The Reek of Cruelty and the Quest for Healing—Where Retributive and Restorative Justice Meet

Journal of Law and Religion

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 165-187

  Villa Vicencio, Charles ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 48849094386     PISSN: 07480814     EISSN: 21633088     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1051783     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Primo Levi, The Truce in Albert A Friedlander, ed, Out of the Whirlwind: A Reader of Holocaust Literature 426 (Schocken Books, 1976). Emphasis added.
2. Carlos Nino, Radical Evil on Trial 7 (Yale U Press, 1996).
3. Martha Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness 12 (Beacon Press, 1998).
4. Susan Jacoby, Wild Justice: The Evolution of Revenge 10 (Harper & Row, 1983).
5. J.L. Mackie, Morality and the Retributive Emotions, Criminal Justice Ethics 3–9 (1982).
6. Jeffrie Murphy & Jean Hampton, eds, Forgiveness and Mercy 135 (Cambridge U Press, 1994).
7. Donald Shriver, An Ethic for Enemies: Forgiveness in Politics 13 (Oxford U Press, 1995).
8. B. Malinowski, Myth in Primitive Psychology in Myth, Science and Religion and Other Essays 101 (Negro U Press, 1971).
9. Cited in Timothy Gorringe, God's Just Vengeance 11 (Cambridge U Press, 1996).
10. Id. See also Shriver, An Ethic for Enemies (cited in note 7) both on the Christian tradition and on Greek mythological reflections on die vengeance of die gods.
11. Harold Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Tradition (Harv U Press, 1983).
12. Martin Luther, An Open Letter to The Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate, in 2 Works of Martin Luther (A.J. Holman Co, intro & trans by C.M. Jacobs, 1915).
13. Cape Times (July 1, 1999).
14. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morals (Random House, 1969).
15. Id at 25.
16. Id at 22.
17. Adolf von Harnack, 6 History of Dogma 76 (Williams & Norgate, 1897)
18. Gorringe, God's Just Vengeance at 101 (cited in note 8).
19. Shriver, An Ethic for Enemies at 46 (cited in note 7).
20. Id at 49.
21. Levi, The Truce (cited in note 1).
22. H.L.A. Hart, Punishment and Responsibility 255 (Clarendon Press, 1968).
23. Also, Gorringe, God's Just Vengeance at 23 (cited in note 8).
24. Nino, Radical Evil on Trial at 143, 160 (cited in note 2). Emphasis added.
25. Murphy & Hampton, Forgiveness and Mercy at 130 (cited in note 6).
26. John R. Bolton, The Global Prosecutors: Hunting War Criminals in the Name of Utopia, 78 For Affairs 157–64 (1999).
27. Lon Fuller, Positivism and the Fidelity to Law—A Reply to Professor Hart 71 Harv L Rev 630, 642 (1958).
28. Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire 413 (Belknap Press of Harv U Press, 1986).
29. Nino, Radical Evil on Trial at 161 (cited in note 2). The conceptual and practical difficulties involved in this situation are developed by Nino.
30. Murphy & Hampton, Forgiveness and Mercy at 126 (cited in note 6).
31. Nino, Radical Evil on Trial at 7 (cited in note 2). Emphasis added.
32. Dianne Orentlicher, Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime 100 Yale L J 2537 (1991).
33. Martha Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness 87 (Beacon Press, 1998).
34. See also Michael Marrus, History and the Holocaust in the Courtroom, a paper delivered at the conference, Searching for Memory and Justice: The Holocaust and Apartheid at Yale U, Feb 8–10, 1998 (copy on file with the author).
35. Fuller, Positivism and the Fidelity to Law at 666 (cited in note 24).
36. Dworkin, Law's Empire at 413 (cited in note 25).
37. See Mark Kelman, A Guide to Critical Legal Studies (Harv U Press, 1987).
38. Deterrent justice, rehabilitative justice, compensatory justice, justice given to the affirmation of human dignity and justice as exoneration are discussed within the context of retributive and restorative justice in my Restorative Justice article in C. Villa-Vicencio & W. Verwoerd, eds, Looking Back/Reaching Forward (U Cape Town Press, 2000).
39. Orentlicher, Settling Accounts at 2596 (cited in note 30).
40. Paul van Zyl, Justice Without Punishment: Guaranteeing Human Rights in Transitional Societies, in Villa-Vicencio & Verwoerd, Looking Back/Reaching Forward (cited in note 36).
41. Rome Statute, art 75.2.
42. See Mahomed J, AZAPO and Others v the President of the RSA and Others, 1996 (8) BCLR 1015 (CC). In a unanimous ruling, Mahomed DP stated that the country “has neither the resources nor the skills to reverse fully [the] massive wrongs” of the past. He argued that the resources of the state have to be deployed imaginatively, wisely, efficiently and equitably, to facilitate the reconstruction process in a manner which best brings relief and hope to the widest sections of the community, developing for the benefit of the entire nation the latent human potential and resources of every person who has directly and indirectly been burdened with the heritage of the shame and the pain of our racist past.
43. See Rome Statute, art 79.
44. See also unpublished paper presented by Judge Richard Goldstone, Truth Commissions and Tribunals: Contradictory or Complementary in Geneva, Dec 1998 (copy on file with the author).
45. Zakes Mda, The Ugly Truth Behind SA Crime (Mail & Guardian, July 2–8, 1999).
46. Richard Wilson, The Sizwe Will Not Go Away: the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Human Rights and Nation-Building in South Africa, 55 African Studies 14–18 (1998).
47. Alex Boraine, Dealing with the Past 15 (IDASA, 1994).
48. Jonathan Allen, Balancing Justice and Social Unity: Political Theory and the Idea of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (unpublished paper on file with the author).
49. Mahomed J, AZAPO and Others v the President of the RSA and Others at ¶ 21 (cited in note 41).
50. In a joint sitting of Parliament to debate the Report of the TRC on Feb 25, 1999.
51. Shriver, An Ethic for Enemies at 83 (cited in note 7).
52. Id at 84.