Groundwater fluoride levels in villages of southern malawi and removal studies using bauxite

International Journal of Physical Sciences

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-11

  Sajidu, S M I ^a   Masamba, W R L ^a,b   Thole, B ^c   Mwatseteza, J F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI   (Malawi)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI   (Malawi)

Author keywords

Bauxite; Fluoride; Gibbsite; Kaolinite; Southern Malawi

Indexed keywords

EID: 48749089190     PISSN: 19921950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Abe I, Iwasaki S, Tokimoto T, Kawasaki N, Nakamura T, Tanada S (2004). Adsorption of fluoride ions onto carbonaceous materials. J. of Colloid Interface Sci., 275:35-39.
2. Amina C, Lhadi LK, Younsi A, Murdy J (2004). Environmental impact of an urban landfill on a coastal aquifer. J. of Afr. Earth Sci., 39 (3- 4):509-516.
3. Anwar F (2003). Assessment and analysis of industrial liquid waste and sludge disposal at unlined landfill sites in arid climate. Waste manage. 23(9):817-824.
4. APHA (1985), American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. Standard methods of the examination of water/wastewater. 16th Edn. APHA, AWWA, and WPCF, New York.
5. Atkins PW (1982). Physical Chemistry. 2nd Edn: Oxford University Press, Oxford; United Kingdom.
6. Bower CA, Hatcher JT (1967). Adsorption of fluoride by soils and minerals. Soil Sci. 103:151-154.
7. Carter GS, Bennet JD (1973). The Geology and Mineral Resources of Malawi. Bulletin No 6, 2nd Ed., Government print, Zomba: Malawi.
8. Chaturvedi AK, Phathak KC, Singh VH (1988). Fluoride removal from water by adsorption on China Clay. Applied Clay Sci. 3:337-346.
9. Chaturvedi AK, Yadava KP, Phathak KC, Singh VH (1990). Defluoridation of water by adsorption on fly-ash. Water Air and Soil Pollution 49:51-61.
10. Chhabra R, Singh A, Abrol IP (1980). Fluorine in sodic soils. Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. J., 44:33-36.
11. Coetzee PP, Coetzee LL, Puka R, Mubenga S (2003). Characterization of selected South African Clays for defluoridation of natural water. Water SA. 29 (3):331-338.
12. Coulson JM, Richardson JF (1997). Chemical engineering 3rd Edn, Butterworth-Heineman: Oxford.
13. Das N, Pattaik P, Das R (2005). Defluoridation of drinking water using activated titanium rich bauxite. J. of Colloid. Interface Sci., 292:1-10.
14. Emamjomeh MM, Muttucumaru S (2006). An empirical model for defluoridation by batch monopolar electrocoagulation/floatation (ECF) process. J. of Hazard. Mater., B131:118-125.
15. Folkard GK., Sutherland JP, Grant WD (1993). Natural coagulants at pilot scale. 18th WEDC Conference, Kathmandu, Nepal. Loughborough University Press, pp 51-54.
16. Garmes H, Persin F, Sandeaux J, Pourcelly G, Mountadar M (2002). Defluoridation of groundwater by hybrid process combining adsorption and Donnan dialysis. Desalination 145:287-291.
17. GoM (Government of Malawi) (1993). Malawi situation analysis of poverty. UN. Lilongwe, Malawi.
18. Harper HA, Rodwell VW, Mayes PA, (1979). Review of physiological chemistry. Lange Medical Publications, California.
19. Henry E, Dembo EG, Sajidu SM, Zimba G (2004). A preliminary investigation on use of Moringa Oleifera polyelectrolytes for wastewater treatment in Malawi. Proceedings of WAMDEC 2004 28-30 July, Elephant Hills, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
20. Hu K, Dickson JM (2006). Nanofiltration membrane on fluoride removal from water. J. of Membr. Sci., 279:529-538.
21. JCPDS (1997). In Powder Diffraction File. JCPDS International Centre for Diffraction Data. Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.
22. Kass A, Yechiele G, Vengosh A, Starinky A (2005). The impact of freshwater and wastewater on the chemistry of shallow groundwater: a case study from the Israel Coastal aquifer. J. of Hydrol., 300 (1- 4):314-331.
23. Kau PMH, Smith DW, Binning P (1997). Fluoride retention by Kaloin Sajidu et al. 011 clay. J. of Contaminant Hydrol. 28:267-288.
24. Kohut AP, hodge W (1985). Ground water resource of British Columbia - Gulf islands.
25. Lounici H, Belhocine D, Grib H, Drouiche M, Pauss A, Mameri N (2004). Fluoride removal with electro-activated alumina. Desalination 161:287-293.
26. Meenakshi , Mahenshwari RC (2006). Fluoride in drinking water and its removal. J. of Hazard. Mater. B137:456-463
27. Masamba WRL, Sajidu SMI, Thole B, Mwatseteza JF (2005). Water defluoridation using Malawi's locally sourced gypsum. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 30 (11-16):846-849
28. Mineral database (2002). http://webmineral.com/data last update: 10/16/06
29. Mjengera H, Mkongo G (2003). Appropriate defluoridation technology for use in fluoritic areas in Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 28:1097-1104.
30. Moges G, Zrwge F, Socher M (1996). Preliminary investigations on the defluoridation of water using fired clay chips. J. of Afr. Earth Sci., 21 (4):479-482.
31. Msonda WK (2003). A study of groundwater quality, water defluoridation and impact of dental fluorosis on children in Nathenje Lilongwe Malawi. MSc Thesis, University of Malawi: Malawi.
32. NAS (Nuffield Advanced Science) A (1998). Ion Exchange: Special Study. Penguin Books publication.
33. NEP (National Environmental Policy), Malawi Government (1996). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Lilongwe, Malawi
34. Omueti JAI, Jones RL (1977). Fluoride adsorption by Illinois soils. J. Soil Sci. 28:546-572.
35. Oren O, Yechieli Y, Bohlke JK, Dody A (2004). Contamination of groundwater under cultivated fields in an arid environment, Central Arava Valley, Israel. J. Hydrol. 290 (3/4):312-328.
36. PHE (2001). Protection of the Human Environment (PHE). Fluoride in drinking water. A World Health Organisation paper. http://www.unicef.org/ programme/wes/info/flour.htm.
37. Sajidu SMI (2001). Thermal Studies of Layered Oxides and Hydroxides. MPhil Thesis, University of Cambridge: U. K.
38. Sajidu SM, Masumbu FFF, Fabiano E (2005). Drinking water quality and mapping of fluoritic areas in Liwonde, Malawi. National Research Council of Malawi Annual Research Conference, Kalikuti Hotel, Lilongwe, Malawi, 16-17 June, 2005.
39. Schoeman JJ, MacLeod H (1987). The effect of particle size and interfering ions on fluoride removal by activated alumina. Water SA. 13 (4):229-234.
40. SEP (State of Environment Report for Malawi), Malawi Government (1998). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Lilongwe, Malawi
41. Sibale FK, Chidothe C, Tsakala M (1998). Oral health status among 12 and 15 year old school pupils in Machinga District, Malawi.
42. Susheela AK (1992). Defluoridation of drinking water - merits of alternative technologies. A Nutrition Foundation of India paper. http://www.nutritionfoundationofindia.org/ARCHIVES/JUL92C.HTM.
43. Tor A (2006). Removal of fluoride from water using anion exchange membrane under Donnan dialysis conditions. J. of Hazard. Mater., 141(3):814-818.
44. Wang Y, Reardon EJ (2001). Activation and regeneration of soil sorbent for defluoridation of drinking water. Applied Geochem., 16:531-539.
45. WHO (1988). Assessment of fresh water quality. Global environmental monitoring system (GEMS) report on the related environmental monitoring. World Health Organization; Geneva.
46. WHO (2004). Guidelines for drinking water quality. 3rd Edn, Vol.1, Recommendations, World Health Organization: Geneva.
47. Zevenbergen C, Van Reeuwijk LP, Frapporti G, Louws RJ, Shuiling RD (1996). A simple method for defluoridation of drinking water at village level by adsorption on Ando soils in Kenya. Science of the Total Environment 188:225-232.