The treatment of adolescent transsexuals: Changing insights

Journal of Sexual Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1892-1897

  Cohen Kettenis, Peggy T ^a,b   Delemarre van De Waal, Henriette A ^a,b   Gooren, Louis J G ^a,b  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b Institute for Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences ICEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Gender dysphoria; Gender identity disorder; GnRH analogs; Sex reassignment; Transsexualism

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; GONADORELIN DERIVATIVE; PROGESTERONE;

ARTICLE; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; DELAYED PUBERTY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; EUROPE; FEMALE TO MALE TRANSSEXUAL; GENDER DYSPHORIA; GENDER IDENTITY; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LAW SUIT; LEGAL ASPECT; LEGAL COMPETENCE; MALE TO FEMALE TRANSSEXUAL; MEDICAL ETHICS; NETHERLANDS; NORTH AMERICA; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TRANSSEXUALISM;

EID: 48749094482     PISSN: 17436095     EISSN: 17436109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00870.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Beatrice J. A psychological comparison of heterosexuals, transvestites, preoperative transsexuals, and postoperative transsexuals. J Nerv Ment Dis 1985;173:358-65.
2. à Campo J, van Os J. Reaction to: "Van Campen YE, Duyx, JHM, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Transseksuele adolescenten voor de behandeling: Achtergronden en functioneren ("Transsexual Adolescents Before Treatment: Background Data and Functioning," Published In Tijdschr Psychiat. 2003;45, 193-201). Tijdschr Psychiat 2003;45:649-50.
3. Chiland C. The psychoanalyst and the transsexual patient. Int J Psychoanal 2000;81:21-35.
4. Federoff JP. The case against publicly funded transsexual surgery. Psychiatr Rounds 2000;4:1-3.
5. McHugh PR. Witches, multiple personalities and other psychiatric artifacts. Nat Med 1995;1:110-4.
6. Zhou J, Hofman MA, Gooren LJ, Swaab DF. A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality. Nature 1995;378:68-70.
7. Kruijver FP, Zhou J, Pool C, Hofman MA, Gooren LJ, Swaab DF. Male-to-female transsexuals have female neuron numbers in a limbic nucleus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2034-41.
8. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR, 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
9. Meyer W, Bockting W, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Coleman E, DiCeglie D, Devor H, Gooren LJG, Hage JJ, Kirk S, Kuiper AJ, Laub D, Lawrence A, Menard Y, Patton J, Schaefer L, Webb A, Wheeler CC. The Standards of Care of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, 6th version. Int J Transgenderism 2006;5. Available at: http://www.symposion.com/ijt.
10. DiCeglie D, Sturge C, Sutton A. Gender identity disorders in children and adolescents: Guidelines for management. London, Royal College of Psychiatrists; Council Report CR63; 1998.
11. Cohen-Kettenis PT. Gender identity disorder in the DSM? J Am Acad Child Psy 2001;40:391.
12. Drummond KD, Bradley SJ, Peterson-Badali M, Zucker KJ. A follow-up study of girls with gender identity disorder. Dev Psychol 2008;44:34-45.
13. Zucker KJ, Bradley SJ. Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents. New York/London: Guilford Press; 1995:283-301.
14. Cohen-Kettenis PT, Pfäfflin F. Transgenderism and intersexuality in childhood and adolescence; Making choices. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2003:131-51.
15. Gooren LJ, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. The feasibility of endocrine interventions in juvenile transsexuals. J Psychol Hum Sex 1996;8:69-74.
16. Cohen-Kettenis PT, van Goozen SH. Sex reassignment of adolescent transsexuals: A follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc 1997;36:263-71.
17. Smith YL, van Goozen SH, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Adolescents with gender identity disorder who were accepted or rejected for sex reassignment surgery: A prospective follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:472-81.
18. Smith YL, van Goozen SH, Kuiper AJ, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Sex reassignment: Outcomes and predictors of treatment for adolescent and adult transsexuals. Psychol Med 2005;35:89-99.
19. Kuiper AJ, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Sex reassignment surgery: A study of 141 Dutch transsexuals. Arch Sex Behav 1988;17:439-57.
20. Cohen-Kettenis PT, van Goozen SH. Pubertal delay as an aid in diagnosis and treatment of a transsexual adolescent. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;7:246-8.
21. Ross MW, Need JA. Effects of adequacy of gender reassignment surgery on psychological adjustment: A follow-up of fourteen male-to-female patients. Arch Sex Behav 1989;18:145-53.
22. Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren LJ. Transsexualism: A review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Psychosom Res 1999;46:315-33.
23. Pfäfflin F, Junge, A. Geschlechtsumwandlung: Abhandlungen zur Transsexualität. Schattauer: Stuttgar; 1992.
24. Pfäfflin F, Junge A. Sex reassignment: Thirty years of international follow-up studies. A comprehensive review, 1961-91. 1998. Available at: http://www.symposion.com/ijt/books/index.htm.
25. Blanchard R, Steiner BW, Clemmensen LH, Dickey R. Prediction of regrets in postoperative transsexuals. Can J Psychiat 1989;34:43-5.
26. Gooren LJ. The biology of human psychosexual differentiation. Horm Behav 2006;50:589-60.
27. Coolidge FL, Thede LL, Young SE. The heritability of gender identity disorder in a child and adolescent twin sample. Behav Genet 2002;32:251-7.
28. Henningson S, Westberg L, Nilsson S, Lundstrom B, Ekselius L, Bodlund O, Lindstrom E, Hellstrand M, Rosmond R, Eriksson E, Landén M. Sex steroid-related genes and male-to-female transsexualism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005;30:657-64.
29. Knafo A, Iervolono AC, Plomin R. Masculine girls and feminine boys: Genetic and environmental contributions to atypical gender development in early childhood. J Pers Soc Psychol 2005;88:400-12.
30. Giordano S. Gender atypical organisation in children and adolescents: Ethico-legal issues and a proposal for new guidelines. The International Journal of Children's Rights 2007;15:365-90.
31. Wren B. Early physical intervention for young people with atypical gender identity development. Clin Child Psychol Psychiaty 2000;5:220-3.
32. Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Clinical management of gender identity disorder in adolescents: A protocol on psychological and paediatric endocrinology aspects. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;155:S131-7.
33. Vanderschueren D, Vandenput L, Boonen S, Lindberg MK, Bouillon R, Ohlsson C. Androgens and bone. Endocr Rev 2004;25:389-425.
34. Bertelloni S, Baroncelli GI, Ferdeghini M, Saggese G. Normal volumetric bone mineral density and bone turnover in young men with histories of constitutional delay of puberty. J Ciln Enocrinol Metab 1998;83:4280-3.
35. Kapoor R, Sharma DK, Singh KJ, Suri A, Singh P, Chaudhary H, Dubey D, Mandhani A. Sigmoid vaginoplasty: Long term results. Urology 2006;67:1212-5.
36. Whittle S. Respect and equality: Transsexual and transgender rights. London: Cavendish Publishing Company; 2002.