Hiqhly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy and opportunistic protozoan infections;La Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy e le infezioni protozoarie opportuniste

Parassitologia

Volumn 46, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 89-93

  Pozio, E ^a  

^a ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; NELFINAVIR; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PYRIMETHAMINE SULFADIAZINE; RITONAVIR;

CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; ENCEPHALITIS; ENZYME INHIBITION; FECES ANALYSIS; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; INDUSTRIALIZATION; INFECTION RISK; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PREGNANCY; PROTOZOAL INFECTION; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RELAPSE; SURVIVAL RATE; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS; VIRUS LOAD; ADULT; AIDS RELATED COMPLEX; ANIMAL; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCCIDIOSIS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; MALE; MICROSPORIDIOSIS; PARASITOLOGY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; TOXOPLASMA; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS;

CANDIDA; CANDIDA ALBICANS; ENTEROCYTOZOON BIENEUSI; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ILEX COOKII; PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

ADULT; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANIMALS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; FEMALE; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; ISOSPORIASIS; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; MALE; MICROSPORIDIOSIS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMOSIS, CEREBRAL;

EID: 4844230320     PISSN: 00482951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (39)

1. Alfonzo M, Blanc D, Troadec C, Huerre M, Eliaszewicz M, Gonzalez G, Koyanagi Y, Scott-Algara D (2002). Temporary restoration of immune response against Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-infected individuals after HAART, as studied in the hu-PBMC-SCID mouse model. Clinical Experimental Immunology 129:411-419.
2. Alvar J, Canavate C, Gutierrez-Solar B, Jimenez M, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Molina R, Moreno J (1997). Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clinical Microbiological Review 10:298-319.
3. Atzori C, Angeli E, Mainini A, Agostoni F, Micheli V, Cargnel A (2000). In vitro activity of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors against Pneumocystis carinii. Journal of Infectious Diseases 181:1629-1634.
4. Atzori C, Fantoni G, Valerio A, Cargnel A (2001). In vitro activity of amprenavir against Pneumocystis carinii. International Journal Antimicrobial Agents 18:271-273.
5. Autran B, Carcelain G, Li TS, Blanc C, Mathez D, Tubiana R, Katlama C, Debre P, Leibowitch J (1997). Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 277:112-116.
6. Babiker A, Derbyshire J, Pezzotti P, Porter K, Rezza G, Walker SA, Beral V, Coutinho R, Del Amo J, Gill N, Lee C, Meyer L, Tyrer F, Dabis F, Thiebaut R, Lawson-Aye S, Boufassa F, Hamouda O, Fischer K, Pezzotti P, Rezza G, Touloumi G, Hatzakis A, Karafoulidou A, Katsarou O, Brettle R, del Romero J, Prins M, van Benthem B, Kirk O, Pederson C, Hernandez Aguado I, Perez-Hoyos S, Eskild A, Bruun JN, Sannes M, Sabin C, Lee C, Johnson AM, Phillips AN, Francioli P, Vanhems P, Egger M, Rickenbach M, Cooper D, Kaldor J, Ashton L, Vizzard J, Muga R, Day NE, De Angelis D; CASCADE Collaboration. (2002). Changes over calendar time in the risk of specific first AIDS-defining events following HIV seroconversion, adjusting for competing risks International Journal of Epidemiology 31:951-958.
7. Beach JW (1998). Chemotherapeutic agents for human immunodeficiency virus infection: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and adverse reactions. Clinical Therapeutics 20:2-25.
8. Call SA, Heudebert G, Saag M, Wilcox CM (2000). The changing etiology of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/mm3. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95:3142-3146.
9. Carr A, Marriott D, Field A, Vasak E, Cooper DA (1998). Treatment of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis with combination antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 351:256-261.
10. Caspar F, Müller A (2001). Microsporidiosis: human diseases and diagnosis. Microbes and Infection 3:389-400.
11. Cassone A, De Bernardis F, Torosantucci A, Tacconelli E, Tumbarello M, Cauda R (1999). In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors. Journal of Infectious Diseases 180: 448-453.
12. Conti S, Masocco M, Pezzotti P, Toccaceli V, Vichi M, Boros S, Urciuoli R, Valdarchi C, Rezza G (2000). Differential impact of combined antiretroviral therapy on the survival of Italian patients with specific AIDS-defining illnesses. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 25: 451-458
13. Deeks SG, Smith M, Holodniy M, Kahn JO (1997). HIV-1 protease inhibitors. A review for clinicians. JAMA 277: 145-153.
14. de la Rosa R, Pineda JA, Delgado J, Macias J, Morillas F, Martin-Sanchez J, Leal M, Sanchez-Quijano A, Lissen E (2001). Influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the outcome of subclinical visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases 32:633-635.
15. de la Rosa R, Pineda JA, Delgado J, Macias J, Morillas F, Mira JA, Sanchez-Quijano A, Leal M, Lissen E (2002). Incidence of and risk factors for symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients from Spain in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40:762-767.
16. del Giudice P, Mary-Krause M, Pradier C, Grabar S, Dellamonica P, Marty P, Gastaut JA, Costagliola D, Rosenthal E (2002). French Hospital Database on HIV Clinical Epidemiologic Group. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in a French cohort of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 186:1366-1370.
17. Derouin F, Santillana-Hayat M (2000). Anti-toxoplasma activities of antiretroviral drugs and interactions with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy 44:2575-2577.
18. Fernandez Cotarelo MJ, Abellan Martinez J, Guerra Vales JM, Martinez Sanchez P, Rodrigo Gomez De La Barcena M, Salto Fernandez E (2003). Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence and clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases 37:973-977.
19. Foudraine NA, Weverling GJ, van Gool T, Roos MT, de Wolf F, Koopmans PP, van den Broek PJ, Meenhorst PL, van Leeuwen R, Lange JM, Reiss P (1998). Improvement of chronic diarrhoea in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection during potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 12:35-41.
20. Ghosn J, Paris L, Ajzenberg D, Carcelain G, Darde ML, Tubiana R, Bossi P, Bricaire F, Katlama C (2003). Atypical toxoplasmic manifestation after discontinuation of maintenance therapy in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patient with immune recovery. Clinical Infectious Diseases 37:e112-e114.
21. Goguel J, Katlama C, Sarfati C, Maslo C, Leport C, Molina JM (1997). Remission of AIDS-associated intestinal microsporidiosiswith highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 11:1658-1659.
22. Grube H, Ramratnam B, Ley C, Flanigan TP (1997). Resolution of AIDS associated cryptosporidiosis after treatment with indinavir. American Journal of Gastroenterology 92:726.
23. Hommer V, Eichholz J, Petry F (2003). Effect of antiretroviral protease inhibitors alone, and in combination with paromomycin, on the excystation, invasion and in vitro development of Cryptosporidium parvum. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 52:359-364.
24. Komanduri KV, Viswanathan MN, Wieder ED, Schmidt DK, Bredt BM, Jacobson MA, McCune JM (1998). Restoration of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses after ganciclovir and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1. Nature Medicine 4:953-956.
25. Lafaurie M, Sarfati C, Menotti J, Molina JM (2003). Remission of disseminated infection caused by Encephalocytozoon intestinalis with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 17: 640-641.
26. Li TS, Tubiana R, Katlama C, Calvez V, Ait Mohand H, Autran B (1998). Long-lasting recovery in CD4 T-cell function and viralload reduction after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet 351:1682-1686.
27. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Blagburn BL (1997). Biology of Isospora spp. from humans, nonhumans primates and domestic animals. Clinical Microbiology Review 10:19-34.
28. Maggi P, Larocca AM, Ladisa N, Carbonara S, Brandonisio O, Angarano G, Pastore G (2001). Opportunistic parasitic infections of the intestinal tract in the era of highly active antiretro-viral therapy: is the CD4(+) count so important? Clinical Infectious Diseases 33:1609-1611.
29. Martins SA, Muccioli C, Belfort R Jr, Castelo A (2001). Resolution of microsporidial kerato-conjunctivitis in an AIDS patient treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. American Journal of Ophthalmology 131:378-379.
30. Mele R, Gomez Morales MA, Tosini F, Pozio E (2003). Indinavir reduces Cryptosporidium parvum infection in both in vitro and in vivo models. International Journal of Parasitology 33:757-764.
31. Miao YM, Awad-EI-Kariem FM, Franzen C, Ellis DS, Muller A, Counihan HM, Hayes PJ, Gazzard BG (2000). Eradication of cryptosporidia and microsporidia following successful antiretroviral therapy. Journal Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 25:124-129.
32. Monkemuller KE, Call SA, Lazenby AJ, Wilcox CM (2000). Declining prevalence of opportunistic gastrointestinal disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95:457-462.
33. Mussini C, Pezzotti P, Govoni A, Borghi V, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A, De Luca A, Mongiardo N, Cerri MC, Chiodo F, Concia E, Bonazzi L, Moroni M, Ortona L, Esposito R, Cossarizza A, De Rienzo B (2000). Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus type I-infected patients: the changes in opportunistic prophylaxis study. Journal of Infectious Diseases 181:1635-1642.
34. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD (1998). Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. New England Journal of Medicine 338:853-860.
35. Schmidt W, Wahnschaffe U, Schafer M, Zippel T, Arvand M, Meyerhans A, Riecken EO, Ullrich R (2001). Rapid increase of mucosal CD4 T cells followed by clearance of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in an AIDS patient receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Gastroenterology 120:984-987.
36. Stout JE, Lai JC, Giner J, Hamilton CD (2002). Reactivation of retinal toxoplasmosis despite evidence of immune response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35:e37-e39.
37. Tovo PA (2000). Highly active antiretroviral therapy inhibits cytokine production in HIV-uninfected subjects. AIDS 14:743-744.
38. Tzipori S, Ward H (2002). Cryptosporidiosis: biology, pathogenesis and disease. Microbe and Infection 4:1047-1058.
39. Villanueva JL, Alarcon A, Bernabeu-Wittel M, Cordero E, Prados D, Regordan C, Alvar J (2000). Prospective evaluation and follow-up of European patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV-1 coinfection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 19:798-801.