
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. 1997 National air quality: status and trends. Published by Office of Air & Solutions, July 2007. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd97/brochure.
  • 24
    • 0001355962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCA - how it came about, the beginning in the UK
    • Boustead I. LCA - how it came about, the beginning in the UK. Int J Life Cycle Assess 1 (1996) 147-150
    • (1996) Int J Life Cycle Assess , vol.1 , pp. 147-150
    • Boustead, I.1
  • 25
    • 1842479938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment. Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications
    • Rebitzer G., Ekvall T., Frischknecht R., Hunkeler D., Norris G., Rydberg T., et al. Life cycle assessment. Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environ Int 30 (2004) 701-720
    • (2004) Environ Int , vol.30 , pp. 701-720
    • Rebitzer, G.1    Ekvall, T.2    Frischknecht, R.3    Hunkeler, D.4    Norris, G.5    Rydberg, T.6
  • 26
    • 48849093059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mancarella P. From cogeneration to trigeneration: energy planning and evaluation in a competitive market framework. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; 2006.
    • Mancarella P. From cogeneration to trigeneration: energy planning and evaluation in a competitive market framework. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; 2006.
  • 27
    • 48849099739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. Catalogue of CHP Technologies, July 2007. Available from: www.epa.gov.
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. Catalogue of CHP Technologies, July 2007. Available from: www.epa.gov.
  • 29
    • 4544360514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x content and CO content in thermo power plants flue gases
    • x content and CO content in thermo power plants flue gases. Energy Convers Manage 46 (2005) 47-59
    • (2005) Energy Convers Manage , vol.46 , pp. 47-59
    • Cârdu, M.1    Baica, M.2
  • 30
    • 0036826950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding the GreenHouse gas emissions of thermopower plants
    • Cârdu M., and Baica M. Regarding the GreenHouse gas emissions of thermopower plants. Energy Convers Manage 43 (2002) 2135-2144
    • (2002) Energy Convers Manage , vol.43 , pp. 2135-2144
    • Cârdu, M.1    Baica, M.2
  • 32
    • 1942467207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical prediction of non-methane gaseous emissions from natural gas combustion
    • Sonibare J.A., and Akeredolu F.A. A theoretical prediction of non-methane gaseous emissions from natural gas combustion. Energy Policy 32 (2004) 1653-1665
    • (2004) Energy Policy , vol.32 , pp. 1653-1665
    • Sonibare, J.A.1    Akeredolu, F.A.2
  • 33
    • 31344442046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism for hydrocarbon combustion
    • Petrova M.V., and Williams F.A. A small detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism for hydrocarbon combustion. Combust flame 144 (2006) 526-544
    • (2006) Combust flame , vol.144 , pp. 526-544
    • Petrova, M.V.1    Williams, F.A.2
  • 34
    • 0033151714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments
    • x and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments. Atmosph Environ 33 (1999) 1821-1845
    • (1999) Atmosph Environ , vol.33 , pp. 1821-1845
    • Sillman, S.1
  • 35
    • 0026616156 scopus 로고
    • Photochemical ozone creation potentials: a study of different concepts
    • Andersson-Skold Y., Grenfelt P., and Pleijel K. Photochemical ozone creation potentials: a study of different concepts. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 42 (1991) 1152-1158
    • (1991) J Air Waste Manage Assoc , vol.42 , pp. 1152-1158
    • Andersson-Skold, Y.1    Grenfelt, P.2    Pleijel, K.3
  • 36
    • 48849084462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrov AY, Zaltash A, Rizy TD, Labinov SD. Environmental aspects of operation of a gas-fired microturbine-based CHP system. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report, 2001. Available from: http://www.ornl.gov/ ~ webworks/cppr/y2001/pres/115331.pdf [July 2007].
    • Petrov AY, Zaltash A, Rizy TD, Labinov SD. Environmental aspects of operation of a gas-fired microturbine-based CHP system. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report, 2001. Available from: http://www.ornl.gov/ ~ webworks/cppr/y2001/pres/115331.pdf [July 2007].
  • 37
    • 48849097039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lozza G. Gas turbines and combined cycles. Bologna: Esculapio, Progetto Leonardo, Italy; 2000 [in Italian].
    • Lozza G. Gas turbines and combined cycles. Bologna: Esculapio, Progetto Leonardo, Italy; 2000 [in Italian].
  • 38
    • 0343826801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion technology developments in power generation in response to environmental challenges
    • Beér J.M. Combustion technology developments in power generation in response to environmental challenges. Prog Energy Combust Sci 26 (2000) 301-327
    • (2000) Prog Energy Combust Sci , vol.26 , pp. 301-327
    • Beér, J.M.1
  • 39
    • 48849104398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, IPPC Bureau. Reference document on best available techniques for large combustion plants, July 2006. p. 462-8.
    • European Commission, IPPC Bureau. Reference document on best available techniques for large combustion plants, July 2006. p. 462-8.
  • 40
    • 34147103920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x control on energy-efficiency power generation
    • x control on energy-efficiency power generation. Energy Policy 35 (2007) 3898-3908
    • (2007) Energy Policy , vol.35 , pp. 3898-3908
    • Graus, W.H.J.1    Worrell, E.2
  • 41
    • 0001875401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x options in catalytic combustion and emission control
    • x options in catalytic combustion and emission control. Catal Today 35 (1997) 27-36
    • (1997) Catal Today , vol.35 , pp. 27-36
    • Burch, R.1
  • 42
    • 48849103403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors, January 1995, 5th ed. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42 [July 2007].
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors, January 1995, 5th ed. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42 [July 2007].
  • 43
    • 48849103573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse Gas Technology Center. Environmental technology verification report: Capstone 60 kW microturbine CHP system, September 2003. Available from: http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/EPA-C60testreport.pdf [July 2007].
    • Greenhouse Gas Technology Center. Environmental technology verification report: Capstone 60 kW microturbine CHP system, September 2003. Available from: http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/EPA-C60testreport.pdf [July 2007].
  • 44
    • 48849104082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse Gas Technology Center. Greenhouse gas (GHG) verification guideline series: natural gas-fired microturbine electrical generators, March 2002. Available from: http://www.sri-rtp.com/Protocols/03_vp_ngfmec.pdf [July 2007].
    • Greenhouse Gas Technology Center. Greenhouse gas (GHG) verification guideline series: natural gas-fired microturbine electrical generators, March 2002. Available from: http://www.sri-rtp.com/Protocols/03_vp_ngfmec.pdf [July 2007].
  • 45
    • 33747029944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission from distributed vs. centralized generation: the importance of system performance
    • Strachan N., and Farrell A. Emission from distributed vs. centralized generation: the importance of system performance. Energy Policy 34 (2006) 2677-2689
    • (2006) Energy Policy , vol.34 , pp. 2677-2689
    • Strachan, N.1    Farrell, A.2
  • 48
    • 18844417670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural gas and the environment results of life cycle assessment
    • Riva A., D'Angelosante S., and Trebeschi A. Natural gas and the environment results of life cycle assessment. Energy 31 (2006) 138-148
    • (2006) Energy , vol.31 , pp. 138-148
    • Riva, A.1    D'Angelosante, S.2    Trebeschi, A.3
  • 49
    • 13844264145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle GHG emission analysis of power generation systems: Japanese case
    • Hondo H. Life cycle GHG emission analysis of power generation systems: Japanese case. Energy 30 (2005) 2042-2056
    • (2005) Energy , vol.30 , pp. 2042-2056
    • Hondo, H.1
  • 50
    • 33645404133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCA of multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic systems - Part 1: Present situation and future perspectives
    • Koroneos C., Stylos N., and Moussiopoulos N. LCA of multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic systems - Part 1: Present situation and future perspectives. Int J Life Cycle Assess 11 (2006) 129-136
    • (2006) Int J Life Cycle Assess , vol.11 , pp. 129-136
    • Koroneos, C.1    Stylos, N.2    Moussiopoulos, N.3
  • 51
    • 34247135826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life cycle assessment and energy pay-back time of advanced photovoltaic modules: CdTe and CIS compared to poly-Si
    • Raugei M., Bargigli S., and Ulgiati S. Life cycle assessment and energy pay-back time of advanced photovoltaic modules: CdTe and CIS compared to poly-Si. Energy 32 (2007) 1310-1318
    • (2007) Energy , vol.32 , pp. 1310-1318
    • Raugei, M.1    Bargigli, S.2    Ulgiati, S.3
  • 52
    • 0003687786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model analyses for sustainable energy supply taking resource and environmental constraints into considerations
    • Matsuhashi R., Hikita K., and Ishitani H. Model analyses for sustainable energy supply taking resource and environmental constraints into considerations. Energy Convers Manage 37 (1996) 1253-1258
    • (1996) Energy Convers Manage , vol.37 , pp. 1253-1258
    • Matsuhashi, R.1    Hikita, K.2    Ishitani, H.3
  • 54
    • 10044263402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-criteria life cycle assessment of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) - a comparison to natural gas turbines
    • Raugei M., Bargigli S., and Ulgiati S. A multi-criteria life cycle assessment of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) - a comparison to natural gas turbines. Int J Hydrogen Energy 30 (2005) 123-130
    • (2005) Int J Hydrogen Energy , vol.30 , pp. 123-130
    • Raugei, M.1    Bargigli, S.2    Ulgiati, S.3
  • 55
    • 33846448483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution reduction via use of green energy sources for electricity and hydrogen production
    • Granovskii M., Dincer I., and Rosen M.A. Air pollution reduction via use of green energy sources for electricity and hydrogen production. Atmosph Environ 41 (2007) 1777-1783
    • (2007) Atmosph Environ , vol.41 , pp. 1777-1783
    • Granovskii, M.1    Dincer, I.2    Rosen, M.A.3
  • 56
    • 0034746726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-cycle assessment of fuel cell stacks
    • Pehnt M. Life-cycle assessment of fuel cell stacks. Int J Hydrogen Energy 26 (2001) 91-101
    • (2001) Int J Hydrogen Energy , vol.26 , pp. 91-101
    • Pehnt, M.1
  • 57
    • 6344280842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCA of a molten carbonate fuel cell system
    • Lunghi P., Bove R., and Desideri U. LCA of a molten carbonate fuel cell system. J Power Sources 137 (2004) 239-247
    • (2004) J Power Sources , vol.137 , pp. 239-247
    • Lunghi, P.1    Bove, R.2    Desideri, U.3
  • 58
    • 23844518691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental assessment of biogas co- or tri-generation units by life cycle analysis methodology
    • Chevalier C., and Meunier F. Environmental assessment of biogas co- or tri-generation units by life cycle analysis methodology. Appl Thermal Eng 25 (2005) 3025-3041
    • (2005) Appl Thermal Eng , vol.25 , pp. 3025-3041
    • Chevalier, C.1    Meunier, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.