Critical turbulence revisited: The impact of submesoscale vertical mixing on plankton patchiness

Journal of Marine Research

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 61-85

  Omta, Anne Willem ^a   Kooijman, S A L M ^a   Dijkstra, H A ^b  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; GROWTH RATE; HYDRODYNAMICS; MESOSCALE EDDY; PATCHINESS; PHYTOPLANKTON; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; TURBULENCE; VERTICAL MIXING;

EID: 48749119717     PISSN: 00222402     EISSN: 15439542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1357/002224008784815766     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abraham, E. R. 1998. The generation of plankton patchiness by turbulent stirring. Nature, 391, 577-580.
2. Abraham, E. R., C. S. Law, P. W. Boyd, S. J. Lavender, M. T. Maldonado and A. R. Bowie. 2000. Importance of stirring in the development of an iron-fertilized phytoplankton bloom. Nature, 407, 727-730.
3. Boyd, P. W., A. J. Watson, C. S. Law, E. R. Abraham, T. Trull, R. Murdoch, D. C. E. Bakker, A. R. Bowie, K. O. Buesseler, H. Chang, M. Charette, P. Croot, K. Downing, R. Frew, M. Gall, M. Hadfield, J. Hall, M. Harvey, G. Jameson, J. LaRoche, M. Liddicoat, R. Ling, M. T. Maldonado, R. M. McKay, S. Nodder, S. Pickmere, R. Pridmore, S. Rintoul, K. Safi, P. Sutton, R. Strzepek, K. Tanneberger, S. Turner, A. Waite and J. Zeldis. 2000. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilisation. Nature, 407, 695-702.
4. Charney, J. G. 1947. The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current. J. Meteor., 4, 135-163.
5. Drijfhout, S. S. 2003. Why anticyclones can split. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 1579-1591.
6. Dubois, D. M. and Y. Adam. 1976. Spatial structuration of diffusive prey-predator biological populations: simulation of the horizontal distribution of plankton in the North Sea, in System Simulation in Water Resources, G. C. Vansteenkiste, ed., Amsterdam. North Holland, 343-356.
7. Eady, E. T. 1949. Long waves and cyclone waves. Tellus, 1, 258-277.
8. Fennel, K. 2001. The generation of phytoplankton patchiness by mesoscale current patterns. Ocean Dyn., 52, 58-70.
9. Flierl, G. R. and C. S. Davis. 1993. Biological effects of Gulf Stream meandering. J. Mar. Res., 51, 529-560.
10. Flierl, G. and D. J. McGillicuddy. 2002. Mesoscale and submesoscale physical-biological interactions, in The Sea (12), A. R. Robinson, J. J. McCarthy, and B. J. Rothschild, eds, Wiley, New York.
11. Hardy, A. C. 1936. The continuous plankton recorder. Discovery Reports, 11, 457-510.
12. Huisman, J., P. van Oostveen and F. J. Weissing. 1999. Critical depth and critical turbulence: Two different mechanisms for the development of phytoplankton blooms. Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1781-1787.
13. Hundsdorfer, W. and J. G. Verwer. 2003. Numerical Solution of Time-Dependent Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1st edition.
14. Kierstead, H. and L. B. Slobodkin. 1953. The size of water masses containing plankton blooms. J. Mar. Res., 12, 141-147.
15. Kooijman, S. A. L. M. 2000. Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
16. Kooijman, S. A. L. M., H. A. Dijkstra and B. W. Kooi. 2002. Light-induced mass turnover in a mono-species community of mixotrophs. J. Theoretical Biol., 214, 233-254.
17. Legg, S., J. McWilliams and J. Gao. 1998. Localization of deep convection by a mesoscale eddy. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 944-970.
18. Leonard, B. P. and S. Mokhtari. 1990. Beyond first-order upwinding: the ultra-sharp alternative for non-oscillatory steady-state simulation of convection. Intl. J. Num. Methods in Eng., 30, 729-766.
19. Levin, S. A. and L. A. Segel. 1976. Hypothesis for the origin of plankton patchiness. Nature, 259, 659.
20. Lévy, M. 2003. Mesoscale variability of phytoplankton and of new production: Impact of the large-scale nutrient distribution. J. Geophy. Res., 108, 22.
21. Lévy, M., P. Klein and A. M. Treguier. 2001. Impacts of sub-mesoscale physics on phytoplankton production and subduction. J. Mar. Res., 59, 535-565.
22. Martin, A. P. 2003. Phytoplankton patchiness: the role of lateral stirring and mixing. Prog. Oceanogr., 57, 125-174.
23. McGillicuddy, D. J. and A. R. Robinson. 1997. Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 1, 44, 1359-1398.
24. McGillicuddy, D. J., A. R. Robinson and J. J. McCarthy. 1995. Coupled physical and biological modeling of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic: (II) three-dimensional bloom and post-bloom effects. Deep-Sea Res. 1, 42, 1359-1398.
25. McGillicuddy, D. J., A. R. Robinson, D. A. Siegel, H. W. Jannasch, R. Johnson, T. D. Dickey, J. McNeil, A. F. Michaels and A. H. Knap. 1998. Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea. Nature, 394, 263-266.
26. Miller, A. J., M. A. Alexander, G. J. Boer, F. Chai, K. Denman, R. Frouin, A. J. Gabric, E. A. Laws, M. R. Lewis, Z. Liu, R. Murtugudde, S. Nakamoto, D. J. Neilson, J. R. Norris, J. C. Ohlmann, R. I. Perry, N. Schneider, K. M. Shell and A. Timmermann. 2003. Potential feedbacks between pacific ocean ecosystems and interdecadal climate variations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 617-633.
27. Molemaker, M. J. and H. A. Dijkstra. 2000. Stability of a cold-core eddy in the presence of convection: hydrostatic versus nonhydrostatic modeling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 475-494.
28. Morel, A. and D. Antoine. 1994. Heating rate within the upper ocean in relation to its bio-optical state. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1652-1665.
29. Niiler, P. P. 1969. On the Ekman divergence in an oceanic jet. J. Geophys. Res., 74, 7048-7056.
30. Noh, Y., W. G. Cheon and S. Raasch. 2003. The role of preconditioning in the evolution of open-ocean deep convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 1145-1166.
31. Olson, D. B. 1986. Lateral exchange within gulf stream warm-core ring surface layers. Deep-Sea Res., 33, 1691-1704.
32. Omta, A. W., J. Bruggeman, S. A. L. M. Kooijman and H. A. Dijkstra. 2006. The biological carbon pump revisited: feedback mechanisms between climate and the redfield ratio. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L 14613, doi: 10.1029/2006 GL026313.
33. Omta, A. W., S. A. L. M. Kooijman and H. A. Dijkstra. 2007. The influence of (sub-)mesoscale eddies on the soft-tissue carbon pump. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 112, C11009, doi: 10.1029/2007 JC004189.
34. Petrovskii, S. V. 1999. On the plankton front waves accelerated by marine turbulence. J. Mar. Sys., 21, 179-188.
35. Petrovskii, S. V. and H. Malchow. 1999. A minimal model of pattern formation in a prey-predator system. Math. Comp. Model., 29, 49-63.
36. Petrovskii, S. V. and H. Malchow. 2001. Wave of chaos: new mechanism of pattern formation in spatio-temporal population dynamics. Theor. Pop. Biol., 59, 157-174.
37. Rothschild, B. J. and J. S. Ault. 1996. Population-dynamic instability as a cause of patch structure. Ecol. Model., 93, 237-249.
38. Sathyendranath, S., A. D. Gouveia, S. R. Shetye, P. Ravindran and T. Platt. 1991. Biological control of surface temperature in the arabian sea. Nature, 349, 54-56.
39. Seuront, L., F. Schmitt, Y. Lagadeuc, D. Schertzer, S. Lovejoy and S. Frontier. 1996. Multifractal analysis of phytoplankton biomass and temperature in the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3591-3594.
40. Seuront, L., F. Schmitt, Y. Lagadeuc, D. Schertzer and S. Lovejoy. 1999. Universal multifractal analysis as a tool to characterize multiscale intermittent patterns: example of phytoplankton distribution in turbulent coastal waters. J. Plank. Res., 21, 877-922.
41. Skellam, J. G. 1951. Random dispersal in theoretical populations. Biometrika, 38, 196-218.
42. Smith, R. C., X. Zhang and J. Michaelsen. 1988. Variability of pigment biomass in the california current system as determined by satellite imagery. 1. spatial variability. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10863-10882.
43. Spall, S.A. andK.J. Richards. 2000. A numerical model of mesoscale frontal instabilities and plankton dynamics: I. model formulation and initial experiments. Deep-Sea Res. I, 47, 1261-1301.
44. Stern, M. E. 1965. Interaction of a uniform wind stress with a geostrophic vortex. Deep-Sea Res., 12, 355-367.
45. Strass, V. H. 1992. Chlorophyll patchiness caused by mesoscale upwelling at fronts. Deep-Sea Res. A, 39, 75-96.
46. Sverdrup, H. U. 1953. On conditions of the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. J. Conseil International Pour l'exploration de la met, 18, 287-295.
47. Tél, T., A. de Moura, C. Grebogi and G. Károlyi. 2005. Chemical and biological activity in open flows: A dynamical system approach. Physics Rep., 413, 91-196.
48. Turing, A. M. 1952. The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B, 237, 37-72.
49. Woods, J. 1988. Mesoscale upwelling and primary production, in Toward a Theory on Biological-Physical Interactions in the World Ocean, B. Rothschild, ed., Dordrecht. D. Reidel.