Variation in heavy metals and microelements in South African medicinal plants obtained from street markets

Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 953-960

  Street, R A ^a   Kulkarni, M G ^a   Stirk, W A ^a   Southway, C ^b   Van Staden, J ^a  

^a School of Biological and Conservation Sciences   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Environmental pollution; Heavy metals; South Africa; Traditional medicine

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC; BORON; CADMIUM; COBALT; COPPER; ELEMENT; HEAVY METAL; IRON; LEAD; MANGANESE; MOLYBDENUM; NICKEL; ZINC; HERBACEOUS AGENT;

ARTICLE; BOWIEA VOLUBILIS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; DIOSCOREA DREGEANA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EUCOMIS AUTUMNALIS; MEDICINAL PLANT; MERWILLA NATALENSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECTROFLUOROMETRY; ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG CONTAMINATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; RELIABILITY; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ARSENIC; BORON; CADMIUM; COBALT; COMMERCE; COPPER; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; IRON; LEAD; MANGANESE; METALS, HEAVY; NICKEL; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, ATOMIC; TRACE ELEMENTS; ZINC;

EID: 47949105528     PISSN: 19440049     EISSN: 19440057     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02652030801993605     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Abou-Arab, AAK, Kawther, MS, El Tantawy, ME, Badeaa, RI, and Khayria, N. 1999. Quantity estimation of some contaminants in commonly used medicinal plants in the Egyptian market. Food Chem, 67:357–363.
2. Başgel, S, and Erdemoğlu, SB. 2006. Determination of mineral and trace elements in some medicinal herbs and their infusions consumed in Turkey. Sci Total Environ, 359:82–89.
3. Crouch, N, Symmonds, R, Spring, W, and Diederichs, N. 2006. “ Fact sheets for growing popular medicinal plant species ”. In Commercializing medicinal plants–a Southern African guide, Edited by:Diederichs, N. 97–142. Stellenbosch:Sun Press.
4. Dold, AP, and Cocks, ML. 2002. The trade in medicinal plants in the Eastern Cape Province. South Africa. S Afr J Sci, 98:589–597.
5. Erikson, KM, Thompson, K, Aschner, J, and Aschner, M. 2007. Manganese neurotoxicity:a focus on the neonate. Pharmacol Therapeut, 113:369–377.
6. Fatoki, OS, and Awofolu, R. 2003. Levels of Cd, Hg and Zn in some surface waters from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water SA, 29:375–380.
7. He, ZL, Yang, XE, and Stoffella, PJ. 2005. Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 19:125–140.
8. 3+) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid]:summary of toxicological, fortification and exposure data. Food Chem Toxicol, 38:99–111.
9. Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu medicinal plants:an inventory, Pietermaritzburg:University of Natal Press.
10. Kabata-Pendias, A. 2001. Trace elements in soils and plants, Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press.
11. Mander, M. 1998. The marketing of indigenous medicinal plants in South Africa:a case study in KwaZulu-Natal. Institute of Natural Resources. Forest. Products Marketing Programme, W9195/E, Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
12. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd ed, London:Academic Press.
13. Marx, J, Pretorius, E, Espag, WJ, and Bester, MJ. 2005. Urginea sanguinea:medicinal wonder or death in disguise?. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 20:26–34.
14. McGrath, SP, and Zhao, FJ. 2003. Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 14:277–282.
15. McLaughlin, MJ, Parker, DR, and Clark, JM. 1999. Metals and micronutrients–food safety issues. Field Crop Res, 60:143–163.
16. Naicker, K, Cukroska, E, and McCarthy, TS. 2003. Acid mine drainage arising from gold mining activity in Johannesburg, South Africa and environs. Environ Poll, 122:29–40.
17. Nkoane, BBM, Sawula, GM, Wibetoe, G, and Lund, W. 2005. Identification of Cu and Ni indicator plants from mineralized locations in Botswana. J Geochem Explorat, 86:130–142.
18. Okonkwo, JO, and Mothiba, M. 2005. Physico-chemical characteristics and pollution levels of heavy metals in the rivers in Thohoyandou, South Africa. J Hydrol, 308:122–127.
19. Przybylowicz, WJ, Pineda, CA, Prozesky, VM, and Mesjasz-Przybylowicz, J. 1995. Investigation of Ni hyperaccumulation by true elemental imaging. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res B Beam Interact Mat Atom, 104:176–181.
20. Scott, G, and Springfield, EP. 2004. Pharmaceutical monographs for 60 South African plant species used as traditional medicines. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Available from:http://www.plantzafrica.com/medmonographs/
21. Sparg, SG, Jäger, AK, Magwa, ML, and Van Staden, J. 2005. Cultivating the medicinal plant Merwilla natalensis as a crop–a small-scale farming approach. Outlook Agricult, 34:116–120.
22. Stafford, GI, Jäger, AK, and Van Staden, J. 2005. Effect of storage on the chemical composition and biological activity of several popular South African medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol, 97:107–115.
23. Steenkamp, V, Von Arb, M, and Stewart, MJ. 2000. Metal concentrations in plants and urine from patients treated with traditional remedies. Forensic Sci Int, 114:89–95.
24. Theophanides, T, and Anastassopoulou, J. 2002. Copper and carcinogenesis. Crit Rev. Oncol/Hematol, 42:57–64.
25. Toyokuni, S. 1996. Iron-reduced carcinogenesis:The role of redox regulation. Free Rad. Biol Med, 20:553–566.
26. Uriu-Adams, JY, and Keen, CL. 2005. Copper, oxidative stress and human health. Mol Aspect Med, 26:268–298.
27. Wagner, NJ, and Hlatshwayo, B. 2005. The occurrence of potentially hazardous trace elements in five Highveld coals, South Africa. Int J Coal Geol, 63:228–246.
28. World Health Organisation (WHO). 1998. Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, Geneva:WHO.
29. World Health Organisation (WHO). 2003. Guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants, Geneva:WHO.
30. Zschocke, S, Rabe, T, Taylor, JLS, Jäger, AK, and Van Staden, J. 2000. Plant part substitution–a way to conserve endangered medicinal plants?. J Ethnopharmacol, 71:281–292.