Influence of heating car seats on scrotal temperature

Fertility and Sterility

Volumn 90, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 335-339

  Jung, Andreas ^a   Strauss, Philipp ^a   Lindner, Hans Joachim ^b   Schuppe, Hans Christian ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b FORD WERKE GMBH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Genital heat stress; heated car seat; scrotal temperature; testicular temperature

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY SIZE; CAR; CLINICAL STUDY; HEAT SENSATION; HEAT STRESS; HEATING; HUMAN; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCROTUM; SITTING; WOOL;

ADULT; AUTOMOBILES; BODY TEMPERATURE; HEAT; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SCROTUM;

EID: 47849089708     PISSN: 00150282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.053     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Chowdhury A.K., and Steinberger E. Early changes in the germinal epithelium of rat testes following exposure to heat. J Reprod Fertil 22 (1970) 205-212
2. Thonneau P., Bujan L., Multigner L., and Mieusset R. Occupational heat exposure and male fertility: a review. Hum Reprod 13 (1998) 2122-2125
3. Lue Y.H., Sinha Hikim A.P., Swerdloff R.S., Im P., Taing K.S., Bui T., et al. Single exposure to heat induces stage-specific germ cell apoptosis in rats: role of intratesticular testosterone on stage specificity. Endocrinology 140 (1999) 1709-1717
4. Lue Y.H., Lasley B.L., Laughlin L.S., Swerdloff R.S., Sinha Hikim A.P., Leung A., et al. Mild testicular hyperthermia induces profound transitional spermatogenic suppression through increased germ cell apoptosis in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Androl 23 (2002) 799-805
5. Zhang Z.H., Jin X., Zhang X.S., Hu Z.Y., Zou R.J., Han C.S., et al. Bcl-2 and Bax are involved in experimental cryptorchidism-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis in rhesus monkey. Contraception 68 (2003) 297-301
6. Vera Y., Rodriguez S., Castanares M., Lue Y., Atienza V., Wang C., et al. Functional role of caspases in heat-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. Biol Reprod 72 (2005) 516-522
7. Sinha Hikim A.P., Lue Y., Yamamoto C.M., Vera Y., Rodriguez S., Yen P.H., et al. Key apoptotic pathways for heat-induced programmed germ cell death in the testis. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 3167-3175
8. Nishiyama H., Danno S., Kaneko Y., Itoh K., Yokoi H., Fukumoto M., et al. Decreased expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in male germ cells at elevated temperature. Am J Pathol 152 (1998) 289-296
9. Banks S., King S.A., Irvine S., and Saunders T.K. Impact of a mild scrotal heat stress on DNA integrity in murine spermatozoa. Reproduction 129 (2005) 505-514
10. Kurz K.R., and Goldstein M. Scrotal temperature reflects intratesticular temperature and is lowered by shaving. J Urol 135 (1986) 290-292
11. Hjollund N.H.I., Storgaard L., Ernst E., Bonde J.P., and Olsen J. The relation between daily activities and scrotal temperature. Reprod Toxicol 16 (2002) 209-214
12. Jockenhövel F., Gräwe A., and Nieschlag E. A portable digital data recorder for long-term monitoring of scrotal temperatures. Fertil Steril 54 (1990) 694-700
13. Lerchl A., Keck C., Spiteri-Grech J., and Nieschlag E. Diurnal variations in scrotal temperature of normal men and patients with varicocele before and after treatment. Int J Androl 16 (1993) 195-200
14. Jung A., Hofstötter J.P., Schuppe H.C., and Schill W.B. Relationship between sleeping posture and fluctuations in nocturnal scrotal temperature. Reprod Toxicol 17 (2003) 433-438
15. Jung A., Leonhardt F., Schill W.B., and Schuppe H.C. Influence of the type of undertrousers and physical activity on scrotal temperature. Hum Reprod 20 (2005) 1022-1027
16. Koskelo R., Zaproudina N., and Vuorikari K. High scrotal temperatures and chairs in the pathophysiology of poor semen quality. Pathophysiol 11 (2005) 221-224
17. Song G.S., and Seo J.T. Changes in the scrotal temperature of subjects in a sedentary posture over a heated floor. Int J Androl 29 (2006) 446-457
18. Sheynkin Y., Jung M., Yoo P., Schulsinger D., and Komaroff E. Increase in scrotal temperature in laptop computer users. Hum Reprod 20 (2005) 452-455
19. Bujan L., Daudin M., Charlet J.P., Thonneau P., and Mieusset R. Increase in scrotal temperature in car drivers. Hum Reprod 15 (2000) 1355-1357
20. Jung A. Genital heat stress as a threat to male fertility. Andrologia 33 (2001) 316-317
21. Thonneau P., Ducot B., Bujan L., Mieusset R., and Spira A. Effect of male occupational heat exposure on time to pregnancy. Int J Androl 20 (1997) 274-278
22. DAT-report 2007. Available at: www.dat.de. Accessed on May 16, 2007.
23. World Health Organization. WHO manual for the standardized investigation, diagnosis and management of the infertile male (2000), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
24. Figà-Talamanca I., Cini C., Varricchio G.C., Dondero F., Gandini L., Lenzi A., et al. Effects of prolonged autovehicle driving on male reproductive function: a study among taxi drivers. Amer J Industr Med 30 (1996) 750-758
25. Sas M., and Szöllösi J. Impaired spermiogenesis as a common finding among professional drivers. Arch Androl 3 (1979) 57-60
26. Hjollund N.H.I., Bonde J.P.E., Jensen K.T., and Olsen J. Diurnal scrotal skin temperature and semen quality. Int J Androl 23 (2000) 309-318
27. Jung A., Eberl M., and Schill W.B. Improvement of semen quality by nocturnal scrotal cooling and moderate behavioural change to reduce genital heat stress in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Reproduction 121 (2001) 595-603
28. Hjollund N.H.I., Storgaard L., Ernst E., Bonde J.P., and Olsen J. Impact of diurnal scrotal temperature and semen quality. Reprod Toxicol 16 (2002) 215-221
29. Wiktorin C., Hjelm E.W., Winkel J., Koster M., and Stockholm MUSIC I Study Group. MUSculoskeletal Intervention Center. Reproducibility of a questionnaire for assessment of physical load during work and leisure time. J Occup Environ Med 38 (1996) 190-201
30. Moeloek N. Polyester sling scrotal cover induces oligozoospermia in normal Indonesian men. Med J Indones 4 (1995) 225-230
31. Mieusset R., Bujan L., Mansat A., Pontonnier F., and Grandjean H. Hyperthermia and human spermatogenesis: enhancement of the inhibitory effect obtained by "artificial cryptorchidism.". Int J Androl 10 (1987) 571-580
32. Mieusset R., and Bujan L. The potential of mild testicular heating as a safe, effective and reversible contraceptive method for men. Int J Androl 17 (1994) 186-191
33. Shafik A. Testicular suspension as a method of male contraception: technique and results. Adv Contr Deliv Syst 7 (1991) 269-279
34. Shafik A. Contraceptive efficacy of polyester-induced azoospermia in normal men. Contraception 45 (1992) 439-451
35. Jung A., Schill W.B., and Schuppe H.C. Improvement of semen quality by nocturnal scrotal cooling in oligozoospermic men with a history of testicular maldescent. Int J Androl 28 (2005) 93-98