Multiple sclerosis and cannabis: A cognitive and psychiatric study

Neurology

Volumn 71, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 164-169

  Ghaffar, Omar ^a   Feinstein, Anthony ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS;

ADULT; APTITUDE TEST; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CANNABIS SMOKING; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE EXACERBATION; EXPANDED DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; FEMALE; GROUPS BY AGE; HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL FUNCTION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; WORKING MEMORY; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; COMPARATIVE STUDY; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; STANDARD;

ADULT; CANNABIS; COGNITION DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 48449087313     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000304046.23960.25     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Goodin D. Marijuana and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:79-80.
2. Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, et al. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1517-1526.
3. Freeman RM, Adekanmi O, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Wright D, Zajicek J. The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMSLUTS). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2006;17: 636-641.
4. Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Friede T, Young CA. Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2005;65:812-819.
5. Chong MS, Wolff K, Wise K, Tanton C, Winstock A, Silber E. Cannabis use in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006;12:646-651.
6. Clark AJ, Ware MA, Yazer E, Murray TJ, Lynch ME. Patterns of cannabis use among patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004;62:2098-2100.
7. Page SA, Verhoef MJ, Stebbins RA, Metz LM, Levy JC. Cannabis use as described by people with multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 2003;30:201-205.
8. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
9. Minden SL, Schiffer RB. Affective disorders in multiple sclerosis: review and recommendations for clinical research. Arch Neurol 1990;47:98-104.
10. Stenager EN, Stenager E, Koch-Henriksen N, et al. Suicide and multiple sclerosis: an epidemiological investigation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:542-545.
11. Sadovnick AD, Eisen K, Ebers GC, Paty DW. Cause of death in patients attending multiple sclerosis clinics. Neurology 1991;41:1193-1196.
12. Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991;41:685-691.
13. McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the international panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001;50:121-127.
14. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444-1452.
15. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders: Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1994.
16. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ranieri WF. Scale for suicide ideation: psychometric properties of a self-report version. J Clin Psychol 1988;44:499-505.
17. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361-370.
18. Jenkins R, Mann AH, Belsey E. The background, design and use of a short interview to assess social stress and support in research and clinical settings. Soc Sci Med [E] 1981;15:195-203.
19. Rao SM and the Cognitive Function Study Group of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. A Manual for the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in Multiple Sclerosis. Milwaukee, WI: Medical College of Wisconsin, 1990.
20. Feinstein A, Youl B, Ron M. Acute optic neuritis: a cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain 1992; 115(Pt 5):1403-1415.
21. Feinstein A, Thompson A, Ron M. A serial study of psychometric, psychiatric and MRI abnormalities in relapsing-remitting MS. Brain 1993;116:569-602.
22. Feinstein A, Ron M, Brown R. The effects of practice on the performance of neuropsychological tests in normal subjects. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994;16:436-447.
23. Craik F, Salthouse TA. The Handbook of Aging and Cognition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999.
24. Rao SM, Mittenberg W, Bernardin L, Haughton V, Leo GJ. Neuropsychological test findings in subjects with leu-koaraiosis. Arch Neurol 1989;46:40-44.
25. Page SA, Verhoef MJ. Medicinal marijuana use: experiences of people with multiple sclerosis. Can Fam Physician 2006;52:64-65.
26. Patten D, Adlaf AM. Cannabis use and problems. In: Canadian Addiction Survey. A National Survey of Canadians' use of Alcohol and Other Drugs. Prevalence of Use and Related Harms. Ottawa: Canadian Center on Substance Abuse, 2005.
27. Amato MP, Zipoli V, Portaccio E. Multiple sclerosisrelated cognitive changes: a review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. J Neurol Sci 2006;245:41-46.
28. Figved N, Myhr KM, Larsen JP, Aarsland D. Caregiver burden in multiple sclerosis: the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007.
29. Mitchell AJ, Benito-Leon J, Gonzalez JM, Rivera-Navarro J. Quality of life and its assessment in multiple sclerosis: integrating physical and psychological components of wellbeing. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:556-566.
30. Ghaffar O, Feinstein A. The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis: a review of recent developments. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007;20:278-285.
31. Parmenter BA, Weinstock-Guttman B, Garg N, Munschauer F, Benedict RH. Screening for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis using the symbol digit modalities test. Mult Scler 2007;13:52-57.
32. Benedict RH, Zivadinov R. Reliability and validity of neuropsychological screening and assessment strategies in MS. J Neurol 2007;254 suppl 2:II22-II25.
33. Benedict RH, Cookfair D, Gavett R, et al. Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS). J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006;12:549-558.
34. Benedict RH, Fischer JS, Archibald CJ, et al. Minimal neuropsychological assessment of MS patients: a consensus approach. Clin Neuropsychol 2002;16:381-397.
35. Christodoulou C, Krupp LB, Liang Z, et al. Cognitive performance and MR markers of cerebral injury in cognitively impaired MS patients. Neurology 2003;60:1793-1798.
36. Bermel RA, Bakshi R. The measurement and clinical relevance of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:158-170.
37. Feinstein A. The Clinical Neuropsychiatry of Multiple Sclerosis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
38. Stenager E, Knudsen L, Jensen K. Multiple sclerosis: methodological aspects of cognitive testing. Acta Neurol Belg 1994;94:53-56.
39. Bruce JM, Bruce AS, Arnett PA. Mild visual acuity disturbances are associated with performance on tests of complex visual attention in MS. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2007;13: 544-548.
40. Di Forti M, Morrison PD, Butt A, Murray RM. Cannabis use and psychiatric and cognitive disorders: the chicken or the egg? Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007;20:228-234.