Choosing Strategies for Change

Harvard Business Review

Volumn 86, Issue 7-8, 2008, Pages

  Kotter, John P ^a   Schlesinger, Leonard A ^b  

^a HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BABSON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 48249151097     PISSN: 00178012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince.
2. Marvin Bower and C. Lee Walton, Jr.,"Gearing a Business to the Future," in Challenge to Leadership (The Conference Board, 1973).
3. For recent evidence on the frequency of changes, see Stephen A. Allen,"Organizational Choice and General Influence Networks for Diversified Companies," Academy of Management Journal, September 1978.
4. For example, see Robert A. Luke, Jr., "A Structural Approach to Organizational Change," Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, September-October 1973.
5. For a discussion of power and politics in corporations, see Abraham Zaleznik and Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries, Power and the Corporate Mind (Houghton Mifflin, 1975);
6. and Robert H. Miles, Macro Organizational Behavior (Goodyear, 1978).
7. See Edgar H. Schein, Organizational Psychology (Prentice-Hall, 1965).
8. See Chris Argyris, Intervention Theory and Method (Addison-Wesley, 1970).
9. See Paul R. Lawrence, "How to Deal with Resistance to Change," HBR May-June 1954; reprinted as HBR Classic, January-February 1969.
10. For a discussion of resistance that is personality based, see Goodwin Watson, "Resistance to Change," in The Planning of Change, eds. Warren G. Bennis, Kenneth F. Benne, and Robert Chin (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1969).
11. Peter F. Drucker, The Practice of Management (Harper and Row, 1954).
12. For a general discussion of resistance and reasons for it, see Gerald Zaltman and Robert Duncan, Strategies for Planned Change (John Wiley, 1977).
13. See, for example, Alfred J. Marrow, David F. Bowers, and Stanley E. Seashore, Management by Participation (Harper and Row, 1967).
14. Zaltman and Duncan, Strategies for Planned Change.
15. For an excellent discussion of negotiation, see Gerald I. Nierenberg, The Art of Negotiating (Cornerstone, 1968).
16. See John P. Kotter, "Power, Dependence, and Effective Management," HBR July-August 1977.
17. Ibid.
18. See Larry E. Greiner, "Patterns of Organization Change," HBR May-June 1967;
19. and Larry E. Greiner and Louis B. Barnes, "Organization Change and Development," in Organizational Change and Development, eds. Gene W. Dalton and Paul R. Lawrence (Irwin, 1970).
20. For a good discussion of an approach that attempts to minimize resistance, see Renato Tagiuri, "Notes on the Management of Change: Implication of Postulating a Need for Competence," in Organization, eds. John P. Kotter, Vijay Sathe, and Leonard A. Schlesinger (Irwin, 1979).
21. Jay W. Lorsch,"Managing Change" in Organizational Behavior and Administration, eds. Paul R. Lawrence, Louis B. Barnes, and Jay W. Lorsch (Irwin, 1976).
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Michael Beer, Organization Change and Development: A Systems View (Goodyear, 1980).