Effects of logging pattern and intensity on squirrel demography

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 71, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 2655-2663

  Herbers, Jim ^a   Klenner, Walt ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b RESEARCH BRANCH   (Canada)

Author keywords

British Columbia; Demography; Douglas fir; Glaucomys sabrinus; Northern flying squirrel; Partial harvesting; Red squirrel; Tamias amoenus; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; Yellow pine chipmunk

Indexed keywords

CONIFEROUS FOREST; DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION; LOGGING (TIMBER); POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION ESTIMATION; RODENT; TIMBER HARVESTING;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

GLAUCOMYS SABRINUS; PSEUDOTSUGA; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII GLAUCA; SCIURIDAE; TAMIAS AMOENUS; TAMIASCIURUS; TAMIASCIURUS HUDSONICUS;

EID: 48249113981     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2193/2004-320     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amaranthus, M., J. M. Trappe, L. Bednar, and D. Arthur. 1994. Hypogeous fungal production in mature Douglas-fir forest fragments and surrounding plantations and its relation to coarse woody debris and animal mycophagy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:2157-2165.
2. Amman, G. D., M. D. McGregor, R. F. Schmitz, and R. D. Oakes. 1988. Susceptibility of lodgepole pine to infestation by mountain pine beetles following partial cutting of stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18:688-695.
3. Bealle-Statland, C. 1998. Stand structure and growth estimates for the Opax Mountain silviculture systems trial. Pages 136-148 in A. Vyse, C. Hollstedt, and D. Huggard, editors. Managing the dry Douglas-fir forests of the Southern Interior: workshop proceedings. British Columbia Ministry of Forests Working Paper 34, Victoria, Canada.
4. Beese, W. J., and A. A. Bryant. 1999. Effect of alternative silvicultural systems on vegetation and bird communities in coastal montane forests of British Columbia, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management 115:231-245.
5. Bradbury, S. M., R. M. Danielson, and S. Visser. 1998. Ectomycorrhizas of regenerating stands of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Canadian Journal of Botany 67:218-227.
6. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 1998. Model selection and inference - a practical information-theoretic approach. Spring-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
7. Carey, A. B. 1995. Sciurids in Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:648-661.
8. Carey, A. B. 2000. Effects of new forest management strategies on squirrel populations. Ecological Applications 10:248-257.
9. Carey, A. B. 2001. Experimental manipulation of spatial heterogeneity in Douglas-fir forests: effects on squirrels. Forest Ecology and Management 152:13-30.
10. Carey, A. B., S. P. Horton, and B. L. Biswell. 1992. Northern spotted owls: influence of prey base and landscape character. Ecological Monographs 62:223-250.
11. Carey, A. B., J. Kershner, B. Biswell, and L. D. de Toledo. 1999. Ecological scale and forest development: squirrels, dietary fungi, and vascular plants in managed and unmanaged forests. Wildlife Monographs 142.
12. Chambers, C. L., W. C. McComb, and J. C. Tappeiner, II. 1999. Breeding bird responses to three silvicultural treatments in the Oregon Coast range. Ecological Applications 9:171-185.
13. Chappell, M. A. 1978. Behavioral factors in the altitudinal zonation of chipmunks (Eutamias). Ecology 59:565-579.
14. Childs, S. W., and L. E. Flint. 1987. Effect of shadecards, shelterwoods, and clearcuts on temperature and moisture environments. Forest Ecology and Management 18:205-217.
15. Colgan, W., III, A. B. Carey, J. M. Trappe, R. Molina, and D. Thysell. 1999. Diversity and productivity of hypogeous fungal sporocarps in a variably thinned Douglas-fir forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:1259-1268.
16. Currah, R. S., E. A. Smreciu, T. Lehesvirta, M. Niemi, and K. W. Larsen. 2000. Fungi in the winter diets of northern flying squirrels and red squirrels in the boreal mixed-wood forest of northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 78:1514-1520.
17. Davis, G., and M. Machmer. 1998. Armillaria studies in British Columbia 1975-1995: summary. British Columbia Ministry of Forests Report TR-017, Nelson, Canada.
18. DeLong, D. L., and G. Butts. 1994. Natural regeneration under partially cut stands in the ICH zone. British Columbia Forest Sciences Section Report RS-014, Victoria, Canada.
19. Ehrlich, P. R. 1996. Conservation in temperate forests: what do we need to know and do? Forest Ecology and Management 85:9-19.
20. Ganzhorn, J. U., S. Malcomber, O. Andrianantoanina, and S. M. Goodman. 1997. Habitat characteristics and lemur species richness in Madagascar. Biotropica 29:331-343.
21. Hansen, A. J., S. L. Garman, and B. Marks. 1993. An approach for managing vertebrate diversity across multiple-use landscapes. Ecological Applications 3:481-496.
22. Kemp, G. A., and L. B. Keith. 1970. Dynamics and regulation of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) populations. Ecology 51:765-779.
23. Klenner, W., and C. J. Krebs. 1991. Red squirrel population dynamics. I. The effect of supplemental food on demography. Journal of Animal Ecology 60:961-978.
24. Klenner, W., and A. Vyse. 1998. The Opax Mountain silvicultural systems project: evaluating alternative approaches to managing dry Douglas-fir forests. Pages 128-135 in A. Vyse, C. Hollstedt, and D. Huggard, editors. Managing the dry Douglas-fir forests of the Southern Interior: workshop proceedings. British Columbia Ministry of Forests Working Paper 34, Victoria, Canada.
25. Krebs, C. J. 1999. Ecological methodology. Second edition. Addison-Welsey Educational, Menlo Park, California, USA.
26. Lance, A. N., and M. Phinney. 2001. Bird responses to partial retention timber harvesting in central interior British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management 142:267-280.
27. Lehmkuhl, J. F., S. D. West, C. L. Chambers, W. C. McComb, D. A. Manuwal, K. B. Aubry, J. L. Erickson, R. A. Gitzen, and M. Leu. 1999. An experiment for assessing vertebrate response to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention. Northwest Science 73(Special Issue):45-63.
28. Lloyd, D., K. Angove, G. Hope, and C. Thompson. 1990. A guide to site identification and interpretation for the Kamloops Forest Region. British Columbia Ministry of Forests Land Management Handbook Number 23, Victoria, Canada.
29. Maser, C., J. M. Trappe, and R. A. Nussbaum. 1978. Fungal-small mammal interrelationships with emphasis on Oregon coniferous forests. Ecology 59:799-809.
30. Maser, Z., C. Maser, and J. M. Trappe. 1985. Food habits of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) in Oregon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:1084-1088.
31. North, N., J. Trappe, and J. Franklin. 1997. Standing crop and animal consumption of fungal sporocarps in Pacific Northwest forests. Ecology 78:1543-1554.
32. Norton, M. R., and S. J. Hannon. 1997. Songbird response to partial-cut logging in the boreal mixed-wood forest of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:44-53.
33. Noss, R. F. 1999. Assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity: a suggested framework and indicators. Forest Ecology and Management 115:135-146.
34. Patton, D. R., R. L. Wadleigh, and H. G. Hudak. 1985. The effects of timber harvesting on the Kaibab squirrel. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:14-19.
35. Pyare, S., and W. S. Longland. 2001. Patterns of ectomycorrhizal-fungi consumption by small mammals in remnant old-growth forests of the Sierra Nevada. Journal of Mammalogy 82:681-689.
36. Ransome, D. B. 2001. Population ecology and resource limitation of northern flying squirrels and Douglas squirrels. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
37. Ransome, D. B., and T. P. Sullivan. 1997. Food limitation and habitat preference of Glaucomys sabrinus and Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. Journal of Mammalogy 78:538-549.
38. Ransome, D. B., and T. P. Sullivan. 2004. Effects of food and den-site supplementation on populations of Glaucomys sabrinus and Tamiasciurus douglasii. Journal of Mammalogy 85:206-215.
39. Riegel, G. M., and R. F. Miller. 1992. Competition for resources between understory vegetation and overstory Pinus ponderosa in northeastern Oregon. Ecological Applications 2:71-85.
40. Rusch, D. A., and W. G. Reeder. 1978. Population ecology of Alberta red squirrels. Ecology 59:400-420.
41. Schieck, J., and K. A. Hobson. 2000. Bird communities associated with live residual tree patches within cut blocks and burned habitat in mixed-wood boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30:1281-1295.
42. Smith, C. C. 1968a. The adaptive nature of social organization in the genus of three squirrels Tamiasciurus. Ecological Monographs 38:31-63.
43. Smith, M. C. 1968b. Red squirrel response to spruce cone failure in interior Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 32:305-316.
44. Sullivan, T. P. 1990. Responses of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) populations to supplemental food. Journal of Mammalogy 71:579-590.
45. Sullivan, T. P., and W. Klenner. 2000. Response of northwestern chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) to variable habitat structure in young lodgepole pine forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:283-293.
46. Sullivan, T. P., and D. S. Sullivan. 2001. Influence of variable retention harvests on forest ecosystems II. Diversity and population dynamics of small mammals. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:1234-1252.
47. Sullivan, T. P., D. S. Sullivan, and C. J. Krebs. 1983. Demographic responses of a chipmunk (Eutamias townsendii) population with supplemental food. The Journal of Animal Ecology 52:743-755.
48. Sullivan, T. P., D. S. Sullivan, and P. M. Lindgren. 2001. Stand structure and small mammals in young lodgepole pine forest: 10-year results after thinning. Ecological Applications 11:1151-1173.
49. Sutton, D. A. 1992. Tamias amoenus. Mammalian Species 390:1-8.
50. Thomas, S. C., C. B. Halpern, D. A. Falk, D. A. Liguori, and K. A. Austin. 1999. Plant diversity in managed forests: understory responses to thinning and fertilization. Ecological Applications 9:864-879.
51. Thysell, D. R., and A. B. Carey. 2001. Manipulation of density of Pseudotsuga menziesii canopies: preliminary effects on understory vegetation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:1513-1525.
52. Tittler, R., S. J. Hannon, and M. R. Norton. 2001. Residual tree retention ameliorates short-term effects of clear-cutting on some boreal songbirds. Ecological Applications 11:1656-1666.
53. Waters, J. R., and C. J. Zabel. 1995. Northern flying squirrel densities in fir forests of northeastern California. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:858-866.
54. Wells-Gosling, N., and L. R. Heaney. 1984. Glaucomys sabrinus. Mammalian Species 229:1-8.
55. Zenner, E. K. 2000. Do residual trees increase structural complexity in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests? Ecological Applications 10:800-810.