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48749085003
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The number of open access projects continues to grow, making it difficult and perhaps unwise to generalize about them. Many of the higher-profile projects appear to be having trouble with their business models, but some smaller and narrowly focused efforts seem to be doing nicely, relying on a number of forms of support, from volunteer labor to grants to university subsidies to author fees. What we have not yet seen, however, is transformative open access publishing, where the system of scholarly communications moves to a new (open access) model.
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The number of open access projects continues to grow, making it difficult and perhaps unwise to generalize about them. Many of the higher-profile projects appear to be having trouble with their business models, but some smaller and narrowly focused efforts seem to be doing nicely, relying on a number of forms of support, from volunteer labor to grants to university subsidies to author fees. What we have not yet seen, however, is transformative open access publishing, where the system of scholarly communications moves to a new (open access) model.
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2
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48749132657
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is a great deal of literature that takes the opposite view; see, for example
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There is a great deal of literature that takes the opposite view; see, for example, http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html.
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There
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3
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48749101794
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For another perspective, see the forthcoming Philip M. Davis et al, Open Access publishing increases online readership of scientific articles but does not increase article citations: a randomised trial, British Medical Journal (2008, in press). The authors note that research requires infrastructure and that the elite research institutions are for this reason where most research is conducted and that any increase in readership for open access publications comes from outside the core author community.
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For another perspective, see the forthcoming Philip M. Davis et al, "Open Access publishing increases online readership of scientific articles but does not increase article citations: a randomised trial," British Medical Journal (2008, in press). The authors note that research requires infrastructure and that the elite research institutions are for this reason where most research is conducted and that any increase in readership for open access publications comes from outside the core author community.
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4
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48749101793
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Several readers of drafts of this essay have noted that there are other forms of discovery than keyword-based Internet search. This is true, and the number of such methods is growing. It appears, however, that the total share of discovery through search engines, and Google in particular, is growing faster than the number of means of discovery, with Google beginning to evolve into a one-stop place for research, despite the severe limitations of Google's search technology, especially for the academic community. A puzzling aspect of this situation is the support for open access among many members of the academic library world, since open access materials discoverable through Google essentially serve to marginalize libraries' role
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Several readers of drafts of this essay have noted that there are other forms of discovery than keyword-based Internet search. This is true, and the number of such methods is growing. It appears, however, that the total share of discovery through search engines, and Google in particular, is growing faster than the number of means of discovery, with Google beginning to evolve into a one-stop place for research, despite the severe limitations of Google's search technology, especially for the academic community. A puzzling aspect of this situation is the support for open access among many members of the academic library world, since open access materials discoverable through Google essentially serve to marginalize libraries' role.
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5
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48749100039
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Berkeley Electronic Press, to which I have served as a consultant, was founded by two academics who were frustrated by the practices of established publishers. BEPress has an interesting hybrid publishing model, which includes both open- and toll-access components
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Berkeley Electronic Press, to which I have served as a consultant, was founded by two academics who were frustrated by the practices of established publishers. BEPress has an interesting hybrid publishing model, which includes both open- and toll-access components.
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6
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18844373410
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One could argue that posting something on the Internet is not necessarily the same thing as publishing it. I reviewed this distinction in The Devil You Don't Know: The Unexpected Future of Open Access Publishing, First Monday 9, no. 8 (August 2004), http://firstmonday.org.
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One could argue that posting something on the Internet is not necessarily the same thing as publishing it. I reviewed this distinction in "The Devil You Don't Know: The Unexpected Future of Open Access Publishing," First Monday 9, no. 8 (August 2004), http://firstmonday.org.
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7
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48749125529
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PLoS's program is evolving in an interesting and, I submit, inevitable way. With the launch of PLOS One, a new service, PLoS changed the rules somewhat, lowering its author fees, but also substantially reducing the amount of editorial review for each submitted paper. Thus, the percentage of accepted papers has risen, the overhead allocation per paper published is dropping, and the service may be well on its way to profitability. One can envision a time when PLOS One generates a sufficient surplus to support the other services, with their higher editorial costs. It is interesting to speculate whether PLoS will eventually take the next step: stop reviewing papers prior to publication, but provide robust software tools to encourage comments on already published documents, post-publication peer review. Such a service, as envisioned here, would be able to reduce author fees considerably and become, as it were, a mass repository for the research community. In order to e
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PLoS's program is evolving in an interesting and, I submit, inevitable way. With the launch of PLOS One, a new service, PLoS changed the rules somewhat, lowering its author fees, but also substantially reducing the amount of editorial review for each submitted paper. Thus, the percentage of accepted papers has risen, the overhead allocation per paper published is dropping, and the service may be well on its way to profitability. One can envision a time when PLOS One generates a sufficient surplus to support the other services, with their higher editorial costs. It is interesting to speculate whether PLoS will eventually take the next step: stop reviewing papers prior to publication, but provide robust software tools to encourage comments on already published documents - post-publication peer review. Such a service, as envisioned here, would be able to reduce author fees considerably and become, as it were, a mass repository for the research community. In order to evolve in this direction, PLoS will need to develop a sufficiently flexible software platform.
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8
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48749100543
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I developed some of these ideas further in The Processed Book (First Monday, March 2003, http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/ index.php/fm/article/view/1038/959).
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I developed some of these ideas further in "The Processed Book" (First Monday, March 2003, http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/ index.php/fm/article/view/1038/959).
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9
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48749084205
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Also see The Processed Book Project at
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Also see The Processed Book Project at http://prosaix.com/pbos.
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10
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48749118089
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Everything is relative. In an early draft of this paper, I called the amount of capital to build this service small. One reader insisted that the sum (discussed toward the end of the paper) is in fact large. So here I am calling it modest. To put this into perspective, if this service were successful, the amortized development costs would come to a few cents per paper.
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Everything is relative. In an early draft of this paper, I called the amount of capital to build this service "small." One reader insisted that the sum (discussed toward the end of the paper) is in fact "large." So here I am calling it "modest." To put this into perspective, if this service were successful, the amortized development costs would come to a few cents per paper.
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11
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48749127939
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Publications that are created with an advertising-based business model in mind represent a special case, which I don't want to examine here. The essence of advertising is to develop and package an audience, which is then sold to advertisers; the customer is the advertiser, not the author or reader
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Publications that are created with an advertising-based business model in mind represent a special case, which I don't want to examine here. The essence of advertising is to develop and package an audience, which is then "sold" to advertisers; the customer is the advertiser, not the author or reader.
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