Flower bud induction, flowering and fruit-set of some tropical and subtropical fruit tree crops with special reference to citrus

Acta Horticulturae

Volumn 632, Issue , 2004, Pages 81-90

  Albrigo, L Gene ^a   Saúco, V Galán ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO CANARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES AGRARIAS   (Spain)

Author keywords

Avocado; Litchi; Longan; Mango; Temperature stress; Water stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 48149110548     PISSN: 05677572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (84)

1. Abbott, C.E. 1935. Blossom-bud differentiation in citrus trees. Amer. J. Bot. 22:476-485.
2. Albrigo, L.G. 1997. Competition factors influencing fruit set of citrus. Proceedings Citrus and Flowering Short Course, Futch, S. and Kender, W. (eds.), Fla. Agric. Coop. Ext. Ser., p. 73-74.
3. Albrigo, L.G. 2002. Foliar uptake of N-P-K sources and urea biuret tolerance in citrus. Proc. Intl. Symp. Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants, Tagliavini, M., Toselli, M., Bertschinger, L., Brown, P., Nielsen, D. and Thalheimer, M. (eds.), Acta Hort. 594:627-633.
4. Ayalon, S. and Monselise, S.P. 1960. Flower bud induction and differentiation in the Shamouti orange. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 75:216-221.
5. Bally, I.S.E., Harris, M. and Whiley, A.W. 2000. Effect of water stress on flowering and yield of "Kensington Pride" Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Acta Hort. 509:277-281.
6. Batten, D.J. and McConchie, C.A. 1995. Floral induction in growing buds of lychee (Litchi chinensis) and mango (Mangifera indica). Aust. Plant Physiol., 22:783-791.
7. Bellows, T.S. and Morse, J.G. 1986. Modeling flower development in Navel oranges. Sci. Hort. 30:117-126.
8. Ben Mechlia, B. and Carroll, J.J. 1989. Agroclimatic modeling for the simulation of phenology, yield and quality of crop production II. Citrus model implementation and verification. Intl. J. Biometeorol. 33:52-65.
9. Boman, B.J. 2001. Foliar nutrient sprays influence yield and size of 'Valencia' orange. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 114:83-88.
10. Brewer, R.F., Opitz, K., Al Jibury F. and Hench, K. 1977. The effect of cooling by overhead sprinkling on "June Drop" of navel oranges in California. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citriculture 1977 3:1045-1058.
11. Campbell, C.W. and Malo, S.E. 1979. The Mango. Fruit Crops Fact Sheets, Fla. Coop. Ext. Ser. FC-74-2, 4 p.
12. Cassin, J., Bourdeaut, J., Fougue, A., Furon, V., Gaillard, J.P., LeBourdelles J., Montagut, G., and Moreuil, C. 1969. The influence of climate upon blooming of citrus in tropical areas. Proc. First Intl. Citrus Symp. 1:315-323.
13. Cull, B.W. 1987. A whole plant approach to productivity research for mango. Mango-A review. Prensley, R.T. and Tucker, G. (ed). Commonwealth Science Council. London.
14. Chen, H. and Huang, H. 2001. China Litchi Industry: Development, achievements and problems. Acta Hort. 558:31-39.
15. Davenport, T.L. 1982. Avocado growth and development. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 95:92-96.
16. Davenport, T.L. 1986. Avocado flowering. Hort Rev. 8:257-289.
17. Davenport, T.L. 1990. Citrus flowering. Hort. Rev. 12:349-408.
18. Davenport. T.L. and Núñez-Elisea, R. 1997. Chapter 4. Reproductive Physiology. p. 69-146. In: Litz, R.E. (ed.). The Mango, Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International. Wallingford. Oxon.
19. Furr, J.R. and Armstrong, W.W. 1956. Flower induction in Marsh grapefruit in the Coachella Valley, Calif. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 67:176-182.
20. Furr, J.R., Cooper, W.C., and Reece, P.C. 1947. An investigation of flower formation in adult and juvenile citrus trees. Amer. J. Bot. 33:1-8.
21. Galán Sauco, V. 1990. Los frutales tropicales en los subtrópicos. I Aguacate. Mango-Litchi y Longan. Mundi-Prensa. 133 p.
22. Galán Sauco, V. and Menini, U.G. 1989. Litchi cultivation. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper. 83. FAO. Rome. 136 p.
23. Galán Saúco, V., Fernández Galván, D. and Calvo, R. 1984. Some data on mango flowering in the Canary Islands. Proc. XXXI. Congress Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Trop. Reg. 28:13-16.
24. Galán Saúco, V.1999. El cultivo del mango. Mundi-Prensa. 298 p.
25. García-Luis, A., Fornes, F. and Guardiola, J.L. 1995a. Leaf carbohydrates and flower formation in Citrus. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120:222-227.
26. García-Luis, A., Kanduser, M. and Guardiola, J.L. 1995b. The influence of fruiting on the bud sprouting and flower induction responses to chilling in Citrus. J. Hort. Sci. 70:817-825.
27. García-Luis, A., Kanduser, M., Santamarina, P. and Guardiola, J.L. 1992. Low temperature influence on flowering in Citrus. The separation of inductive and bud dormancy releasing effects. Physiol. Plant. 86:648-652.
28. Goguey, T. 1991. Test d'Applications de bore et d'urée sur manguiers Keitt, Zill et Amélie. Effects sur la floraison et la nouaison. CIRAD-FLHOR: 10 p. (document interne).
29. Goguey, T. 1993. Principales causes de la faible productivité du manguier (Mangifera indica L.). p. 111. En: Journées FLHOR vergers tropicaux, CIRAD-FLHOR Montpellier.
30. Goldschmidt, E.E. and Monselise, S.P. 1972. Physiological assumptions towards the development of a citrus fruiting model. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. 2:668-672.
31. Guardiola, J.L. 1981. Flower initiation and development in citrus. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citriculture 2:242-246.
32. Guardiola, J.L. 1997. Competition for carbohydrates and fruit set. Proceedings Citrus and Flowering Short Course, Futch, S. and Kender, W. (eds.), Fla. Agric. Coop. Ext. Ser., p. 43-61.
33. Guardiola, J.L. 1997. Overview of flower bud induction, flowering and fruit set, p. 5-21, In: Futch, S.H. and Kender, W.J. (eds.). Citrus flowering and fruit short course. Citrus Res. and Ed. Center, Lake Alfred, Fla.
34. Guardiola, J.L., Agusti, M. and Garcia-Mari, F. 1977. Gibberellic acid and flower bud development in sweet orange. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. 2:696-699.
35. Koo, R.C.J. 1957. Weather conditions, irrigation practices and 'Valencia' orange production. Citrus. Citrus and Vegetable Magazine 19(11):8-10, 16-17
36. Koshita, Y., Takahara, T., Ogata, T. and Goto, A. 1999. Involvement of endogenous plant hormones (IAA, ABA, GAs) in leaves and flower bud formation of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Sci. Hort. 79:185-194.
37. Krajewski, A.J. and Rabe, E. 1995. Bud age affects sprouting and flowering in Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). HortScience 30:1366-1368.
38. Li, Y.C., Davenport, T.L., Rao, R. and Zhengh, Q. 2001. Nitrogen, Flowering and Production of Lychee in Florida. Acta Hort. 558:221-224.
39. Liu, Xing-Hui and Ma, Cui-Lan. 2001. Production and research of longan in China. Acta Hort. 558:73-82.
40. Lomas, J. 1988. An agro-meteoreological model for assessing the effect of heat stress during the flowering and early fruit set on avocado yields. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 113:172-176.
41. Lomas, J. and Burd, P. 1983. Prediction of the commencement and duration of the flowering period of citrus. Agr. Meteorol. 28:387-396.
42. Lovatt, C.J. 1990. Factors affecting fruit set/early fruit drop in avocado. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 74:193-199.
43. Lovatt, C.J. 2001. Properly timed soil applied nitrogen fertilizer increase yield and fruit size of 'Hass' avocado. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126:555-559.
44. Lovatt, C.J., Streeter, S.M., Minter, T.C., O'Connell, N.V., Flaherty, D.L., Freeman, M.W. and Goodell, P.B. 1984. Phenology of flowering in Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck cv. Washington navel orange. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. 1:186-190.
45. Lu, P. and Chacko, E.K. 2000. Effect of water stress on mango flowering in low latitude tropics of Northern Australia. Acta Hort. 509:283-289.
46. Menzel, C. 2001. The physiology of growth and cropping in litchi. Acta Hort. 558:175-184.
47. Menzel, C.M., Piccone, M.F. and Simpson, D.R. 1986. "Choose the best site for lychee production". Queensland fruit and Vegetable News. Oct. 30: 15-18
48. Menzel, C.M., Watson, B.J. and Simpson, D.R. 1988. "The Lychee in Australia". Queensland Agric. J. 114 (1): 19-26
49. Mitra, S.K. and Sangal, D. 2001. Effect of cincturing and chemicals on flowering of litchi: Acta Hort. 558:243-246.
50. Monselise, S.P. and Halevy, A.H. 1964. Chemical inhibition and promotion of citrus flower bud induction. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 84:141-146
51. Moss, G.I. 1969. Influence of temperature and photoperiod on flower induction and inflorescence development in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). J. Hort. Sci. 44:311-320.
52. Moss, G.I. 1973. The influence of temperature during flower development on the subsequent fruit-set of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) 'Washington Navel.' Hort. Res. 13:65-73.
53. Núñez-Elisea, R. and Davenport, T.L. 1995. Effect of leaf age, duration of cool temperature treatment and photoperiod on bud dormancy release and floral initiation in mango. Sci. Hort. 62: 63-93
54. Oosthuyse, S.A. 1993. Tree spacing trends and options for yield improvements in mango. Journal of the Southern African Society for Horticultural Sciences, 13: 92-96.
55. Poerwanto, R. and Inoue, H. 1990. Effects of air and soil temperatures on flower development and morphology of satsuma mandarin. J. Hort. Sci. 65:739-745.
56. Reuther, W. 1973. Climate and citrus behavior, p. 280-337, In: Reuther, W. (ed.) The Citrus Ind. Vol. III. Univ. of Calif. Press Davis.
57. Reuther, W., Nauer, E.M. and Summers, L. 1973. Effects of seasonal temperature regimes on development and maturation of citrus fruits. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. 3:63-71.
58. Robert, J.P. and Wolstenholme, B.N. 1993. Phenological cycles and seasonal carbohydrate fluctuations of three mango cultivars: An update on current research in the Nkwalini Valley, Natal. South African Mango Growers' Association Yearbook, 13: 2-10.
59. Ruiz, R. and Guardiola, J.L. 1994. Carbohydrate and mineral nutrition of orange fruitlets in relation to growth and abscission. Physiol. Plant. 90:27-36.
60. Salazar-Garcia, S., Lord, E.M. and Lovatt, C.J. 1999. Inflorescence development of the 'Hass' avocado: Commitment to flowering. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 124:478-482.
61. Sanz, A., Monerri, C., Gonzalez-Ferrer, J. and Guardiola, J.L. 1987. Changes in carbohydrates and mineral elements in Citrus leaves during flowering and fruit set. Physiol. Plant. 69:93-98.
62. Schaffer, B.; Whiley, A.W. and Crane, J.H. 1994. Mango. p. 165-197 In: Schaffer, B. and Andersen, P.C. (eds.). Handbook of Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops, Vol. II: Subtropical and Tropical Crops. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
63. Sedgley, M. and Grant, W.J.R. 1983. Effect of low temperatures during flowering on floral cycle and pollen tube growth in nine avocado cultivars. Sci. Hort. 18:207-213.
64. Shu, Z.H. and Sheen, T.F. 1987. Floral induction in axillary buds of mango (Mangifera indica L.) as affected by temperature. Scientia Hort. 31:81-87.
65. Simanton, W.A. 1969. Seasonal patterns of citrus bloom. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 82:96-98.
66. Singh, A.K. and Khan, A.A. 1939. Relation of Growth to fruit bearing in mangoes. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 9:835-867.
67. Singh, L.B. 1960. The mango, Botany, Cultivation and Utilization. Leonard Hill. Londres. 438p.
68. Singh, R.N. 1963. Problems and possibilities in mango orcharding. Punjab Hort. J. 3:85-86.
69. Southwick, S.M. and Davenport, T.L. 1986. Characterization of water stress and low temperature effects on flower induction in citrus. Plant Physiol. 81:26-29.
70. Stassen, P.J.C., Janse Van Vuaren and Davie, S.J. 1997a. Macroelements in mango trees. Requirements Guidelines. South African Mango Growers' Association Yearbook, 17: 20-24.
71. Stassen, P.J.C., Janse Van Vuaren and Davie, S.J. 1997b. Macroelements in mango trees. Uptake and distribution. South African Mango Growers' Association Yearbook, 17: 16-19.
72. Stern, R.A., Maron M., Nan. M., Wallach R., Braudo B. and Gazit, S. 1998. Effects of fall irrigation level in Mauritius and Floridan lychee on soil and plant water status, flowering intensely and yield. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:150-155.
73. Subhadrabandhu, S. and Yapwattanaphum, C. 2001. Regulation Off-season flowering of longan in Thailand. Acta Hort. 558:193-198.
74. Syvertsen, J.P., Goni. C. and Otero, A. 2003. Fruit load and canopy shading affect leaf characteristics and net gas exchange of 'Spring' navel orange trees. Tree Physiology (in press).
75. Thorp, T.G., Aspinall, D. and Sedgley, M. 1993. Influence of shoot age on floral development and early fruit set in avocado (Persea Americana Mill) cv. Hass. J. Hort. Sci. 68:645-657.
76. Valiente, J.I. 2001. Timing and intensity of flowering of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] as a function of local weather factors and crop under central Florida conditions. PhD Diss., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida.
77. Valiente, J.I. and Albrigo, L.G. 2002. Modeling flowering date of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees in Central Florida based on historical weather records. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. 2000, 1:296-299.
78. Verheij, E.W.M. 1986. Towards a classification of tropical tree fruits. Acta Hort. 175:137-150.
79. Whiley, A.W., Rasmusen, T.S., Saranah, J.B. and Wolstenholme, B.N. 1989. Effect of temperature of growth, dry matter production and starch accumulation in ten mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. J. Hort. Sci., 64:753-765.
80. Whiley, A.W. and Schaffer, B. 1997. Stress Physiology, Chapter V. p. 147-176. In: Litz, R.E. (ed.). The Mango, Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International. Wallingford. UK.
81. Wolstenholme, B.N. and Robert, J.P. 1991. Some horticultural aspects of the mango yield. Problems and opportunities for research. South African Mango Growers' Association Yearbook 11: 11-16.
82. Young, T.W. and Sauls, J.W. 1979. The mango industry in Florida. Florida Cooperative Extension Service Bull. 189: 70 p.
83. Zamet, D.N. 1990. The effect of minimum temperature on avocado yields. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yrbk. 74:247-256.
84. Zheng, Qi, Davenport, T.L. and Li, Y. 2001. Stem age, winter temperature and flowering of lychee in South Florida. Acta Hort. 558:237-240.