메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 191-196

Verification of handwritten signatures: An overview

(2)  Impedovo, S a   Pirlo, G a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DAILY LIVES; HANDWRITTEN SIGNATURE VERIFICATIONS; HANDWRITTEN SIGNATURES; PERSONAL VERIFICATIONS;

EID: 48149113589     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1109/ICIAP.2007.4362778     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (43)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 3242768505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in high-speed Internet security
    • July
    • P. Jungck, S.S.Y. Shim, "Issues in high-speed Internet security", IEEE Computer, Vol. 37, Issue 7, July 2004, pp. 36-42.
    • (2004) IEEE Computer , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 36-42
    • Jungck, P.1    Shim, S.S.Y.2
  • 2
    • 12844283333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Andrews and J. A. Whittaker, Computer security, IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine, 2, Issue 5, 2004, pp. 68-71.
    • M. Andrews and J. A. Whittaker, "Computer security", IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine, Vol. 2, Issue 5, 2004, pp. 68-71.
  • 3
    • 33747022004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Faundez-Zanuy, Biometric security technology, IEEE Magazine on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 21, Issue 6, Part 2, June 2006, pp. 15-26.
    • M. Faundez-Zanuy, "Biometric security technology", IEEE Magazine on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 21, Issue 6, Part 2, June 2006, pp. 15-26.
  • 4
    • 0035108586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to biometric security technology
    • S. Liu and M. Silverman, "A practical guide to biometric security technology", IEEE IT Professional, Vol. 3, N. 1, 2001, pp. 27-32
    • (2001) IEEE IT Professional , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-32
    • Liu, S.1    Silverman, M.2
  • 5
    • 0024861588 scopus 로고
    • Automatic signature verification and writer identification: The state of the art
    • R.Plamondon and G.Lorette, "Automatic signature verification and writer identification: The state of the art", Pattern Recog. Vol. 22, N. 2, 1989, pp. 107-131.
    • (1989) Pattern Recog , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-131
    • Plamondon, R.1    Lorette, G.2
  • 6
    • 0002377851 scopus 로고
    • Automatic signature verification: The state of the art- 1989-1993
    • F. Leclerc and R. Plamondon, "Automatic signature verification: The state of the art- 1989-1993", IJPRAI, Vol. 8, n. 3, 1994, pp. 643-660.
    • (1994) IJPRAI , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 643-660
    • Leclerc, F.1    Plamondon, R.2
  • 7
    • 0042500854 scopus 로고
    • Algorithms for Signature Verification
    • ed. S. Impedovo, Springer Verlag, Berlin
    • G. Pirlo, "Algorithms for Signature Verification", in Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition, ed. S. Impedovo, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1994, pp. 433-454.
    • (1994) Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition , pp. 433-454
    • Pirlo, G.1
  • 9
    • 0032299706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Perspectives in Automatic Signature Verification
    • 3, No. 1, pp. 52-59
    • M.C. Fairhurst, "New Perspectives in Automatic Signature Verification", Information Security Technical Report, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1998, pp. 52-59.
    • Information Security Technical Report , pp. 1998
    • Fairhurst, M.C.1
  • 10
    • 0002897112 scopus 로고
    • Optical character recognition-A survey
    • S.Impedovo, L.Ottaviano, S.Occhinegro,"Optical character recognition-A survey", IJPRAI, Vol.5, n.1-2, 1991, pp. 1-24.
    • (1991) IJPRAI , vol.5 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-24
    • Impedovo, S.1    Ottaviano, L.2    Occhinegro, S.3
  • 11
    • 48149090875 scopus 로고
    • Signature Identification Via Local Association of Features
    • Montréal, Canada, Aug
    • rd ICDAR, IEEE Press, Montréal, Canada, Vol. 1, Aug. 1995, pp. 187-190.
    • (1995) rd ICDAR, IEEE Press , vol.1 , pp. 187-190
    • Han, K.1    Sethi, I.K.2
  • 12
    • 48149115476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the new digital sign pen system using tactile sensor for handwritten recognition
    • Kawasaki, Japan
    • S. Omata, "Development of the new digital sign pen system using tactile sensor for handwritten recognition", Tech. Dig. 18th Sensor Symposium 2001, Kawasaki, Japan, 29-30, 2001, pp. 131-136.
    • (2001) Tech. Dig. 18th Sensor Symposium
    • Omata, S.1
  • 13
    • 1242298543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An electrical pen for signature verification using a two-dimensional optical angle sensor
    • H. Shimizu, S. Kiyono, T. Motoki, W. Gao, "An electrical pen for signature verification using a two-dimensional optical angle sensor", Sensors and Actuators, Vol. 111, 2004, pp. 216-221.
    • (2004) Sensors and Actuators , vol.111 , pp. 216-221
    • Shimizu, H.1    Kiyono, S.2    Motoki, T.3    Gao, W.4
  • 15
    • 0036522408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual Input for Pen-Based Computers
    • March
    • M. E. Munich and P. Perona, "Visual Input for Pen-Based Computers", IEEE T-PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 3, March 2002, pp. 313-328.
    • (2002) IEEE T-PAMI , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-328
    • Munich, M.E.1    Perona, P.2
  • 16
    • 0030406003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A New Data Tablet System for Handwriting Characters and Drawing Based on Image Processing
    • Man and Cybernetics
    • T. Yamasaki and T.Hattori, "A New Data Tablet System for Handwriting Characters and Drawing Based on Image Processing", International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1996, pp. 428-431.
    • (1996) International Conference on Systems , pp. 428-431
    • Yamasaki, T.1    Hattori, T.2
  • 17
    • 84867391862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M.E.Munich and P. Perona, Camera-Based ID verification by Signature Tracking, LNCS 1406, Springer-Verlag, H. Burkhardt and B. Neumann (Eds.), I, 1998, pp. 782-796.
    • M.E.Munich and P. Perona, "Camera-Based ID verification by Signature Tracking", LNCS 1406, Springer-Verlag, H. Burkhardt and B. Neumann (Eds.), Vol. I, 1998, pp. 782-796.
  • 18
    • 48149108196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Shridhar, G. Houle, R. Bakker, F. Kimura, Real-Time Feature-Based Automatic Signature Verification, 10th IWFHR, La Baule, France, Oct. 2006.
    • M. Shridhar, G. Houle, R. Bakker, F. Kimura, "Real-Time Feature-Based Automatic Signature Verification", 10th IWFHR, La Baule, France, Oct. 2006.
  • 19
    • 0030173701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable On-Line Human Signature Verification Systems
    • June
    • L.L. Lee, T. Berger and E. Aviczer, "Reliable On-Line Human Signature Verification Systems", IEEE T-PAMI, Vol. 18, No. 6, June 1996, pp. 643-647.
    • (1996) IEEE T-PAMI , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 643-647
    • Lee, L.L.1    Berger, T.2    Aviczer, E.3
  • 20
    • 0030785272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signature Verification Using Multiple Neural Classifiers
    • R. Bajaj and S. Chaudhury, "Signature Verification Using Multiple Neural Classifiers", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 30, No. 1, 1997, pp. 1-7.
    • (1997) Patt. Recogn , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Bajaj, R.1    Chaudhury, S.2
  • 21
    • 0035254902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new signature verification technique based on a two-stage neural network classifier
    • H. Baltzakis, N. Papamarkos, "A new signature verification technique based on a two-stage neural network classifier", Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 14, 2001, pp. 95-103.
    • (2001) Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence , vol.14 , pp. 95-103
    • Baltzakis, H.1    Papamarkos, N.2
  • 22
    • 0027891958 scopus 로고
    • Verification of Handwritten Signature Images by multi-resolution Wavelet Analysis
    • Y. Qi and B.R. Hunt, "Verification of Handwritten Signature Images by multi-resolution Wavelet Analysis", ICPR, 1993, pp. 6-10.
    • (1993) ICPR , pp. 6-10
    • Qi, Y.1    Hunt, B.R.2
  • 23
    • 0030780328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-line signature verification based on geometric feature extraction and neural network classification
    • Jan
    • K. Huang and H. Yan, "Off-line signature verification based on geometric feature extraction and neural network classification", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 30, Issue 1, Jan. 1997, pp. 9-17.
    • (1997) Patt. Recogn , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-17
    • Huang, K.1    Yan, H.2
  • 24
    • 48149091572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O.A. Yedekcoglu, M.B. Akban, Y.H. Lim, Off-line signature verification with thickened templates, 5th COMCON, Crete, Greece, 1995, pp. 131-142.
    • O.A. Yedekcoglu, M.B. Akban, Y.H. Lim, "Off-line signature verification with thickened templates", 5th COMCON, Crete, Greece, 1995, pp. 131-142.
  • 25
    • 0001035608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-expert signature verification system for bankcheck processing
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, A. Salzo, "A multi-expert signature verification system for bankcheck processing", IJPRAI, Vol. 11, No. 5, 1997, pp. 827-844.
    • (1997) IJPRAI , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 827-844
    • Dimauro, G.1    Impedovo, S.2    Pirlo, G.3    Salzo, A.4
  • 26
    • 5244343153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic Bankcheck Processing: A New Engineered System
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, and A. Salzo, "Automatic Bankcheck Processing: A New Engineered System", IJPRAI, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1997, pp. 467-504.
    • (1997) IJPRAI , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-504
    • Dimauro, G.1    Impedovo, S.2    Pirlo, G.3    Salzo, A.4
  • 27
    • 1242353040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offline Chinese signature verification system with information fusion
    • Y. Ding, Q. Chen, J. Wang, "Offline Chinese signature verification system with information fusion", SPIE, Vol. 5286, 2003, pp. 875-878.
    • (2003) SPIE , vol.5286 , pp. 875-878
    • Ding, Y.1    Chen, Q.2    Wang, J.3
  • 28
    • 0029235089 scopus 로고
    • The design of an intelligent signature processing system for banking environment
    • S.-C.Hui, W.-C.Teo, "The design of an intelligent signature processing system for banking environment", TENCON, 1994, Vol.2,pp.976-980.
    • (1994) TENCON , vol.2 , pp. 976-980
    • Hui, S.C.1    Teo, W.C.2
  • 29
    • 0030653008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R.S. Kashi, J. Hu, W.L. Nelson, W. Turin, On-line Handwritten Signature Verification using Hidden Markov Model Features, 4 ICDAR, IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, I, Aug. 1997, pp. 253-257.
    • R.S. Kashi, J. Hu, W.L. Nelson, W. Turin, "On-line Handwritten Signature Verification using Hidden Markov Model Features", 4 ICDAR, IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Vol. I, Aug. 1997, pp. 253-257.
  • 30
    • 51749121828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Hidden Markov Model approach to online handwritten signature verification
    • R.S. Kashi, J. Hu, W.L. Nelson, and W.L. Turin, "A Hidden Markov Model approach to online handwritten signature verification", IJDAR, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1998, pp. 102-109.
    • (1998) IJDAR , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 102-109
    • Kashi, R.S.1    Hu, J.2    Nelson, W.L.3    Turin, W.L.4
  • 33
    • 0036887670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. K. Jain, Friederike D. Griess, Scott D. Connell, On-line signature verification, Patt. Recogn., 35, No. 12, Dec. 2002, pp. 2963-2972.
    • A. K. Jain, Friederike D. Griess, Scott D. Connell, "On-line signature verification", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 35, No. 12, Dec. 2002, pp. 2963-2972.
  • 34
    • 35048878839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. J. Igarza, L. Gómez, I. Hernáez and I. Goirizelaia, Searching for an Optimal Reference System for On-Line Signature Verification Based on (x, y) Alignment, ICBA 2004, LNCS 3072, Springer-Verlag, D. Zhang and A.K. Jain (Eds.), 2004, pp. 519-525.
    • J. J. Igarza, L. Gómez, I. Hernáez and I. Goirizelaia, "Searching for an Optimal Reference System for On-Line Signature Verification Based on (x, y) Alignment", ICBA 2004, LNCS 3072, Springer-Verlag, D. Zhang and A.K. Jain (Eds.), 2004, pp. 519-525.
  • 35
    • 48149096522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, A Stroke-Oriented Approach to Signature Verification, in From Pixels to Features III, Elsevier Science Publ., S. Impedovo and J.C. Simon (Eds.), 1992, pp. 371-384.
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, "A Stroke-Oriented Approach to Signature Verification", in From Pixels to Features III, Elsevier Science Publ., S. Impedovo and J.C. Simon (Eds.), 1992, pp. 371-384.
  • 36
    • 0001200978 scopus 로고
    • Component-Oriented Algorithms for Signature Verification
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, "Component-Oriented Algorithms for Signature Verification", IJPRAI, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1994, pp. 771-794.
    • (1994) IJPRAI , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 771-794
    • Dimauro, G.1    Impedovo, S.2    Pirlo, G.3
  • 37
    • 0041427810 scopus 로고
    • The Design of an On-Line Signature Verification System: From Theory to Practice
    • R. Plamondon, "The Design of an On-Line Signature Verification System: From Theory to Practice", IJPRAI, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1994, pp. 795-811.
    • (1994) IJPRAI , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 795-811
    • Plamondon, R.1
  • 38
    • 0003198692 scopus 로고
    • A multi-level signature verification system
    • S.Impedovo and J.C.Simon eds, Elsevier Publ, pp
    • R.Plamondon, P.Yergeau and J.J.Brault, "A multi-level signature verification system", in From Pixels to Features III, S.Impedovo and J.C.Simon eds., Elsevier Publ., pp. 363-370, 1992.
    • (1992) From Pixels to Features III , pp. 363-370
    • Plamondon, R.1    Yergeau, P.2    Brault, J.J.3
  • 39
    • 0032295657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved segmentation through dynamic time warping for signature verification using a neural network classifier
    • Chicago, USA, Oct
    • W.-S. Lee, N. Mohankrishnan, M.J. Paulik, "Improved segmentation through dynamic time warping for signature verification using a neural network classifier", IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Chicago, USA, Vol. II, Oct. 1998, pp. 929-933.
    • (1998) IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) , vol.2 , pp. 929-933
    • Lee, W.-S.1    Mohankrishnan, N.2    Paulik, M.J.3
  • 40
    • 48149093995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, Off-line Signature Verification through Fundamental Strokes Analysis, in Progress in Image Analysis and Processing III, World Scient. Publ., S.Impedovo (Ed.),1994,pp.331-337.
    • G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, "Off-line Signature Verification through Fundamental Strokes Analysis", in Progress in Image Analysis and Processing III, World Scient. Publ., S.Impedovo (Ed.),1994,pp.331-337.
  • 42
    • 0027657299 scopus 로고
    • Segmenting handwritten signatures at their perceptually important points
    • J.-J. Brault and R. Plamondon, "Segmenting handwritten signatures at their perceptually important points", IEEE T-PAMI, Vol. 15, No. 9, 1993, pp. 953-957.
    • (1993) IEEE T-PAMI , vol.15 , Issue.9 , pp. 953-957
    • Brault, J.-J.1    Plamondon, R.2
  • 44
    • 0242657970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using geometric extrema for segment-to-segment characteristics comparison in online signature verification
    • Jan
    • J.Lee,H.S.Yoon,J.Soh,B.T.Chun,Y.K.Chung,"Using geometric extrema for segment-to-segment characteristics comparison in online signature verification", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 37, No. 1, Jan. 2004, pp. 93-103.
    • (2004) Patt. Recogn , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-103
    • Lee, J.1    Yoon, H.S.2    Soh, J.3    Chun, B.T.4    Chung, Y.K.5
  • 45
    • 0004494236 scopus 로고
    • On-line Signature Verification by a Dynamic Segmentation Technique
    • Buffalo, New York, USA, May
    • th IWFHR, Buffalo, New York, USA, May 1993, pp. 262-271.
    • (1993) th IWFHR , pp. 262-271
    • Dimauro, G.1    Impedovo, S.2    Pirlo, G.3
  • 46
    • 84951768835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T.H. Rhee, S.J. Cho and J.H. Kim, On-Line Signature Verification Using Model-Guided Segmentation and Discriminative Feature Selection for Skilled Forgeries, 6th ICDAR, Seattle, Washington, USA, Sept. 2001, pp. 645-649.
    • T.H. Rhee, S.J. Cho and J.H. Kim, "On-Line Signature Verification Using Model-Guided Segmentation and Discriminative Feature Selection for Skilled Forgeries", 6th ICDAR, Seattle, Washington, USA, Sept. 2001, pp. 645-649.
  • 47
    • 0017490399 scopus 로고
    • Automatic Signature Verification Based on Accelerometry
    • N.M. Herbst and C.N. Liu, "Automatic Signature Verification Based on Accelerometry", IBM J.Res.Dev., Vol. 21, 1977, pp. 245-253.
    • (1977) IBM J.Res.Dev , vol.21 , pp. 245-253
    • Herbst, N.M.1    Liu, C.N.2
  • 48
    • 0019032865 scopus 로고
    • Optimal accelerometer layouts for Data Recovery in Signature Verification
    • J.S. Lew, "Optimal accelerometer layouts for Data Recovery in Signature Verification", IBM J.Res.Dev.,Vol.24, 1980, pp. 496-511.
    • (1980) IBM J.Res.Dev , vol.24 , pp. 496-511
    • Lew, J.S.1
  • 49
    • 0031177392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line signature verification based on split-and-merge matching mechanism
    • July
    • Q.-Z. Wu, S.-Y. Lee, I.-C. Jou, "On-line signature verification based on split-and-merge matching mechanism", Patt. Recogn. Letters, Vol. 18, No. 7, July 1997, pp. 665-673.
    • (1997) Patt. Recogn. Letters , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 665-673
    • Wu, Q.-Z.1    Lee, S.-Y.2    Jou, I.-C.3
  • 51
    • 0032096026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetoelastic sensor for signature identification based on mechanomagnetic effect in amorphous wires
    • A. Zhukov, M. Vaqquez, Garcia-Beneytez, "Magnetoelastic sensor for signature identification based on mechanomagnetic effect in amorphous wires", J. Phys., Vol. IV (8), 1998, pp. 763-766.
    • (1998) J. Phys , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 763-766
    • Zhukov, A.1    Vaqquez, M.2    Beneytez, G.3
  • 52
    • 5244230406 scopus 로고
    • On-line signature verification incorporating the direction of pen movement - An experimental examination of the effectiveness
    • Elsevier Publishing, North-Holland, S. Impedovo and J.C. Simon Eds
    • I. Yoshimura and M. Yoshimura, "On-line signature verification incorporating the direction of pen movement - An experimental examination of the effectiveness", in From Pixels to Features III, Elsevier Publishing, North-Holland, S. Impedovo and J.C. Simon (Eds.), 1992, pp. 353-362.
    • (1992) From Pixels to Features III , pp. 353-362
    • Yoshimura, I.1    Yoshimura, M.2
  • 53
    • 0004473634 scopus 로고
    • On-Line Signature Verification Incorporating the Direction of Pen Movement
    • July
    • M.Yoshimura, Y.Kato, S.-I. Matsuda and I.Yoshimura, "On-Line Signature Verification Incorporating the Direction of Pen Movement", IEICE Transactions, Vol. E-74, No. 7, July 1991, pp. 2083-2092.
    • (1991) IEICE Transactions , vol.E-74 , Issue.7 , pp. 2083-2092
    • Yoshimura, M.1    Kato, Y.2    Matsuda, S.-I.3    Yoshimura, I.4
  • 54
    • 8844247658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. J. Igarza, I.Goirizelaia, K. Espinosa, I. Hernáez, R. Méndez and J. Sánchez, Online Handwritten Signature Verification Using Hidden Markov Models, CIARP 2003, LNCS 2905, Springer-Verlag, A. Sanfeliu and J. Ruiz-Shulcloper (Eds.), 2003, pp. 391-399.
    • J. J. Igarza, I.Goirizelaia, K. Espinosa, I. Hernáez, R. Méndez and J. Sánchez, "Online Handwritten Signature Verification Using Hidden Markov Models", CIARP 2003, LNCS 2905, Springer-Verlag, A. Sanfeliu and J. Ruiz-Shulcloper (Eds.), 2003, pp. 391-399.
  • 55
    • 28744451035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of On-line Signature Verification System Robust to Intersession Variability
    • Springer-Verlag, M. Tistarelli, J. Bigun, A.K. Jain Eds
    • M. Kawamoto, T.Hamamoto, S.Hangai, "Improvement of On-line Signature Verification System Robust to Intersession Variability", LNCS 2359, Springer-Verlag , M. Tistarelli, J. Bigun, A.K. Jain (Eds.), 2002, pp. 168-175.
    • (2002) LNCS , vol.2359 , pp. 168-175
    • Kawamoto, M.1    Hamamoto, T.2    Hangai, S.3
  • 56
    • 23044531838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-Line Signature Verification Using a Computational Intelligence Approach
    • Springer-Verlag
    • W. S.Wijesoma, Ma. Mingming and K.W. Yue, "On-Line Signature Verification Using a Computational Intelligence Approach", LNCS - Vol. 2206, Springer-Verlag , 2001, pp. 699-711.
    • (2001) LNCS , vol.2206 , pp. 699-711
    • Wijesoma, W.S.1    Mingming, M.2    Yue, K.W.3
  • 57
    • 0242435738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of access through biometric control: A case study based on automatic signature verification
    • Springer-Verlag
    • M.C. Fairhust, S. Ng, "Management of access through biometric control: A case study based on automatic signature verification", Universal Access in the Information Society (UAIS), Springer-Verlag, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001, pp. 31-39.
    • (2001) Universal Access in the Information Society (UAIS) , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-39
    • Fairhust, M.C.1    Ng, S.2
  • 58
    • 2342436379 scopus 로고
    • Reliable on-line human signature verification systems for point-of-sales applications, 12th
    • Jerusalem
    • L.L. Lee and T. Berger, "Reliable on-line human signature verification systems for point-of-sales applications", 12th ICPR, Jerusalem, Vol. II, 1994, pp. 19-23.
    • (1994) ICPR , vol.2 , pp. 19-23
    • Lee, L.L.1    Berger, T.2
  • 59
    • 0010163609 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten signature verification: A global approach
    • S. Impedovo Ed, Springer, Berlin
    • F. Nouboud, "Handwritten signature verification: a global approach", in: Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition,. S. Impedovo (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, 1994, pp. 455-459.
    • (1994) Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition , pp. 455-459
    • Nouboud, F.1
  • 60
    • 48149106649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Congedo, G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, Off-line Signature Verification by Fundamental Components Analysis, Progress in Image Analysis and Processing III, World Scientific, S. Impedovo (Ed.), Capitolo, Monopoli, Italy, Sept. 1993, pp. 331-337.
    • G. Congedo, G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, "Off-line Signature Verification by Fundamental Components Analysis", Progress in Image Analysis and Processing III, World Scientific, S. Impedovo (Ed.), Capitolo, Monopoli, Italy, Sept. 1993, pp. 331-337.
  • 61
    • 34047240563 scopus 로고
    • Neural network signature verification using Haar wavelet and Fourier transforms
    • D.K.R. McCormack, B.M. Brown, J.F. Pedersen, "Neural network signature verification using Haar wavelet and Fourier transforms", SPIE, 1993, pp. 14-25.
    • (1993) SPIE , pp. 14-25
    • McCormack, D.K.R.1    Brown, B.M.2    Pedersen, J.F.3
  • 63
    • 0242604055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating local consistency information into the online signature verification process
    • R. Martens and L. Claesen, "Incorporating local consistency information into the online signature verification process", IJDAR, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1998, pp. 110-115.
    • (1998) IJDAR , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 110-115
    • Martens, R.1    Claesen, L.2
  • 64
    • 0033079110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-line signature verification using genetically optimized weighted features
    • V.E. Ramesh and M. Narasimha Murty, "Off-line signature verification using genetically optimized weighted features", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 32, No. 2, 1999, pp. 217-233.
    • (1999) Patt. Recogn , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-233
    • Ramesh, V.E.1    Narasimha Murty, M.2
  • 65
    • 0025623138 scopus 로고
    • Structural description and classification of signature images
    • M. Ammar, Y.Yoshida and T. Fukumura, "Structural description and classification of signature images", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 23, No. 7, 1990, pp. 697-710.
    • (1990) Patt. Recogn , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 697-710
    • Ammar, M.1    Yoshida, Y.2    Fukumura, T.3
  • 68
    • 48149085260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E.J.R. Justino, A. El Yacoubi, F. Bortolozzi, R. Sabourin An Off-Line Signature Verification System Using HMM and Graphometric Features, DAS 2000, Rio de Janeiro, Dec. 2000, pp. 211-222.
    • E.J.R. Justino, A. El Yacoubi, F. Bortolozzi, R. Sabourin ""An Off-Line Signature Verification System Using HMM and Graphometric Features", DAS 2000, Rio de Janeiro, Dec. 2000, pp. 211-222.
  • 69
    • 0001310222 scopus 로고
    • A static signature verification system based on a cooperating neural networks architecture
    • H.Cardot, M.Revenu, B.Victorri, M.-J.Revillet, "A static signature verification system based on a cooperating neural networks architecture", IJPRAI, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 679-692, 1994.
    • (1994) IJPRAI , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 679-692
    • Cardot, H.1    Revenu, M.2    Victorri, B.3    Revillet, M.J.4
  • 70
    • 0010163609 scopus 로고
    • Handwritten signature verification: A global approach
    • S. Impedovo Ed, Springer, Berlin
    • F. Nouboud, "Handwritten signature verification: a global approach", in: Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition,. S. Impedovo (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, 1994, pp. 455-459.
    • (1994) Fundamentals in Handwriting Recognition , pp. 455-459
    • Nouboud, F.1
  • 71
    • 0028733234 scopus 로고
    • Identification and authentication of handwritten signatures with a connectionist approach
    • July
    • I. Pottier and G. Burel, "Identification and authentication of handwritten signatures with a connectionist approach", IEEE Conference on Neural Networks, July 1994, pp. 2948-2951.
    • (1994) IEEE Conference on Neural Networks , pp. 2948-2951
    • Pottier, I.1    Burel, G.2
  • 72
    • 0029322753 scopus 로고
    • A multiresolution approach to computer verification of handwritten signatures, IEEE
    • June
    • Y. Qi and B.R. Hunt, "A multiresolution approach to computer verification of handwritten signatures", IEEE T-IP, Vol. 4, No. 6, June 1995, pp. 870-874.
    • (1995) T-IP , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 870-874
    • Qi, Y.1    Hunt, B.R.2
  • 73
    • 0030689369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shape Matrices as a Mixed Shape Factor for Off-line Signature Verification
    • IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Aug
    • R.Sabourin, J.-P. Drouhard and E.S.Wah, "Shape Matrices as a Mixed Shape Factor for Off-line Signature Verification", 4th ICDAR, IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Vol. II, Aug. 1997, pp. 661-665.
    • (1997) 4th ICDAR , vol.2 , pp. 661-665
    • Sabourin, R.1    Drouhard, J.-P.2    Wah, E.S.3
  • 74
    • 84867045810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Cascaded Multiple Expert System for Verification
    • Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, J. Kittler and F. Roli Eds, Cagliari, Italy, June
    • st MCS, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, J. Kittler and F. Roli (Eds.), Cagliari, Italy, June 2000, pp. 330-339.
    • (2000) st MCS , pp. 330-339
    • Cordella, L.P.1    Foggia, P.2    Sansone, C.3    Tortorella, F.4    Vento, M.5
  • 75
    • 48149088108 scopus 로고
    • Parameter Reduction and Personalized Parameter Selection for Automatic Signature Verification
    • Montréal, Canada, Aug
    • rd ICDAR, IEEE Press, Montréal, Canada, Vol. 1, Aug. 1995, pp. 183-186.
    • (1995) rd ICDAR, IEEE Press , vol.1 , pp. 183-186
    • Bauer, F.1    Wirtz, B.2
  • 76
    • 0033327538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GloveSignature: A Virtual-Reality-Based System for Dynamic Signature Verification
    • Oct
    • A.S. Tolba, "GloveSignature: A Virtual-Reality-Based System for Dynamic Signature Verification", Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 9, Issue 4, Oct. 1999, pp. 241-266.
    • (1999) Digital Signal Processing , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 241-266
    • Tolba, A.S.1
  • 77
    • 85017213934 scopus 로고
    • Applying Personalized Weights to a Feature Set for On-line Signature Verification
    • Montréal, Canada, Aug
    • rd ICDAR, IEEE Press, Montréal, Canada, Vol. 1, Aug. 1995, pp. 882-885.
    • (1995) rd ICDAR, IEEE Press , vol.1 , pp. 882-885
    • Kim, S.H.1    Park, M.S.2    Kim, J.3
  • 78
    • 50649098553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L.L. Lee On two-pattem classification and feature selection using neural networks, ICASSP '94, 1994, II, 1994, pp. 617-620
    • L.L. Lee "On two-pattem classification and feature selection using neural networks", ICASSP '94, 1994, Vol. II, 1994, pp. 617-620
  • 79
    • 0034500619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting Optimal Personalized Features for On-line Signature Verification Using GA
    • Man, and Cybernetics
    • W.S. Wijesoma, Ma. Mingming, E. Sung, "Selecting Optimal Personalized Features for On-line Signature Verification Using GA", IEEE International Conf. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 4, 2000, pp. 2740-2745.
    • (2000) IEEE International Conf. on Systems , vol.4 , pp. 2740-2745
    • Wijesoma, W.S.1    Mingming, M.2    Sung, E.3
  • 80
    • 84929482922 scopus 로고
    • Constructing a High Performance Signature Verification System Using a GA Method
    • 95, Dunedin, New Zealand, November 20-23
    • Y. Xuhua, T.Furuhashi, K.Obata, Y.Uchikawa, "Constructing a High Performance Signature Verification System Using a GA Method", Proc. ANNES '95, Dunedin, New Zealand, November 20-23, 1995, pp. 170-173.
    • (1995) Proc. ANNES , pp. 170-173
    • Xuhua, Y.1    Furuhashi, T.2    Obata, K.3    Uchikawa, Y.4
  • 82
    • 85007731722 scopus 로고
    • An off-line Signature Recognition Using a Fuzzy Net
    • S. Watanabe, T. Furuhashi, K. Obata, Y. Uchikawa, "An off-line Signature Recognition Using a Fuzzy Net", T.IEE Japan, Vol. 114-D, N. 6, 1994, pp. 674-679.
    • (1994) T.IEE Japan , vol.114-D , Issue.6 , pp. 674-679
    • Watanabe, S.1    Furuhashi, T.2    Obata, K.3    Uchikawa, Y.4
  • 84
    • 0006577224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line handwritten signature verification using stroke direction coding
    • S.K. Ramanujan, R.S. Kashi, W. Turin, and W.L. Nelson, "On-line handwritten signature verification using stroke direction coding", Optical Engineering Journal, Vol. 35, No. 9, 1996, pp. 2526-2533.
    • (1996) Optical Engineering Journal , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 2526-2533
    • Ramanujan, S.K.1    Kashi, R.S.2    Turin, W.3    Nelson, W.L.4
  • 85
    • 0031237426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern Spectrum as a Local Shape Factor for Off-Line Signature Verification
    • R.Sabourin, G.Genest and F. J.Prêteux, "Pattern Spectrum as a Local Shape Factor for Off-Line Signature Verification", IEEE T_PAMI, Vol. 19, 1997, pp. 976-988.
    • (1997) IEEE T_PAMI , vol.19 , pp. 976-988
    • Sabourin, R.1    Genest, G.2    Prêteux, F.J.3
  • 86
    • 27144488351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of Feature Statistics Estimation Error for Small Training Sample Size in Off-Line Signature Verification
    • Springer-Verlag, D. Zhang and A.K. Jain Eds
    • B. Fang and Y. Y. Tang, "Reduction of Feature Statistics Estimation Error for Small Training Sample Size in Off-Line Signature Verification", LNCS 3072, Springer-Verlag , D. Zhang and A.K. Jain (Eds.), 2004, pp. 526-532.
    • (2004) LNCS , vol.3072 , pp. 526-532
    • Fang, B.1    Tang, Y.Y.2
  • 90
    • 84889664848 scopus 로고
    • Parallelism in Dynamic Time Warping for Automatic Signature Verification
    • Montréal, Canada, August 14-16
    • rd ICDAR, IEEE Press, Montréal, Canada, Vol. 1, August 14-16, 1995, pp. 426-429.
    • (1995) rd ICDAR, IEEE Press , vol.1 , pp. 426-429
    • Bae, Y.J.1    Fairhurst, M.C.2
  • 91
  • 92
    • 0030143371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line signature verification by adaptively weighted DP matching
    • May
    • P. Zhao, A. Higashi, Y. Sato, "On-line signature verification by adaptively weighted DP matching", IEICE, Vol. E79-D, No.5, pp. 535-541, May 1996.
    • (1996) IEICE , vol.E79-D , Issue.5 , pp. 535-541
    • Zhao, P.1    Higashi, A.2    Sato, Y.3
  • 94
    • 0036568167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signature verification using a modified Bayesian network, Pergamon
    • May
    • X.-H. Xiao, G. Leedham, "Signature verification using a modified Bayesian network", Pergamon, Patt. Recogn., Vol. 35, No. 5, May 2002, pp. 983-995.
    • (2002) Patt. Recogn , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 983-995
    • Xiao, X.-H.1    Leedham, G.2
  • 95
    • 84983131175 scopus 로고
    • Neural Approaches for Human Signature Verification
    • Montréal, Canada
    • rd ICDAR, IEEE Press, Montréal, Canada, Vol. 1, 1995, pp. 1055-1058.
    • (1995) rd ICDAR, IEEE Press , vol.1 , pp. 1055-1058
    • Lee, L.L.1
  • 96
    • 0028746866 scopus 로고
    • Off-line recognition of signatures using revolving active deformable models
    • San Antonio, TX, 2-5 Oct
    • I. Pavlidis, R. Mavuduru, N. Papanikolopoulos, "Off-line recognition of signatures using revolving active deformable models", IEEE Int. Conf. SMC, 1994. San Antonio, TX, 2-5 Oct. 1994, pp. 771-776.
    • (1994) IEEE Int. Conf. SMC, 1994 , pp. 771-776
    • Pavlidis, I.1    Mavuduru, R.2    Papanikolopoulos, N.3
  • 98
    • 0030104778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Neural Network Approach to Off-Line Signature Verification Using Directional PDF
    • March
    • J.-P. Drouhard, R. Sabourin and M. Godbout, "A Neural Network Approach to Off-Line Signature Verification Using Directional PDF", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 29, Issue 3, March 1996, pp. 415-424.
    • (1996) Patt. Recogn , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-424
    • Drouhard, J.-P.1    Sabourin, R.2    Godbout, M.3
  • 99
    • 48149103008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperative self-organizing maps for signature verification
    • H. Pan, M. Brooks, D. McMichael, G. Newsam Eds
    • A. Abu-Rezq and A.S. Tolba, "Cooperative self-organizing maps for signature verification", IAIF '97, H. Pan, M. Brooks, D. McMichael, G. Newsam (Eds.), 1997, pp. 391-402.
    • (1997) IAIF '97 , pp. 391-402
    • Abu-Rezq, A.1    Tolba, A.S.2
  • 100
    • 0032647398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperative Self-Organizing Maps for Consistency Checking and Signature Verification
    • A. Abu-Rezq and A.S. Tolba, "Cooperative Self-Organizing Maps for Consistency Checking and Signature Verification", Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 9, 1999, pp. 107-119.
    • (1999) Digital Signal Processing , vol.9 , pp. 107-119
    • Abu-Rezq, A.1    Tolba, A.S.2
  • 101
    • 8344259832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Decision Boundaries for Online Signature Verification
    • Springer-Verlag, V.Palade, R.J. Howlett and L.C. Jain Eds
    • M. Tanaka, Y. Ishino, H. Shimada, T. Inoue and A. Bargiela, "Determination of Decision Boundaries for Online Signature Verification", LNAI 2773, Springer-Verlag, V.Palade, R.J. Howlett and L.C. Jain (Eds.), 2003, pp. 401-407.
    • (2003) LNAI , vol.2773 , pp. 401-407
    • Tanaka, M.1    Ishino, Y.2    Shimada, H.3    Inoue, T.4    Bargiela, A.5
  • 103
    • 84945288620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static Signature Verification Employing a Kosko-Neuro-fuzzy Approach
    • Springer-Verlag, N.R. Pal and M. Sugeno Eds
    • K. Franke, Y.-N. Zhang, and M. Koppen, "Static Signature Verification Employing a Kosko-Neuro-fuzzy Approach", LNAI 2275, Springer-Verlag , N.R. Pal and M. Sugeno (Eds.), 2002, pp. 185-190.
    • (2002) LNAI , vol.2275 , pp. 185-190
    • Franke, K.1    Zhang, Y.-N.2    Koppen, M.3
  • 104
    • 0036885177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiforgery: A novel pseudo-outer product based fuzzy neural network driven signature verification system
    • Dec
    • C. Quek, R.W. Zhou, "Antiforgery: a novel pseudo-outer product based fuzzy neural network driven signature verification system", Patt. Recogn. Letters, Vol. 23, No. 14, Dec. 2002, pp. 1795-1816.
    • (2002) Patt. Recogn. Letters , vol.23 , Issue.14 , pp. 1795-1816
    • Quek, C.1    Zhou, R.W.2
  • 105
    • 0029749351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R.W. Zhou, C. Quek, An Automatic Fuzzy Neural Network Driven Signature Verification System, SAS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, IEEE 1996, pp. 1034-1039.
    • R.W. Zhou, C. Quek, "An Automatic Fuzzy Neural Network Driven Signature Verification System", SAS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, IEEE 1996, pp. 1034-1039.
  • 106
    • 33749965004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilizing Baum-Welch for On-line Signature Verification
    • Taejon, Korea
    • th IWFHR, Taejon, Korea, 1998, pp. 389-397.
    • (1998) th IWFHR , pp. 389-397
    • Martens, R.1    Claesen, L.2
  • 107
    • 0029246903 scopus 로고
    • Application of Hidden Markov Models for Signature Verification
    • Feb
    • L. Yang, B.K. Widjaja, and R. Prasad, "Application of Hidden Markov Models for Signature Verification", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 28, No. 2, Feb. 1995, pp. 161-170.
    • (1995) Patt. Recogn , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-170
    • Yang, L.1    Widjaja, B.K.2    Prasad, R.3
  • 108
    • 0036833279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-line signature verification using structural feature correspondence
    • Nov
    • K. Huang and H.Yan, "Off-line signature verification using structural feature correspondence", Patt. Recogn., Vol. 35, Issue 11, Nov. 2002, pp. 2467-2477.
    • (2002) Patt. Recogn , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 2467-2477
    • Huang, K.1    Yan, H.2
  • 110
    • 10044259425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offline signature verification and forgery detection using fuzzy modeling
    • March
    • M. Hanmandlu, M.H.M. Yusof and V.K. Madasu, "Offline signature verification and forgery detection using fuzzy modeling", Patt. Recogn., Vol.38, Issue 3, March 2005, pp. 341-356.
    • (2005) Patt. Recogn , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-356
    • Hanmandlu, M.1    Yusof, M.H.M.2    Madasu, V.K.3
  • 113
    • 0032317555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line signature verification based on logarithmic spectrum, Pergamon
    • Dec
    • Q.-Z. Wu, S.-Y. Lee, I.-C. Jou, "On-line signature verification based on logarithmic spectrum", Pergamon, Patt. Recogn., Vol. 31, Issue 12, Dec. 1998, pp. 1865-1871.
    • (1998) Patt. Recogn , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 1865-1871
    • Wu, Q.-Z.1    Lee, S.-Y.2    Jou, I.-C.3
  • 114
    • 84891951490 scopus 로고
    • A Hierarchical On-line Chinese Signature Verification System
    • Montréal, Canada, Aug
    • X.-H. Xiao, R.-W. Dai, "A Hierarchical On-line Chinese Signature Verification System", 3rd ICDAR, IEEE Press, Montréal, Canada, Vol. 1, Aug. 1995, pp. 202-205.
    • (1995) 3rd ICDAR, IEEE Press , vol.1 , pp. 202-205
    • Xiao, X.-H.1    Dai, R.-W.2
  • 115
    • 48149103852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H. Cardot, M. Revenu, B. Victorri, M.J. Revillet, Cooperation de réseaux neuronaux pour l'autentification de signatures manuscrites, Proc. Int. Conf. Neuro-Nimes, 1991.
    • H. Cardot, M. Revenu, B. Victorri, M.J. Revillet, "Cooperation de réseaux neuronaux pour l'autentification de signatures manuscrites", Proc. Int. Conf. Neuro-Nimes, 1991.
  • 116
    • 0033461670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability parameters to improve combination strategies in multi-expert systems
    • PAA
    • L.P. Cordelia, P. Foggia, C. Sansone, F. Tortorella, M. Vento, "Reliability parameters to improve combination strategies in multi-expert systems", PAA, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1999, pp. 205-214.
    • (1999) , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-214
    • Cordelia, L.P.1    Foggia, P.2    Sansone, C.3    Tortorella, F.4    Vento, M.5
  • 120
    • 33646513677 scopus 로고
    • Off-Line Signature Verification Using Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Network
    • Perth, Australia, Nov.-Dec
    • N. A. Murshed, F. Bortolozzi and R. Sabourin, "Off-Line Signature Verification Using Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Network", IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia, Nov.-Dec. 1995, pp. 2179-2184.
    • (1995) IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks , pp. 2179-2184
    • Murshed, N.A.1    Bortolozzi, F.2    Sabourin, R.3
  • 121
    • 4243660046 scopus 로고
    • Off-Line Signature Verification, Without a Priori Knowledge of Class ω2. A New Approach
    • Montréal,Canada,Aug
    • rdICDAR,Montréal,Canada,Vol.1,Aug. 1995, pp. 191-196.
    • (1995) rdICDAR , vol.1 , pp. 191-196
    • Murshed, N.A.1    Bortolozzi, F.2    Sabourin, R.3
  • 122
    • 0030651017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of Personalized Templates for Automatic Signature Verification
    • IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Aug
    • C. Schmidt and K.-F. Kraiss, "Establishment of Personalized Templates for Automatic Signature Verification", 4th ICDAR, IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Vol. I, Aug. 1997, pp. 263-267.
    • (1997) 4th ICDAR , vol.1 , pp. 263-267
    • Schmidt, C.1    Kraiss, K.-F.2
  • 123
    • 0030710338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Average Prototypes for Stroke-Based Signature Verification
    • IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Aug
    • B. Wirtz, "Average Prototypes for Stroke-Based Signature Verification", 4th ICDAR, IEEE Press, Ulm, Germany, Vol. I, Aug. 1997, pp. 268-272.
    • (1997) 4th ICDAR , vol.1 , pp. 268-272
    • Wirtz, B.1
  • 124
    • 0030170146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning of prototypes and decision boundaries for a verification problem having only positive samples
    • J. H. Kim, J.R. Yu and S.H. Kim, "Learning of prototypes and decision boundaries for a verification problem having only positive samples", Patt. Recogn. Letters, Vol. 17, 1996, pp. 691-697.
    • (1996) Patt. Recogn. Letters , vol.17 , pp. 691-697
    • Kim, J.H.1    Yu, J.R.2    Kim, S.H.3
  • 125
    • 48149089126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrolment model stability in static signature verification
    • L.R.B. Schomaker and L.G. Vuurpijl Eds, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • th ICDAR, L.R.B. Schomaker and L.G. Vuurpijl (Eds.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2000, pp. 565-570.
    • (2000) th ICDAR , pp. 565-570
    • Allgrove, C.1    Fairhurst, M.C.2
  • 126
    • 0031335612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signature Verification Revisited: Promoting Practical Exploitation of Biometric Technology
    • Dec
    • M.C. Fairhurst, "Signature Verification Revisited: Promoting Practical Exploitation of Biometric Technology", IEE Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal (ECEJ), Vol. 9, No. 6, Dec. 1997, pp. 273-280.
    • (1997) IEE Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal (ECEJ) , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 273-280
    • Fairhurst, M.C.1
  • 127
    • 48149111484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrolment validation in optimisation of practical signature verification procedures
    • World Scientific, Singapore, A.C. Downton and S. Impedovo Eds
    • M.C. Fairhurst and C. Allgrove, "Enrolment validation in optimisation of practical signature verification procedures", in: Progress in Handwriting Recognition, World Scientific, Singapore, A.C. Downton and S. Impedovo (Eds.). 1997, pp. 587-592.
    • (1997) Progress in Handwriting Recognition , pp. 587-592
    • Fairhurst, M.C.1    Allgrove, C.2
  • 128
    • 84947774420 scopus 로고
    • Selecting Reference Signatures for On-Line Signature Verification
    • Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, C Braccini, L. De Floriani and G. Vernazza Eds, San Remo, Italy, Sept
    • G.Congedo, G.Dimauro, A.M. Forte, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, "Selecting Reference Signatures for On-Line Signature Verification", LNCS, Vol. 974, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, C Braccini, L. De Floriani and G. Vernazza (Eds.), San Remo, Italy, Sept. 1995, pp. 521-526.
    • (1995) LNCS , vol.974 , pp. 521-526
    • Congedo, G.1    Dimauro, G.2    Forte, A.M.3    Impedovo, S.4    Pirlo, G.5
  • 129
    • 0027554444 scopus 로고
    • A Complexity Measure of Handwritten Curves: Modeling of Dynamic Signature Forgery
    • J.-J. Brault and R. Plamondon, "A Complexity Measure of Handwritten Curves: Modeling of Dynamic Signature Forgery", IEEE T-SMC, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1993, pp. 400-413.
    • (1993) IEEE T-SMC , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 400-413
    • Brault, J.-J.1    Plamondon, R.2
  • 132
    • 18044390379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Evaluation of Biometric Systems
    • Hong Kong
    • B.Wirtz, "Technical Evaluation of Biometric Systems", ACCU'98, Hong Kong, 1998.
    • (1998) ACCU'98
    • Wirtz, B.1
  • 134
    • 85051413410 scopus 로고
    • Off-line Signature Verification Using Directional PDF and Neural Networks
    • The Hague, The Netherlands, IEEE Press, Aug, Sept
    • R.Sabourin and J.-P.Drouhard, "Off-line Signature Verification Using Directional PDF and Neural Networks", 11th ICPR, The Hague, The Netherlands, IEEE Press, Vol. 2, Aug. -Sept. 1992, pp. 321-325.
    • (1992) 11th ICPR , vol.2 , pp. 321-325
    • Sabourin, R.1    Drouhard, J.P.2
  • 135
    • 0001481618 scopus 로고
    • An Extended-Shadow-Code Based Approach for Off-Line Signature Verification: Part -I- Evaluation of the Bar Mask Definition
    • Jerusalem, Israel, Oct
    • R.Sabourin and G.Genest, "An Extended-Shadow-Code Based Approach for Off-Line Signature Verification: Part -I- Evaluation of the Bar Mask Definition", 12th ICPR, Jerusalem, Israel, Vol. 2, Oct. 1994, pp. 450-453.
    • (1994) 12th ICPR , vol.2 , pp. 450-453
    • Sabourin, R.1    Genest, G.2
  • 137
    • 33646165836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H.S. Yoon, J.Y. Lee and H.S. Yang, An On-line Signature Verification System Using Hidden Markov Model In Polar Space, 8th IWFHR, IEEE Press, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 2002, pp. 329-333.
    • H.S. Yoon, J.Y. Lee and H.S. Yang, "An On-line Signature Verification System Using Hidden Markov Model In Polar Space", 8th IWFHR, IEEE Press, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 2002, pp. 329-333.
  • 139
    • 48149110291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line signature verification based on optimal feature representation and neural-network-driven fuzzy reasoning
    • L'Aquila, Italy, Jan
    • J. Martinez-R, R. Alcàntara-S, "On-line signature verification based on optimal feature representation and neural-network-driven fuzzy reasoning", SSGRR 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, Jan. 2003.
    • (2003) SSGRR 2003
    • Martinez-R, J.1    Alcàntara-S, R.2
  • 140
    • 35248815158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Muramatsu and T. Matsumoto, An HMM On-line Signature Verification Algorithm, AVBPA 2003, LNCS 2688, Springer-Verlag, J. Kittler and M.S. Nixon (Eds.), 2003, pp. 233-241.
    • D. Muramatsu and T. Matsumoto, "An HMM On-line Signature Verification Algorithm", AVBPA 2003, LNCS 2688, Springer-Verlag, J. Kittler and M.S. Nixon (Eds.), 2003, pp. 233-241.
  • 141
    • 0042199019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and style-variation modeling for on-line signature verification
    • K. Huang, H. Yan, "Stability and style-variation modeling for on-line signature verification", Patt. Recogn., Vol.36, No. 10, 2003, pp.2253-2270.
    • (2003) Patt. Recogn , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 2253-2270
    • Huang, K.1    Yan, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.