Personal UV exposure in high albedo alpine sites

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 8, Issue 14, 2008, Pages 3749-3760

  Siani, A M ^a   Casale, G R ^a   Diemoz H ^b   Agnesod, G ^b   Kimlin, M G ^c   Lang, C A ^c   Colosimo, A ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b ARPA Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency)   (Italy)

^c QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ALBEDO; ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH; RADIATION EXPOSURE; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTHERN EUROPE; VALLE D'AOSTA;

EID: 47849125665     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-3749-2008     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Alaluf, S., Atkins, D., Barrett, K., Blount, M., Carter, N., and Heath, A.: The impact of epidermal melanin on objective measurements of human skin colour, Pigment. Cell. Res., 15, 119-126, 2002a.
2. Alaluf, S., Atkins, D., Barrett, K., Blount, M., Carter, N., and Heath, A.: Ethnic variation in melanin content and composition in photo exposed and photo protected human skin, Pigment. Cell. Res., 15, 112-118, 2002b.
3. Allen, M. and McKenzie, R. L.: Enhanced UV exposure on a skifield compared with exposures at sea level, Photochem. Phtobiol. Sci., 4, 429-437, 2005.
4. Allen, M. and McKenzie, R. L.: UV exposure on New Zealand ski-fields, in UV Radiation and its Effects: an update, Royal Society of New Zealand, Miscellaneous Series, 68, Wellington, 70-71, 2006.
5. Antoine, M., Sottas, P. E., Bulliard, J. L., and Venez, D.: Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 17, 58-68, 2007.
6. Bastuji-Garin, S. and Diepgen, T. L:. Cutaneous malignant melanoma, sun exposure, and sunscreen use: epidemiological evidence, Br. J. Dermatol., 146(61), 24-30, 2002.
7. Bener, P.: Investigation of the spectral intensity of ultraviolet sky and sun+sky radiation (between 297.5 and 370 nm) under different conditions of cloudless weather at 1590ma.s.l., Contract AF61(052)-54, Technical Summary n.1, Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland, 1960.
8. Bener, P.: The diurnal, and annual variations of the spectral intensity of UV sky and global radiation on cloudless days at Davos, 1590m a.sl., Contract AF61(052)-618, Technical Summary n.2, Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland, 1963.
9. Blumthaler, M., Ambach, W., and Ellinger, R.: Increase in solar UV radiation with altitude, J. Photochem. Photobiol, B. Biol., 39,130-134, 1997.
10. Blumthaler, M. and Ambach, W.: Human solar ultraviolet radiant exposure in high mountains, Atmos. Environ, 22, 749-753, 1988.
11. Casale, G. R., Borra, M., Colosimo, A., Colucci, M., Militello, A., Siani, A. M., and Sisto, R: Variability among polysulphone calibration curves, Phys. Med. Biol., 51, 4413-4427, 2006.
12. Chodick, G., Kleinerman, R. A., Linet, M. S., Fears, T., Kwok, R. K., Kimlin, M. G., Alexander, B. H., and Freedman, D. M.: Agreement between diary records of time spent outdoors and personal ultraviolet radiation dose measurements, Photochem. Photobiol., 84(3), 713-718, 2008.
13. C.I.E. (Commission Internationale d'Eclairage): C.I.E. 1976 uniform color spaces, Colorimetry, C.I.E. publication, 15.2, 29-32, 1986.
14. C.I.E. (Commission Internationale d'Eclairage): Research Note. A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin, C.I.E. J., 6, 17-22, 1987.
15. COST-713 Action: UV Index for the Public. European, Communities, Brussels, 27, 2000.
16. Diffey, B. L.: Personal Ultraviolet Radiation Dosimetry with Polysulphone Film Badges Photodermatol. 1, 151-157, 1984.
17. Diffey, B. L.: Ultraviolet Radiation dosimetry with polysulphone film. Radiation Measurement in Photobiology, London Academic Press 135-159, 1989.
18. Diffey, B. L.: Climate change, ozone depletion and the impact on ultraviolet exposure on human skin, Phys. Med. Biol., 49, R1-11, 2004.
19. Fitzpatrick, T. B., Pathak, M., and Parrish, J. A.: Protection of human skin against the effects of the sunburn ultraviolet (290-320 nm). Sunlight and Man: Normal and Abnormal Photobiologic Responses, edited by: Pathak, M. A., Harber, L. C., Seiji, M., and Kukita, A.; consulting ed. T. B. Fitzpatrick, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 751, 1974.
20. Friedman, M.: The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32, 675-701,1937.
21. Gröbner, J., Schreder J., Kazadzis, S., Bais, A. F., Blumthaler, M., Görts, P., Tax, R., Koskela, T., Seckmeyer, G., Webb, A. R., and Rembges, D.: Travelling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements, Appl. Opt., 44, 5321-5331, 2005.
22. Kerr, J. B.: Understanding the factors that affect surface UV radiation Proc. SPIE, Ultraviolet Ground and Space based measurements, models and effects III, San Diego August 2003, 5156, 1-14, 2003.
23. Kimlin, M. G.: Techniques for assessing human UV exposures. Proc. SPIE, Ultraviolet Ground and Space based measurements, models and effects III, San Diego August 2003, 5156, 197-206, 2003.
24. Kimlin, M. G.: Exposure to UV radiation and human health, Proc. SPIE, Ultraviolet Ground and Space based measurements, models and effects V, San Diego August 2005, 5886, N1-8, 2005.
25. Knuschke, P., Unverricht, I., and Ott, G.: Baseline - Reference of solar UV Exposures to assess individual UV exposure levels in the population, Proc. of the UV Conference, One Century of UV Radiation Research, Davos, Switzerland, Sept. 2007, 127-128, 2007.
26. Koepke, P. and Mech, M.: UV irradiance on arbitrarily oriented surfaces: variation with atmospheric and ground properties, Theor. Appl. Climatol. 81, 25-32, 2005
27. McCarthy, C. A. and Taylor, H. R.: A review of the epidemiological evidence linking ultraviolet radiation and cataract, Dev. Ophtalmol., 35, 21-21, 2002.
28. Meloni, D., Casale, G. R., Siani, A. M., Palmieri, S., and Cappellani, F.: UV dose patterns in Italy, Photochem. Photobiol., 71, 681-690, 2000.
29. Moehrle, M., Korn, M., and Garbe, C.: Bacillus subtillis spore film dosimeter in personal dosimetry for occupational solar ultraviolet exposure, Int. Arch. Environ. Health, 73, 575-580, 2000.
30. Moehrle, M., Dennenmoser, B., and Garbe, C.: Continuous Longterm monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals high exposure, Int. J. Cancer, 103, 775-778, 2003.
31. Norval, M., Cullen, A. P., de Gruijl, F. R., Longstreth, J., Takizawa, Y., Lucas, R. M., Noonan, F. P., and van der Leun, J. C.: The effects on human health from stratospheric ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 6, 232-251, doi:10.1039/b700018a, 2007.
32. Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), ozone data available at: http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone/ozone_v8.html, 2008.
33. Oppenrieder, A., Hoeppe, P., Kopeke, P., Reuder, J., Seefeldner, M., and Rabus, D.: Measuring UV-radiation on inclined surfaces, Proc. SPIE, Ultraviolet Ground and Space based measurements, models and effects III, San Diego August 2003, 5156, 339-342, 2003.
34. Pfeifer, M. T., Koepke, P., and Reuder, J.: Effects of altitude and aerosol on UV radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D01203, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006444, 2006.
35. Parisi, A. V.: Physics concepts of solar ultraviolet radiation by distance education, Eur. J. Phys. 26, 313-320, 2005.
36. Park, S. B., Huh, C. H., Choe, Y. B., and Youn, J. I.: Time course of ultraviolet-induced skin reactions evaluated by two different reflectance spectrophotometers: DermaSpectrophotometer and Minolta spectrophotometer CM-2002, Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed., 18, 23-28, 2002.
37. Rigel, E. G., Lebwhohl, M. G., Rigel A. C., and Rigel, D. S.: Ultraviolet Radiation in Alpine Skiing, Arch. Dermatol., 39, 60-62, 2003.
38. Rubegni, P., Cevenini, G., Flori, M. L., Fimiani, M., Stanghellini, E., Molinu, A., Barbini, P., and Andreassi, L.: Relationship between skin color and sun exposure history: a statistical classification approach, Photochem. Photobiol., 65, 347-51, 1997.
39. Rosso, S., Joris, F., and Zanetti, R.: Risk of basal and squamous cell carcinoma of skin in Sion, Switzerland: a case - control study, Tumori, 85, 435-442, 1999.
40. Schauberger, G.: Model for the global irradiance of the solar biologically effective ultraviolet radiation on inclined surfaces, Photochem. Photobiol., 52(5), 1029-1031, 1990.
41. Schmucki, D. A. and Philipona, R.: Ultraviolet radiation in the Alps: the altitude effect, Opt. Eng. 41(12), 3090-3095, 2002.
42. Seckmeyer, G., Mayer, B., Bernhard, G., Erb, R., Albold, A., Jager, H., and Stockwell, W. R.: New maximum UV irradiance levels observed in Central Europe, Atmos. Environ., 31(18), 2971-2976, 1997.
43. Seckmeyer, G., Bais, A. F., Bernhard, G., Blumthaler, M., Booth, C. R., Lantz, R. L., McKenzie, R. L., Disterhoft, P., and Webb A. R.: Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet radiation. Part 2: Broadband instruments measuring erythemally weighted solar irradiance, WMO/GAW 164, 1-50, 2006.
44. Seckmeyer, G., Pissulla, D., Glandorf, M., et al.: Variability of UV irradiance in Europe, Photochem. Photobiol., 83, 1-8, 2007.
45. Siani, A. M., Casale, G. R., Sisto, R., Borra, M., Kimlin, M. G., Lang, C. A., and Colosimo, A.: Short-term UV exposure of sunbathers at a Mediterranean sea site, in print on Photochem. Photobiol, 2008.
46. Webb, A. R.: Measuring UV radiation: a discussion of dosimeter properties, uses and limitations, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol, 31 9-13, 1995.
47. Webb, A. R.: Solar UVB Instrumentation and Applications Amsterdam, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1998.
48. Webb, A. R., Weihs, P., and Blumthaler, M.: Spectral UV irradiance on vertical surface: a case study, Photochem. Photobiol. 69(4), 464-470, 1999.
49. Webb, A. R., Gröbner, J., and Blumthaler, M.: A practical guide to operating broadband instruments measuring erythemally weighted irradiance, EUR 22595, ISBN 92-898-0032-1, Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, 2006.
50. Wilcoxon, F.: Individual comparisons by ranking methods, Biometrica Bulletin, 1, 80-83, 1945.
51. World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Scientific Assessment of ozone Depletion: 2006, Report 50, Surface Ultraviolet Radiation: Past, Present, and Future, Chapter 7, 7.1-7.54, 2007.
52. World Health Organization (WHO): Environmental Burden of Disease Series, No. 13. Geneva: edited by: Prüss-Üstün, A., Zeeb, H., Mathers, C., Repacholi, M., 1-250, 2006.