Environmental Kuznets Curves for Greenhouse Gas emissions. Evidence from Italy using National Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts and provincial panel data

International Journal of Global Environmental Issues

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 392-424

  Mazzanti, Massimiliano ^a   Montini, Anna ^b   Zoboli, Roberto ^c  

^a Istituzioni e Territorio   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^c Dipartimento di Economia Internazionale   (Italy)

Author keywords

Delinking; Economic drivers; EKC; Environmental efficiency; Environmental Kuznets Curves; GHG emissions; Greenhouse Gas emissions; Italy; NAMEA; National Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts

Indexed keywords

GREENHOUSE GAS; HUMAN ACTIVITY; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION; KUZNETS CURVE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 48049120637     PISSN: 14666650     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2008.019371     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Anderson, D. and Cavendish, W. (2001) 'Dynamic simulation and environmental policy analysis: beyond comparative statics and the EKC', Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 53, pp.721-746.
2. Andreoni, J. and Levinson, A. (2001) 'The simple analytics of the environmental Kuznets curve', Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 80, pp.269-86.
3. APAT, (2005) Rapporto Sull'andamento Delle Emissioni Di Gas Serra E Confronto Rispetto A Quanto Previsto Dallo Scenario Di Riferimento. APAT (Environmental Agency), Rome.
4. Arrow, K. and Fisher, A. (1974) 'Environmental preservation, uncertainty and irreversibility', Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 88, pp.312-19.
5. Auci, S. and Becchetti, L. (2006) 'The instability of the adjusted and unadjusted environmental Kuznets curves', Ecological Economics, Vol. 60, pp.282-98.
6. 2 emissions: a non parametric panel approach', Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 90, pp.1347-63.
7. Baltagi, B., Bresson, G. and Pirotte, A. (2002) 'Comparison of forecast performance for homogenous, heterogeneous and shrinkage estimators. some empirical evidence from US electricity and natural gas consumption', Economic Letters, Vol. 76, pp.375-382.
8. Bella, G. (2006) 'Transitional dynamics towards sustainability: reconsidering the EKC hypothesis', Nota di lavoro FEEM, No. 129, FEEM, Milan.
9. Borghesi, S. (1999) 'The environmental Kuznets curve: a survey of the literature', Nota di lavoro FEEM, No. 85, FEEM, Milan.
10. Brock, W. and Taylor, S. (2003) 'The kindergarten rule of sustainable growth', NBER Working Paper, No. 9597, NBER, Cambridge, MA.
11. Brock, W. and Taylor, S. (2004) 'The green solow model', NBER Working Paper, No. 10557, NBER, Cambridge, MA.
12. Cantore, N. (2005) 'Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the trade off between environment and welfare', Working Paper, No. 13, ECINEQ, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
13. Carson, R. and McCubbin, R. (1997) 'The relationship between air pollution emissions and income: US data', Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 2, pp.433-450.
14. Chavas, J.P. (2004) 'On impatience, economic growth and the EKC: a dynamic analysis of resource management', Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 28, pp.123-52.
15. Chertow, M.R. (2001) 'The IPAT equation and its variant', Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 4, pp.13-29.
16. Chimeli, A. (2007) 'Growth and the environment: are we looking at the right data?', Economics Letters, Vol. 96, pp.89-96.
17. Chimeli, A. and Braden, J. (2005) 'Total factor productivity and the environmental Kuznets curve', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 49, pp.366-80.
18. Cole, M. (2003) 'Development, trade and the environment: how robust is the environmental Kuznets curve?', Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 8, pp.557-80.
19. Cole, M. (2005) 'Re-examining the pollution-income relationship: a random coefficients approach', Economics Bulletin, Vol. 14, pp.1-7.
20. Cole, M., Rayner, A. and Bates, J. (1997) 'The EKC: an empirical analysis', Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 2, pp.401-16.
21. Cole, M., Elliott, R. and Shimamoto, K. (2006) 'Why the grass is not always greener: the competing effects of environmental regulations and factor intensities on US specialization', Ecological Economics, Vol. 54, pp.95-109.
22. Commoner, B. (1972) 'The environmental cost of economic growth', in R.G. Ridker (Ed.), Population, Resources and the Environment (pp.339-363). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
23. Copeland, B.R. and Taylor, M.S. (2004) 'Trade, growth and the environment', Journal of Economic literature, Vol. 42, pp.7-71.
24. Costantini, V. and Monni, S. (2008) 'Environment, human development and economic growth', Ecological Economics,Vol. 64, pp.867-880.
25. De Bruyn, S., Van den Bergh, J. and Opschoor, J. (1998) 'Economic growth and emissions: reconsidering the empirical basis of EKC', Ecological Economics, Vol. 25, pp.161-75.
26. DEFRA/DTI (2003) Sustainable Consumption and Production Indicators. DEFRA, London.
27. Di Vita, G. (2003) 'Is the discount rate relevant in explaining the EKC?' Nota di lavoro FEEM, No. 83, FEEM, Milan.
28. Dietzenbacher, E. and Mukhopadhay, K. (2006) 'An empirical examination of the pollution haven hypothesis for India: towards a green Leontief paradox?', Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 36, pp.427-49.
29. Dinda, S. (2004) 'Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey', Ecological Economics, Vol. 49, pp.431-55.
30. Dinda, S. (2005) 'A theoretical basis for the EKC', Ecological Economics, Vol. 53, pp.403-413.
31. EEA (2003) Europe's Environment: the Third Assessment. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
32. EEA (2004) Air Emissions in Europe, 1990-2000. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
33. Ehlrich, P. and Holdren, J. (1971) 'Impact of population growth', Science, Vol. 171, pp.1212-1217.
34. Ekins, P. (1997) 'The Kuznets curve for the environment and economic growth: examining the evidence', Environmental Planning, Vol. 29, pp.805-830.
35. Femia, A. and Panfili, P. (2005) 'Analytical applications of the NAMEA', Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Italian Statistics Society, Rome.
36. Fischer, K.M. and Amann, C. (2001) 'Beyond IPAT and Kuznets curves: globalization as a vital factor in analyzing the environmental impact of socio economic metabolism', Population and the Environment, Vol. 23, pp.7-47.
37. Fonkych, K. and Lempert, R. (2005) 'Assessment of environmental Kuznets curves and socioeconomic drivers in IPCC's SRES scenarios', Journal of Environment and Development, Vol. 14, pp.27-47.
38. 2 emissions: a robustness exercise', Ecological Economics, Vol. 57, pp.152-63.
39. Galeotti, M., Manera, M. and Lanza, A. (2006) 'On the robustness of robustness checks of the EKC', Nota di lavoro FEEM, No. 22, FEEM, Milan.
40. Grether, J.M., Mathys, N. and de Melo, J. (2006) 'Unravelling the world wide pollution haven effect', Nota di lavoro, No. 122, FEEM, Milan.
41. Grossman, G.M. and Krueger, A.B. (1994) 'Economic growth and the environment', NBER Working Papers, No. 4634, NBER.
42. Halkos, G. (2003) 'EKC for sulphur: evidence using GMM estimation and random coefficient panel data models', Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 8, pp.581-601.
43. Harbaugh, W., Levinson, A. and Wilson, D. (2002) 'Re-examining the empirical evidence for an environmental Kuznets curve', The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 84, pp.541-551.
44. 2 emissions and economic growth', NBER Working Papers, No. 4248. NBER.
45. Ike, T. (1999) 'A Japanese NAMEA', Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp.122-149.
46. ISTAT (2001) Statistiche ambientali 2000, Rome.
47. Kelly, D. (2003) 'On EKC arising from stock externalities', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol. 27, pp.1367-1390.
48. Keuning, S., van Dalen, J. and de Haan, M. (1999) 'The Netherlands' NAMEA; presentation, usage and future extensions', Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp.15-37.
49. Khanna, N. and Plassmann, F. (2007) 'Total factor productivity and the EKC: a comment and some intuition', Ecological Economics, Vol. 63, pp.54-58.
50. Kuznets, S. (1955) 'Economic growth and income inequality', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, Vol. 45, pp.1-28.
51. Lieb, C.M. (2004) 'The environmental Kuznets curve and flow versus stock pollution: the neglect of future damages', Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 29, pp.483-506.
52. Lindmark, M. (2002) 'An EKC pattern in historical perspective: carbon dioxide emissions, technology, fuel prices and growth in Sweden 1870-1997', Ecological Economics, Vol. 42, pp.333-347.
53. List, J.A. and Gallet, C.A. (1999) 'The environmental Kuznets curve :does one size fits all?', Ecological Economics, Vol. 31, pp.409-424.
54. Liu, X. (2005) 'Explaining the relationship between CO2 emissions and national income: the role of energy consumption', Economic Letters, Vol. 87, pp.325-28.
55. Managi, S. (2006a) 'Are there increasing returns to pollution abatement? empirical analytics of the environmental Kuznets curve in pesticides', Ecological Economics, Vol. 58, pp.617-36.
56. Managi, S. (2006b) 'Pollution, natural resource and economic growth: an econometric analysis', Int. J. Global Environmental Issues, Vol. 6, pp.73-88.
57. Martini, C. (2006) 'La curva di Kuznets ambientale', La Questione Agraria, pp.99-128.
58. Martinez-Zarzoso, I. and Bengochea-Morancho, A. (2004) 'Pooled mean group estimation of an environmental Kuznets curve for CO2', Economics Letters, Vol. 82, pp.121-126.
59. 2 emissions: evidence from European countries', Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 38, pp.497-512.
60. Mazzanti, M. and Zoboli, R. (2007) 'Environmental efficiency, emission trends and labour productivity: trade-off or complementary dynamics? Empirical evidence using NAMEA panel data', Nota di lavoro, No. 40, FEEM, Milan, Available at: www.feem.it.
61. Mazzanti, M., Montini, A. and Zoboli, R. (2007) 'Struttura produttiva territoriale ed indicatori di efficienza ambientale attraverso la NAMEA regionale', Economia delle Fonti di Energia e dell'Ambiente, Vol. 1.
62. Mazzanti, M., Montini, A. and Zoboli, R. (2008) 'Municipal waste generation and socioeconomic drivers. Evidence from comparing Northern and Southern Italy', Journal of Environment and Development, Vol. 17, pp.51-69.
63. 2 emissions', Applied Economics.
64. Millimet, D., List, J. and Stengos, T. (2003) 'The EKC: real progress or mis-specified models?', The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 85, pp.1038-47.
65. Muller-Furstenberger, G. and Wagner, M. (2007) 'Exploring the EKC hypothesis: theoretical and econometric problems', Ecological Economics, Vol. 67, pp.648-660.
66. Muradian, R., O'Connor, M. and Martinez-Alier, J. (2002) 'Embodied pollution in trade: estimating the environmental load displacement of industrialised countries', Ecological Economics, Vol. 41, pp.51-67.
67. OECD, (2002) Indicators to Measure Decoupling of Environmental Pressure from Economic Growth, OECD, Paris, France.
68. Panayotou, T. (2003) 'Economic growth and the environment', Economic Survey of Europe, Vol. 2, pp.45-67.
69. Pasche, M. (2002) 'Technical progress, structural change and the EKC', Ecological Economics, Vol. 42, pp.381-389.
70. Prieur, F. (2007) 'The environmental Kuznets curve in a world of irreversibility', Nota di lavoro, No. 57, FEEM, Milan.
71. Ranjan, R. and Shortle, J. (2007) 'The EKC when the environment exhibits hysteresis, Ecological Economics, Vol. 64, pp.204-215.
72. Roca, J. (2002) 'The IPAT formula and its limitations', Ecological Economics, Vol. 42, pp.1-2.
73. Roca, J. (2003) 'Do individual preferences explain the EKC?', Ecological Economics, Vol. 54, pp.3-10.
74. Roca, J. and Serrano, M. (2007a) 'Income growth and atmospheric pollution in Spain: an input output approach', Ecological Economics, Vol. 63, pp.230-242.
75. Roca, J. and Serrano, M. (2007b) 'Atmospheric pollution and consumption patterns in Spain: an input-output approach', Nota di lavoro, No .62, FEEM, Milan.
76. Roca, J., Padilla, E., Farrè, M. and Galletto, V. (2001) 'Economic growth and atmospheric pollution in Spain: discussing the EKC hypothesis', Ecological Economics, Vol. 39, pp.85-99.
77. Roy, N. and van Kooten, C. (2004) 'Another look at the income elasticity of non point source pollutants: a semi parametric approach', Economic Letters, Vol. 85, pp.17-22.
78. Schmalensee, R., Stoker, T.M. and Judson, R.A. (1998) 'World carbon dioxide emissions: 1950-2050', Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 80, pp.15-27.
79. Selden, D.H. and Song, D. (1994) 'Environmental quality and development: is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions?', Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 27 pp.147-62.
80. Shafik, N. (1994) 'Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis', Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 46, pp.757-73.
81. Shafik, N. and Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992) 'Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross country evidence', World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 904. Washington, D.C., World Bank.
82. Steenge, A. (1999) 'Input-output theory and institutional aspects of environmental policy', Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp.161-76.
83. Stern, D. (1998) 'Progress on the environmental Kuznets curve?', Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 3, pp.173-196.
84. Stern, D. (2004) 'The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve', World Development, Vol. 32, pp.1419-38.
85. Stern, D.I., Common, M.S. and Barbier, E.B. (1996) 'Economic growth and environmental degradation: the environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development', World Development, Vol. 24, pp.1151-1160.
86. Taskin, F. and Zaim, O. (2000) 'Searching for a Kuznets curve in environmental efficiency using Kernel estimation', Economic Letters, Vol. 68, pp.217-223.
87. Ten Kate, A. (1993) 'Industrial development and environment in Mexico', Working Paper Series, No. 1125. World Bank, Washington, DC.
88. Vaze, P. (1999) 'A NAMEA for the UK', Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp.99-121.
89. 2 panel EKC estimations', Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 32, pp.229-39.
90. 2: heterogeneity versus homogeneity', Discussion Paper 25, Tilburg University, Centre for Economic Research.
91. Wagner, M. (2006) 'The carbon Kuznets curve: a cloudy picture emitted by bad econometrics?', Working Paper Economic Series 197. Wien: Institute for Advanced Studies.
92. Wooldridge, J. (2002) Econometrics Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT press.
93. Yandle, B., Vijayaraghavan, M. and Bhattarai, M. (2002) 'The environmental Kuznets curve', A Primer, PERC Research Study, Vol. 02-01 pp.1-38.
94. Ziliak, S.T. and McCloskey, D. (2004) 'Size matters: the standard errors of regressions in the American economic review', Journal of Socio Economics, Vol. 33, pp.527-46.
95. Zoboli, R. (1996) 'Technology and changing population structure: environmental implications for the advanced countries', Dynamis-Quaderni, 6/96. IDSE-CNR, Milan. Available at: www.idse.mi.cnr.it.