Investigation of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal unit and review of the literature

Journal of Hospital Infection

Volumn 70, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 7-14

  Dalben, M ^a   Varkulja, G ^a   Basso, M ^a   Krebs, V L J ^a   Gibelli, M A ^a   van der Heijden, I ^a   Rossi, F ^a   Duboc, G ^a   Levin, A S ^a   Costa, S F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Enterobacter cloacae; Neonate; Outbreak; Sepsis

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; AMIKACIN; AMINOPHYLLINE; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFALOTIN; CEFEPIME; CEFOXITIN; DOBUTAMINE; DOPAMINE; FENTANYL; FUROSEMIDE; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; MEROPENEM; MIDAZOLAM; OXACILLIN; PENICILLIN G; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; APGAR SCORE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BIRTH WEIGHT; BRAZIL; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERIZATION; CESAREAN SECTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROWDING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENTERIC FEEDING; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; ENTEROBACTER INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HAND WASHING; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL BED UTILIZATION; HOSPITAL HYGIENE; HUMAN; INFANT; INFECTION CONTROL; MALE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDLINE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NASOGASTRIC TUBE; NEWBORN; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEPSIS; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS; VAGINAL DELIVERY;

EID: 48749116251     PISSN: 01956701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.05.003     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Dealler S. Enterobacter cloacae infection and colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 52 (2002) 72-73
2. Pessoa-Silva C.L., Richtmann R., Calil R., et al. Healthcare-associated infections among neonates in Brazil. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 (2004) 772-777
3. van den Berg R.W., Claahsen H.L., Niessen M., Muytjens H.L., Liem K., and Voss A. Enterobacter cloacae outbreak in the NICU related to disinfected thermometers. J Hosp Infect 1 (2000) 29-34
4. Archibald L.K., Ramos M., Arduino M.J., et al. Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa polymicrobial bloodstream infections traced to extrinsic contamination of a dextrose multidose vial. J Pediatr 5 (1998) 640-644
5. Harbarth S., Sudre P., Dharan S., Cadenas M., and Pittet D. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 9 (1999) 598-603
6. Lacey S.L., and Want S.V. An outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae associated with contamination of a blood gas machine. J Infect 3 (1995) 223-226
7. Larson E.L., Cimiotti J.P., Haas J., et al. Gram-negative bacilli associated with catheter-associated and non-catheter-associated bloodstream infections and hand carriage by healthcare workers in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatr Crit Care Med 6 (2005) 457-461
8. van Rossem M.C., de Waal W.J., van Hannen E.J., et al. Enterobacter colonisation in newborn infants: predictors, follow-up and implications for infection control. J Hosp Infect 67 (2007) 142-148
9. Verweij P.E., Van Belkum A., Melchers W.J., Voss A., Hoogkamp-Korstanje J.A., and Meis J.F. Interrepeat fingerprinting of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolated during an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 16 (1995) 25-29
10. Jarvis W.R., Highsmith A.K., Allen J.R., and Haley R.W. Polymicrobial bacteremia associated with lipid emulsion in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis 2 (1983) 203-208
11. Grattard F., Pozzetto B., Berthelot P., et al. Arbitrarily primed PCR, ribotyping, and plasmid pattern analysis applied to investigation of a nosocomial outbreak due to Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol 32 (1994) 596-602
12. Modi N., Damjanovic V., and Cooke R.W. Outbreak of cephalosporin resistant Enterobacter cloacae infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child 62 (1987) 148-151
13. Matsaniotis N.S., Syriopoulou V.P., Theodoridou M.C., Tzanetou K.G., and Mostrou G.I. Enterobacter sepsis in infants and children due to contaminated intravenous fluids. Infect Control 5 (1984) 471-477
14. Silbert S., Boyken L., Hollis R.J., and Pfaller M.A. Improving typeability of multiple bacterial species using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and thiourea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47 (2003) 619-621
15. Tenover F.C., Arbeit R.D., and Goering R.V. How to select and interpret molecular strain typing methods for epidemiological studies of bacterial infections: a review for healthcare epidemiologists. Molecular Typing Working Group of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 18 (1997) 426-439
16. Wang C.C., Chu M.L., Ho L.J., and Hwang R.C. Analysis of plasmid pattern in paediatric intensive care unit outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to Enterobacter cloacae. J Hosp Infect 19 (1991) 33-40
17. Finnström O., Isaksson B., Haeggman S., and Burman L.G. Control of an outbreak of a highly beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strain in a neonatal special care unit. Acta Paediat 87 (1998) 1070-1074
18. Fok T.F., Lee C.H., Wong E.M., et al. Risk factors for Enterobacter septicemia in a neonatal unit: case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 27 (1998) 1204-1209
19. van Nierop W.H., Duse A.G., Stewart R.G., Bilgeri Y.R., and Koornhof H.J. Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae in the neonatal intensive care unit of a provincial hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. J Clin Microbiol 36 (1998) 3085-3087
20. Tresoldi A.T., Padoveze M.C., Trabasso P., et al. Enterobacter cloacae sepsis outbreak in a newborn unit caused by contaminated total parenteral nutrition solution. Am J Infect Control 28 (2000) 258-261
21. Yu W.L., Cheng H.S., Lin H.C., Peng C.T., and Tsai C.H. Outbreak investigation of nosocomial enterobacter cloacae bacteraemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Scand J Infect Dis 32 (2000) 293-298
22. Fernandez-Baca V., Ballesteros F., Hervas J., et al. Molecular epidemiological typing of Enterobacter cloacae isolates from a neonatal intensive care unit: three-year prospective study. J Hosp Infect 49 (2001) 173-182
23. Liu S.C., Leu H.S., Yen M.Y., Lee P.I., and Chou M.C. Study of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit: the application of epidemiologic chromosome profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Am J Infect Control 30 (2002) 381-385
24. Kartali G., Tzelepi E., Pournaras S., et al. Outbreak of infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae producing the integron-associated beta-lactamase IBC-1 in a neonatal intensive care unit of a Greek hospital. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 (2002) 1577-1580
25. v Dijk Y., Bik E.M., Hochstenbach-Vernooij S., et al. Management of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal unit using simple preventive measures. J Hosp Infect 51 (2002) 21-26
26. Kuboyama R.H., de Oliveira H.B., and Moretti-Branchini M.L. Molecular epidemiology of systemic infection caused by Enterobacter cloacae in a high-risk neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24 (2003) 490-494
27. Talon D., Menget P., Thouverez M., et al. Emergence of Enterobacter cloacae as a common pathogen in neonatal units: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. J Hosp Infect 57 (2004) 119-125
28. Archibald L.K., Manning M.L., Bell L.M., Banerjee S., and Jarvis W.R. Patient density, nurse-to-patient ratio and nosocomial infection risk in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J 16 (1997) 1045-1048
29. Bertini G., Nicoletti P., Scopetti F., Manoocher P., Dani C., and Orefici G. Staphylococcus aureus epidemic in a neonatal nursery: a strategy of infection control. Eur J Pediatr 165 (2006) 530-535
30. Gray J., and Hobbs P.M. Management of outbreaks of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal units. J Hosp Infect 52 (2002) 317-318
31. Macías A.E., Muñoz J.M., Herrera L.E., et al. Nosocomial pediatric bacteremia: the role of intravenous set contamination in developing countries. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 (2004) 226-230
32. Nakashima A.K., Highsmith A.K., and Martone W.J. Survival of Serratia marcescens in benzalkonium chloride and in multiple-dose medication vials: relationship to epidemic septic arthritis. J Clin Microbiol 25 (1987) 1019-1021