18 Coupling CE and microchip-based devices with mass spectrometry

Separation Science and Technology

Volumn 9, Issue , 2008, Pages 477-521

  Schappler, Julie ^a   Veuthey, Jean Luc ^a   Rudaz, Serge ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

CE MS; CEC MS; Chip CE MS; CZE MS; Ionization Sources; MEKC MS; Microfabricated Devices; NACE MS; Sheath Flow Interfaces; Sheathless Interfaces

Indexed keywords

EID: 47749146476     PISSN: 01496395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0149-6395(07)00018-9     Document Type: Review

References (410)

1. Banks J.F. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis/electrospray/mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 18 (1997) 2255-2266
2. Gelpi E. Interfaces for coupled liquid-phase separation/mass spectrometry techniques. An update on recent developments. J. Mass Spectrom. 37 (2002) 241-253
3. Mosi A.A., and Eigendorf G.K. Current mass spectrometric methods in organic chemistry. Curr. Org. Chem. 2 (1998) 145-172
4. Niessen W.M.A. Advances in instrumentation in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and related liquid-introduction techniques. J. Chromatogr. A 794 (1998) 407-435
5. Niessen W.M.A. State-of-the-art in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 856 (1999) 179-197
6. Ross G.A. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Practical implementation and applications. LC-GC Eur. 14 (2001) 45-49
7. Smith R.D., Goodlett D.R., and Wahl J.H. Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Approach. In: Landers J.P. (Ed). Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis (1994), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 185-206
8. Tomer K.B. Separations combined with mass spectrometry. Chem. Rev. 101 (2001) 297-328
9. Cai J.Y., and Henion J. Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 703 (1995) 667-692
10. Ding J., and Vouros P. Advances in CE/MS. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 378A-385A
11. Johansson I.M., Pavelka R., and Henion J.D. Determination of small drug molecules by capillary electrophoresis-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 559 (1991) 515-528
12. Johansson I.M., Huang E.C., Henion J.D., and Zweigenbaum J. Capillary electrophoresis-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of peptides. Instrumental considerations for mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. 554 (1991) 311-327
13. Mordehai A., Lim H.K., and Henion J.D. Ion-spray liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis mass-spectrometry on a modified benchtop ion-trap mass-spectrometer. In: March R.E., and Todd J.F.J. (Eds). Practical Aspects of Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry: Chemical, Environmental and Biomedical Applications Vol. 3 (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 215-237
14. Schmitt-Kopplin P., and Frommberger M. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: 15 years of developments and applications. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3837-3867
15. Schmitt-Kopplin P., and Englmann M. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: Survey on developments and applications 2003-2004. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1209-1220
16. Smith R.D., Wahl J.H., Goodlett D.R., and Hofstadler S.A. CE/MS. Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 574A-584A
17. Von Brocke A., Nicholson G., and Bayer E. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis/electrospray-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 1251-1266
18. Kok S.J., Velthorst N.H., Gooijer C., and Brinkman U.A. Analyte identification in capillary electrophoretic separation techniques. Electrophoresis 19 (1998) 2753-2776
19. Olivares J.A., Nguyen N.T., Yonker C.R., and Smith R.D. On-line mass spectrometric detection for capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 59 (1987) 1230-1232
20. Smith R.D., Barinaga C.J., and Udseth H.R. Improved electrospray ionization interface for capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 60 (1988) 1948-1952
21. Smith R.D., Olivares J.A., Nguyen N.T., and Udseth H.R. Capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionization interface. Anal. Chem. 60 (1988) 436-441
22. Bernet P., Blaser D., Berger S., and Schaer M. Development of a robust capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometer interface with a floating sheath liquid feed. Chimia (Aarau) 58 (2004) 196-199
23. Kolch W., Neususs C., Pelzing M., and Mischak H. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as a powerful tool in clinical diagnosis and biomarker discovery. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24 (2005) 959-977
24. Li F.A., Wu M.C., and Her G.R. Development of a multiplexed interface for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 5316-5321
25. Nilsson S.L., Bylund D., Joernten-Karlsson M., Petersson P., and Markides K.E. A chemometric study of active parameters and their interaction effects in a nebulized sheath-liquid electrospray interface for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 2100-2107
26. Tseng M.C., Chen Y.R., and Her G.R. A beveled tip sheath liquid interface for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 2084-2089
27. Lee E.D., Mueck W., Henion J.D., and Covey T.R. On-line capillary zone electrophoresis-ion spray tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of dynorphins. J. Chromatogr. 458 (1988) 313-321
28. Lee E.D., Mueck W., Henion J.D., and Covey T.R. Liquid junction coupling for capillary zone electrophoresis/ion spray mass spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 18 (1989) 844-850
29. Jussila M., Sinervo K., Porras S.P., and Riekkola M.L. Modified liquid-junction interface for nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 21 (2000) 3311-3317
30. Liu C.C., Jong R., and Covey T. Coupling of a large-size capillary column with an electrospray mass spectrometer. A reliable and sensitive sheath flow capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry interface. J. Chromatogr. A 1013 (2003) 9-18
31. Wachs T., Sheppard R.L., and Henion J. Design and applications of a self-aligning liquid junction-electrospray interface for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 685 (1996) 335-342
32. Issaq H.J., Janini G.M., Chan K.C., and Veenstra T.D. Sheathless electrospray ionization interfaces for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1053 (2004) 37-42
33. Kirby D.P., Thorne J.M., Gotzinger W.K., and Karger B.L. A CE/ESI-MS interface for stable, low-flow operation. Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 4451-4457
34. Alexander J.N., Schultz G.A., and Polil J.B. Development of a nano-electrospray mass spectrometry source for nanoscale liquid chromatography and sheathless capillary electrophoresis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12 (1998) 1187-1191
35. Bateman K.P., White R.L., and Thibault P. Disposable emitters for online capillary zone electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11 (1997) 307-315
36. Chen Y.R., Tseng M.C., Chang Y.Z., and Her G.R. A low-flow CE/electrospray ionization MS interface for capillary zone electrophoresis, large-volume sample stacking, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 503-508
37. Chen Y.R., Tseng M.C., and Her G.R. Design and performance of a low-flow capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry interface using an emitter with dual beveled edge. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1376-1382
38. Gucek M., Vreeken R.J., and Verheij E.R. Coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis to mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS) via a nanoelectrospray interface for the characterization of some β-agonists. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 612-619
39. Kele Z., Ferenc G., Klement E., Toth G.K., and Janaky T. Design and performance of a sheathless capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry interface by combining fused-silica capillaries with gold-coated nanoelectrospray tips. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2005) 881-885
40. Waterval J.C.M., Bestebreurtje P., Lingeman H., Versluis C., Heck A.J.R., Bult A., and Underberg W.J.M. Robust and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry interfaces suitable for combination with on-line analyte preconcentration. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 2701-2708
41. Barnidge D.R., Nilsson S., and Markides K.E. A design for low-flow sheathless electrospray emitters. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 4115-4118
42. Barnidge D.R., Nilsson S., Markides K.E., Rapp H., and Hjort K. Metallized sheathless electrospray emitters for use in capillary electrophoresis orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 994-1002
43. Bendahl L., Hansen S.H., and Olsen J. A new sheathless electrospray interface for coupling of capillary electrophoresis to ion-trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 16 (2002) 2333-2340
44. Chang Y.Z., Chen Y.R., and Her G.R. Sheathless capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry using a carbon-coated tapered fused-silica capillary with a beveled edge. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 5083-5087
45. Goodwin L., Startin J.R., Keely B.J., and Goodall D.M. Analysis of glyphosate and glufosinate by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry utilizing a sheathless microelectrospray interface. J. Chromatogr. A 1004 (2003) 107-119
46. Kelly J.F., Ramaley L., and Thibault P. Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry at submicroliter flow rates: practical considerations and analytical performance. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 51-60
47. Kriger M.S., Cook K.D., and Ramsey R.S. Durable gold-coated fused silica capillaries for use in electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 385-389
48. Mazereeuw M., Hofte A.J.P., Tjaden U.R., and Vandergreef J. A novel sheathless and electrodeless microelectrospray interface for the on-line coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis to mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11 (1997) 981-986
49. Petersson M.A., Hulthe G., and Fogelqvist E. New sheathless interface for coupling capillary-electrophoresis to electrospray mass-spectrometry evaluated by the analysis of fatty acids and prostaglandins. J. Chromatogr. A 854 (1999) 141-154
50. Ramsey R.S., and Mcluckey S.A. Capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry using a sheathless interface. J. Microcolumn Sep. 7 (1995) 461-469
51. Trapp O., Pearce E.W., Kimmel J.R., Yoon O.K., Zuleta I.A., and Zare R.N. A soft on-column metal coating procedure for robust sheathless electrospray emitters used in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1358-1365
52. Wahl J.H., Gale D.C., and Smith R.D. Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using 10 mm I.D. capillaries: analyses of tryptic digests of cytochrome C. J. Chromatogr. 659 (1994) 217-222
53. Chao B.F., Chen C.J., Li F.A., and Her G.R. Sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using a pulsed electrospray ionization source. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2083-2090
54. Cao P., and Moini M. A novel sheathless interface for capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using an in-capillary electrode. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 8 (1997) 561-564
55. Herring C.J., and Qin J. An online preconcentrator and the evaluation of electrospray interfaces for the capillary-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry of peptides. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 1-7
56. Mccomb M.E., and Perreault H. Design of a sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry probe for operation with a Z-Spray ionization source. Electrophoresis 21 (2000) 1354-1362
57. Janini G.M., Conrads T.P., Wilkens K.L., Issaq H.J., and Veenstra T.D. A sheathless nanoflow electrospray interface for on-line capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 1615-1619
58. Whitt J.T., and Moini M. Capillary electrophoresis to mass spectrometry interface using a porous junction. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 2188-2191
59. Bergstrom S.K., Samskog J., and Markides K.E. Development of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) interface for on-line capillary column liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis coupled to sheathless electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 5461-5467
60. Viberg P., Nilsson S., and Skog K. Nanospray mass spectrometry with indirect conductive graphite coating. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 4241-4244
61. Samskog J., Wetterhall M., Jacobsson S., and Markides K. Optimization of capillary-electrophoresis conditions for coupling to a mass-spectrometer via a sheathless interface. J. Mass Spectrom. 35 (2000) 919-924
62. Nilsson S., Wetterhall M., Bergquist J., Nyholm L., and Markides K.E. A simple and robust conductive graphite coating for sheathless electrospray emitters used in capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 15 (2001) 1997-2000
63. Chang Y.Z., and Her G.R. Sheathless capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry using a carbon-coated fused-silica capillary. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 626-630
64. Wetterhall M., Nilsson S., Markides K.E., and Bergquist J. A conductive polymeric material used for nanospray needle and low-flow sheathless electrospray ionization applications. Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 239-245
65. Spikmans V., Smith N.W., Tucker M.G., Horsten R., and Mazereeuw M. Hyphenation of capillary electrochromatography with mass spectrometry: the technique and its applications. LC-GC Eur. 13 (2000) 486-492
66. Bruins A.P. Mechanistic aspects of electrospray-ionization. J. Chromatogr. A 794 (1998) 345-357
67. Hirabayashi A., Sakairi M., Takada Y., and Koizumi H. Recent progress in atmospheric-pressure ionization mass-spectrometry. Trends Anal. Chem. 16 (1997) 45-52
68. Kebarle P., and Tang L. From ions in solution to ions in the gas phase: the mechanism of electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 972A-986A
69. Lazar I.M., Lee E.D., Rockwood A.L., and Lee M.L. General considerations for optimizing a capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry system. J. Chromatogr. A 829 (1998) 279-288
70. Somsen G.W., Mol R., and de Jong G.J. On-line micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry: feasibility of direct introduction of non-volatile buffer and surfactant into the electrospray interface. J. Chromatogr. A 1000 (2003) 953-961
71. Rundlett K.L., and Armstrong D.W. Mechanism of signal suppression by anionic surfactants in capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 3493-3497
72. Carroll D.I., Dzidic I., Stillwell R.N., Haegele K.D., and Horning E.C. Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Corona discharge ion source for use in a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer analytical system. Anal. Chem. 47 (1975) 2369-2372
73. Horning E.C., Horning M.G., Carroll D.I., Dzidic I., and Stillwell R.N. New picogram detection system based on a mass spectrometer with an external ionization source at atmospheric pressure. Anal. Chem. 45 (1973) 936-943
74. Tanaka Y., Otsuka K., and Terabe S. Evaluation of an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 30 (2003) 1889-1895
75. Isoo K., Otsuka K., and Terabe S. Application of sweeping to micellar electrokinetic chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of environmental pollutants. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 3426-3432
76. Takeda S., Tanaka Y., Yamane M., Siroma Z., Wakida S., Otsuka K., and Terabe S. Ionization of dichlorophenols for their analysis by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 924 (2001) 415-420
77. Takada Y., Sakairi M., and Koizumi H. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface for capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 1474-1476
78. Robb D.B., Covey T.R., and Bruins A.P. Atmospheric pressure photoionization: an ionization method for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 3653-3659
79. Bos S.J., Leeuwen S.M., and Karst U. From fundamentals to applications: recent developments in atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 384 (2006) 85-99
80. Cai Y., Kingery D., McConnell O., and Bach II A.C. Advantages of atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in support of drug discovery. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19 (2005) 1717-1724
81. Hsieh Y., Merkle K., Wang G., Brisson J.M., and Korfmacher W.A. High-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization/tandem mass spectrometric analysis for small molecules in plasma. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 3122-3127
82. Raffaelli A., and Saba A. Atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 22 (2003) 318-331
83. Keski-Hynnilae H., Kurkela M., Elovaara E., Antonio L., Magdalou J., Luukkanen L., Taskinen J., and Kostiainen R. Comparison of electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and atmospheric pressure photoionization in the identification of apomorphine, dobutamine, and entacapone phase II metabolites in biological samples. Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 3449-3457
84. Yang C., and Henion J. Atmospheric pressure photoionization liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of idoxifene and its metabolites in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. A 970 (2002) 155-165
85. Rauha J.P., Vuorela H., and Kostiainen R. Effect of eluent on the ionization efficiency of flavonoids by ion spray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 36 (2001) 1269-1280
86. Robb D.B., and Blades M.W. Factors affecting primary ionization in dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization (DA-APPI) for LC/MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2006) 130-138
87. Robb D.B., and Blades M.W. Effects of solvent flow, dopant flow, and lamp current on dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization (DA-APPI) for LC-MS. Ionization via proton transfer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 16 (2005) 1275-1290
88. Tubaro M., Marotta E., Seraglia R., and Traldi P. Atmospheric pressure photoionization mechanisms. 2. The case of benzene and toluene. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 2423-2429
89. Lias S.G., Liebman J.F., and Levin R.D. Evaluated gas phase basicities and proton affinities of molecules; heats of formation of protonated molecules. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 13 (1984) 695-808
90. Syage J.A., Hanold K.A., Lynn T.C., Horner J.A., and Thakur R.A. Atmospheric pressure photoionization. II. Dual source ionization. J. Chromatogr. A 1050 (2004) 137-149
91. Takino M., Daishima S., and Nakahara T. Determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate in river water by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry by automated on-line extraction using turbulent flow chromatography. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 383-390
92. Takino M., Daishima S., and Nakahara T. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of patulin in apple juice using atmospheric pressure photoionization. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 1965-1972
93. Takino M., Daishima S., and Nakahara T. Determination of chloramphenicol residues in fish meats by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1011 (2003) 67-75
94. Marchi I., Rudaz S., Selman M., and Veuthey J.L. Evaluation of the influence of protein precipitation prior to on-line SPE-LC-API/MS procedures using multivariate data analysis. J. Chromatogr. B. 845 (2007) 244-252
95. Hanold K.A., Fischer S.M., Cormia P.H., Miller C.E., and Syage J.A. Atmospheric pressure photoionization. 1. General properties for LC/MS. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 2842-2851
96. Mol R., de Jong G.J., and Somsen G.W. Atmospheric pressure photoionization for enhanced compatibility in on-line micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 77 (2005) 5277-5282
97. Mol R., de Jong G.J., and Somsen G.W. Online capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization: setup and system performance. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 146-154
98. Nilsson S.L., Andersson C., Sjoeberg P.J.R., Bylund D., Petersson P., Joernten-Karlsson M., and Markides K.E. Phosphate buffers in capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 2267-2272
99. Zheng J., and Shamsi S.A. Capillary electrochromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry for methylated benzo[a]pyrene isomers. Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 6921-6927
100. Himmelsbach M., Haunschmidt M., Buchberger W., and Klampfl C.W. Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with on-line atmospheric pressure. Anal. Chem. 79 (2007) 1564-1568
101. Huck C.W., Bakry R., Huber L.A., and Bonn G.K. Progress in capillary electrophoresis coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2063-2074
102. Stutz H. Advances in the analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray-mass spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1254-1290
103. Murray K.K. Coupling matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization to liquid separations. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 16 (1998) 283-299
104. Wehr T. Coupling liquid-phase separations and MALDI-MS. LC-GC North Am. 21 (2003) 974-982
105. Cohen L.H., and Gusev A.I. Small molecule analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373 (2002) 571-586
106. Yeung K.K.C., Kiceniuk A.G., and Li L. Capillary electrophoresis using a surfactant-treated capillary coupled with offline matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for high efficiency and sensitivity detection of proteins. J. Chromatogr. A 931 (2001) 153-162
107. Chakel J.A., Erno J., Hancock W.S., and Swedberg S.A. Analysis of recombinant DNA-derived glycoproteins via high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with off-line matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 689 (1997) 215-220
108. Rubakhin S.S., Page J.S., Monroe B.R., and Sweedler J.V. Analysis of cellular release using capillary electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 3752-3758
109. Page J.S., Rubakhin S.S., and Sweedler J.V. Direct cellular assays using off-line capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Analyst 125 (2000) 555-562
110. Suzuki H., Muller O., Guttman A., and Karger B.L. Analysis of 1-aminopyrene 3,6,8-trisulfonate-derivatized oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis with matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 4554-4559
111. Chang S.Y., and Yeung E.S. Laser vaporization/ionization interface for capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass-spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 2251-2257
112. Preisler J., Hu P., Rejtar T., and Karger B.L. Capillary electrophoresis-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a vacuum deposition interface. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 4785-4795
113. Zhang H., and Caprioli R.M. Capillary electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: continuous sample deposition on a matrix-precoated membrane target. J. Mass Spectrom. 31 (1996) 1039-1046
114. Karas M., Bahr U., Ingendoh A., Nordhoff E., Stahl B., Strupat K., and Hillenkamp F. Principles and applications of matrix-assisted UV-laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 241 (1990) 175-185
115. Michalke B. Capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: a report on technical principles and problem solutions, potential, and limitations of this technology as well as on examples of application. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1584-1597
116. Alvarez-Llamas G., Fernandez de la Campa M.d.R., and Sanz-Medel A. ICP-MS for specific detection in capillary electrophoresis. Trends Anal. Chem. 24 (2005) 28-36
117. Kannamkumarath S.S., Wrobel K., Wrobel K., B'Hymer C., and Caruso J.A. Capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: an attractive complementary technique for elemental speciation analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 975 (2002) 245-266
118. Majidi V. Capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchem. J. 66 (2000) 3-16
119. Sutton K.L., and Caruso J.A. Interfacing capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. LC-GC 17 (1999) 36-44
120. Michalke B., and Schramel P. The coupling of capillary electrophoresis to ICP-MS. Analusis 26 (1998) M51-M56
121. Sutton K., Sutton R.M.C., and Caruso J.A. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection for chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 789 (1997) 85-126
122. Juan-Garcia A., Font G., and Pico Y. Quantitative analysis of six pesticides in fruits by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1550-1561
123. Varesio E., Rudaz S., Krause K.H., and Veuthey J.L. Nanoscale liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry for the detection of amyloid-beta peptide related to Alzheimer's disease. J. Chromatogr. A 974 (2002) 135-142
124. Liu C.S., Li X.F., Pinto D., Hansen Jr. E.B., Cerniglia C.E., and Dovichi N.J. Online nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and electrospray mass spectrometry of tricyclic antidepressants and metabolic profiling of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans. Electrophoresis 19 (1998) 3183-3189
125. Garcia F., and Henion J. Fast capillary electrophoresis-ion spray mass spectrometric determination of sulfonylureas. J. Chromatogr. 606 (1992) 237-247
126. Sheppard R.L., and Henion J. Quantitative capillary electrophoresis ion spray tandem mass spectrometry determination of EDTA in human plasma and urine. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 2901-2907
127. Bach G.A., and Henion J. Quantitative capillary electrophoresis-ion-trap mass spectrometry determination of methylphenidate in human urine. J. Chromatogr. B 707 (1998) 275-285
128. Chen Y.R., Wen K.C., and Her G.R. Analysis of coptisine, berberine and palmatine in adulterated Chinese medicine by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 866 (2000) 273-280
129. Figeys D., Van Oostveen I., Ducret A., and Aebersold R. Protein identification by capillary zone electrophoresis/microelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry at the subfemtomole level. Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 1822-1828
130. Wu J.T., Qian M.G., Li M.X., Zheng K., Huang P., and Lubman D.M. On-line analysis by capillary separations interfaced to an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. J. Chromatogr. A 794 (1998) 377-389
131. Deforce D.L.D., Raymackers J., Meheus L., Van Wijnendaele F., De Leenheer A., and Van den Eeckhout E.G. Characterization of DNA oligonucleotides by coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis to electrospray ionization Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 3060-3068
132. Mccomb M.E., Krutchinsky A.N., Ens W., Standing K.G., and Perreault H. Sensitive high-resolution analysis of biological molecules by capillary-zone-electrophoresis coupled with reflecting time-of-flight mass-spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 800 (1998) 1-11
133. Choudhary G., Horvath C., and Banks J.F. Capillary electrochromatography of biomolecules with online electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 828 (1998) 469-480
134. Hofstadler S.A., Wahl J.H., Bruce J.E., and Smith R.D. On-line capillary electrophoresis with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 6983-6984
135. Hofstadler S.A., Wahl J.H., Bakhtiar R., Anderson G.A., Bruce J.E., and Smith R.D. Capillary electrophoresis/Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry with sustained off-resonance irradiation for the characterization of protein and peptide mixtures. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 5 (1994) 894-899
136. Hofstadler S.A., Swanek F.D., Gale D.C., Ewing A.G., and Smith R.D. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for direct analysis of cellular proteins. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 1477-1480
137. Hofstadler S.A., Severs J.C., Smith R.D., Swanek F.D., and Ewing A.G. High performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis. J. High Res. Chromatogr. 19 (1996) 617-621
138. Hofstadler S.A., Severs J.C., Smith R.D., Swanek F.D., and Ewing A.G. Analysis of single cells with capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 10 (1996) 919-922
139. Niessen, W. M. A. (2004). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition, revised and expanded, Dekker, New York, NY.
140. De Hoffman, E., Charette, J., and Stroobant, V. (1996). Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications, Wiley, Chichester, UK.
141. Desiderio, D. M. (1992). Mass Spectrometry: Clinical and Biomedical Applications, Vol. 1, Plenum, New York, NY.
142. Simpson D.C., and Smith R.D. Combining capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for applications in proteomics. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1291-1305
143. Ramautar R., Demirci A., and De Jong G.J. Capillary electrophoresis in metabolomics. Trends Anal. Chem. 25 (2006) 455-466
144. Campa C., Coslovi A., Flamigni A., and Rossi M. Overview on advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of carbohydrates: a tabulated review. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2027-2050
145. Gennaro L.A., Salas-Solano O., and Ma S. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as characterization tool for therapeutic proteins. Anal. Biochem. 355 (2006) 249-258
146. Servais A.C., Crommen J., and Fillet M. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, an attractive tool for drug bioanalysis and biomarker discovery. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2616-2629
147. Hernandez-Borges J., Neusuess C., Cifuentes A., and Pelzing M. On-line capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of biomolecules. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 2257-2281
148. Fliser D., Wittke S., and Mischak H. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical diagnostic purposes. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 2708-2716
149. Weissinger E.M., Hertenstein B., Mischak H., and Ganser A. Online coupling of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Expert Rev. Proteomics 2 (2005) 639-647
150. Willems A.V., Deforce D.L., Van Peteghem C.H., and Van Bocxlaer J.F. Analysis of nucleic acid constituents by on-line capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1221-1253
151. Moini M. Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry and its application to the analysis of biological mixtures. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373 (2002) 466-480
152. Smyth W.F. Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2051-2062
153. Erny G.L., and Cifuentes A. Liquid separation techniques coupled with mass spectrometry for chiral analysis of pharmaceuticals compounds and their metabolites in biological fluids. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 40 (2006) 509-515
154. Smyth W.F. Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1334-1357
155. Shamsi S.A., and Miller B.E. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: recent advances to the analysis of small achiral and chiral solutes. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 3927-3961
156. Hamdan M. Pharmaceutical applications of liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Process Control Qual. 10 (1997) 113-127
157. Smyth W.F., and Brooks P. A critical evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for the detection and determination of small molecules of significance in clinical and forensic science. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 1413-1446
158. Simo C., Barbas C., and Cifuentes A. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry in food analysis. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1306-1318
159. Rosenberg E. The potential of organic (electrospray- and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) mass spectrometric techniques coupled to liquid-phase separation for speciation analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 1000 (2003) 841-889
160. Nielen M.W.F. Industrial applications of capillary zone electrophoresis mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 712 (1995) 269-284
161. Klampfl C.W. Recent advances in the application of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometric detection. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 3-34
162. Altria K.D., Kelly M.A., and Clark B.J. Current applications in the analysis of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis. I. Trends Anal. Chem. 17 (1998) 204-214
163. Altria K.D., Kelly M.A., and Clark B.J. Current applications in the analysis of pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis. II. Trends Anal. Chem. 17 (1998) 214-226
164. Guetens G., De Boeck G., Highley M.S., Wood M., Maes R.A.A., Eggermont A.A.M., Hanauske A., de Bruijn E.A., and Tjaden U.R. Hyphenated techniques in anticancer drug monitoring. II. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 976 (2002) 239-247
165. Cherkaoui S., Rudaz S., Varesio E., and Veuthey J.L. Online capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass-spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Chimia 53 (1999) 501-505
166. Wan H., and Thompson R.A. Capillary electrophoresis technologies for screening in drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today: Technol. 2 (2005) 171-178
167. a values of pharmaceuticals by pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 2639-2648
168. Vassort A., Barrett D.A., Shaw P.N., Ferguson P.D., and Szucs R. A generic approach to the impurity profiling of drugs using standardized and independent capillary zone electrophoresis methods coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1712-1723
169. Visky D., Jimidar I., van Ael W., Vennekens T., Redlich D., and de Smet M. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry in impurity profiling of pharmaceutical products. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 1541-1549
170. Naylor S., Benson L.M., and Tomlinson A.J. Application of CE and related techniques to drug metabolism studies. J. Chromatogr. A 735 (1996) 415-438
171. Baldacci A., Prost F., and Thormann W. Identification of diphenhydramine metabolites in human urine by capillary electrophoresis-ion trap-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 1607-1614
172. Varesio E., Cherkaoui S., and Veuthey J.L. Optimization of CE-ESI-MS parameters for the analysis of ecstasy and derivatives in urine. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 21 (1998) 653-657
173. Boatto G., Nieddu M., Carta A., Pau A., Palomba M., Asproni B., and Cerri R. Determination of amphetamine-derived designer drugs in human urine by SPE extraction and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry detection. J. Chromatogr. B 814 (2005) 93-98
174. Schappler J., Guillarme D., Prat J., Veuthey J.L., and Rudaz S. Enhanced method performances for conventional and chiral CE-ESI/MS analyses in plasma. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 1537-1546
175. Shamsi S.A. Chiral capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: modes and applications. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 4036-4051
176. Fanali, S., Cristalli, M., Vespalec, R., Bocek, P. (1994). Chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis. In A. Chrambach M. J. Dunn, & B. J. Radola (Eds), Advance in electrophoresis (Vol. 7, pp. 1-86). Weinheim, D: VCH.
177. Chankvetadze B., and Blaschke G. Selector-selectand interactions in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 20 (1999) 2592-2604
178. Chankvetadze B. Recent trends in enantioseparations using capillary electromigration techniques. Trends Anal. Chem. 18 (1999) 485-498
179. Sheppard R.L., Tong X., Cai J., and Henion J.D. Chiral separation and detection of terbutaline and ephedrine by capillary electrophoresis coupled with ion spray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 2054-2058
180. Otsuka K., Smith C.J., Grainger J., Barr J.R., Patterson J., Tanaka N., and Terabe S. Stereoselective separation and detection of phenoxy acid herbicide enantiomers by cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 817 (1998) 75-81
181. Iwata Y.T., Kanamori T., Ohmae Y., Tsujikawa K., Inoue H., and Kishi T. Chiral analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants using reversed-polarity capillary electrophoresis/positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 1770-1776
182. Valtcheva L., Mohammed J., Pettersson G., and Hjerten S. Chiral separation of β-blockers by high performance capillary electrophoresis based on non-immobilized cellulase as enantioselective protein. J. Chromatogr. 638 (1993) 263-267
183. Tanaka Y., and Terabe S. Partial separation zone technique for the separation of enantiomers by affinity electrokinetic chromatography with proteins as chiral pseudo-stationary phases. J. Chromatogr. A 694 (1995) 277-284
184. 1-acid glycoprotein as chiral selector. Chromatographia 44 (1997) 119-128
185. Amini A., Pettersson C., and Westerlund D. Enantioresolution of disopyramide by capillary affinity electrokinetic chromatography with human alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) as chiral selector applying a partial filling technique. Electrophoresis 18 (1997) 950-957
186. Javerfalk E.M., Amini A., Westerlund D., and Andren P.E. Chiral separation of local anesthetics by a capillary electrophoresis/partial filling technique coupled online to micro-electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 33 (1998) 183-186
187. Cherkaoui S., Rudaz S., Varesio E., and Veuthey J.L. On-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry for the stereoselective analysis of drugs and metabolites. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 3308-3315
188. Grard S., Morin P., Dreux M., and Ribet J.P. Efficient applications of capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of adrenoreceptor antagonist enantiomers using a partial filling technique. J. Chromatogr. A 926 (2001) 3-10
189. Toussaint B., Palmer M., Chiap P., Hubert P., and Crommen J. On-line coupling of partial filling-capillary zone electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the separation of clenbuterol enantiomers. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 1363-1372
190. Lio R., Chinaka S., Tanaka S., Takayama N., and Hayakawa K. Simultaneous chiral determination of methamphetamine and its metabolites in urine by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Analyst 128 (2003) 646-650
191. Fanali S. Identification of chiral drug isomers by CE. J. Chromatogr. A 735 (1996) 77-121
192. Altria K.D., Goodall D.M., and Rogan M.M. Quantitative determination of drug counter-ion stoichiometry by capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia 38 (1994) 637-642
193. Wren S.A.C., and Rowe R.C. Theoretical aspects of chiral separation in CE. I. Initial evaluation of a model. J. Chromatogr. 603 (1992) 235-241
194. Ward T.J., Dann C.I., and Blaylock A. Enantiomeric resolution using the macrocyclic antibiotics rifamycin B and rifamycin SV as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 715 (1995) 337-344
195. Armstrong D.W., Tang Y.B., Chen S.S., Zhou Y.W., Bagwill C., and Chen J.R. Macrocyclic antibiotics as a new class of chiral selectors for liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 1473-1484
196. Armstrong D.W., Rundlett K.L., and Chen J.-R. Evaluation of the macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin as a chiral selector for CE. Chirality 6 (1994) 496-509
197. Armstrong D.W., and Nair U.B. Capillary electrophoretic enantioseparations using macrocyclic antibiotics as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis 18 (1997) 2331-2342
198. Fanali S., Desiderio C., Schulte G., Heitmeier S., Strickmann D., Chankvetadze B., and Blaschke G. Chiral capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry coupling using vancomycin as chiral selector. J. Chromatogr. A 800 (1998) 69-76
199. Tanaka Y., Kishimoto Y., and Terabe S. Separation of acidic enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry employing a partial filling technique. J. Chromatogr. A 802 (1998) 83-88
200. Schulte G., Heitmeier S., Chankvetadze B., and Blaschke G. Chiral capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry coupling with charged cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors. J. Chromatogr. A 800 (1998) 77-82
201. Cherkaoui S., and Veuthey J.L. Use of negatively charged cyclodextrins for the simultaneous enantioseparation of selected anesthetic drugs by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 27 (2001) 615-626
202. Rudaz S., Calleri E., Geiser L., Cherkaoui S., Prat J., and Veuthey J.L. Infinite enantiomeric resolution of basic compounds using highly sulfated cyclodextrin as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 2633-2641
203. Rudaz S., Cherkaoui S., Gauvrit J.Y., Lanteri P., and Veuthey J.L. Experimental designs to investigate capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry enantioseparation with the partial-filling technique. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 3316-3326
204. Rudaz S., Veuthey J.L., Desiderio C., and Fanali S. Simultaneous stereoselective analysis by capillary electrophoresis of tramadol enantiomers and their main phase I metabolites in urine. J. Chromatogr. A 846 (1999) 227-237
205. Rudaz S., Geiser L., Souverain S., Prat J., and Veuthey J.L. Rapid stereoselective separations of amphetamine derivatives with highly-sulfated CD. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 3910-3920
206. Geiser L., and Veuthey J.L. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis. Electrophoresis 28 (2007) 45-57
207. Chiari M., and Kenndler E. Capillary zone electrophoresis in organic solvents-separation of anions in methanolic buffer solutions. J. Chromatogr. A 716 (1995) 303-309
208. Cherkaoui S., Varesio E., Christen P., and Veuthey J.L. Selectivity manipulation using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Application to tropane alkaloids and amphetamine derivatives. Electrophoresis 19 (1998) 2900-2906
209. Sarmini K., and Kenndler E. Ionization constants of weak acids and bases in organic solvents. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 38 (1999) 123-137
210. Jansson M., and Roeraade J. N-methylformamide as a separation medium in capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia 40 (1995) 163-169
211. Sahota R.S., and Khaledi M.G. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 1141-1146
212. Bjornsdottir I., and Hansen S.H. Comparison of separation selectivity in aqueous and non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A 711 (1995) 313-322
213. Valko I.E., Siren H., and Riekkola M.L. Determination of association constants of dansyl-amino acids and beta-cyclodextrin in N-methylformamide by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 18 (1997) 919-923
214. Geiser L., Cherkaoui S., and Veuthey J.L. Potential of formamide and N-methylformamide in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Application to the analysis of β-blockers. J. Chromatogr. A 979 (2002) 389-398
215. Anderson M.S., Lu B., Abdel-Rehim M., Blomberg S., and Blomberg L.G. Utility of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for the determination of lidocaine and its metabolites in human plasma: a comparison of ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 18 (2004) 2612-2618
216. Geiser L., Cherkaoui S., and Veuthey J.L. Simultaneous analysis of some amphetamine derivatives in urine by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 895 (2000) 111-121
217. Matysik F.M. Special aspects of detection methodology in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 400-407
218. Tomlinson A.J., Benson L.M., and Naylor S. Advantages of nonaqueous solvents in the analysis of drug metabolites using CE and on-line CE-MS. LC-GC Int. 8 (1995) 210-216
219. Yang Q., Benson L.M., Johnson K.L., and Naylor S. Analysis of lipophilic peptides and therapeutic drugs-on-line- nonaqueous capillary-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 38 (1999) 103-121
220. Ahrer W., and Buchberger W. Determination of haloacetic acids by the combination of nonaqueous capillary-electrophoresis and mass-spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 365 (1999) 604-609
221. Vuorensola K., Siren H., Kostiainen R., and Kotiaho T. Analysis of catecholamines by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-nanospray mass spectrometry. Use of aqueous and non-aqueous solutions compared with physical parameters. J. Chromatogr. A 979 (2002) 179-189
222. Steiner F., and Hassel M. Influence of solvent properties on separation and detection performance in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of basic analytes. J. Chromatogr. A 1068 (2005) 131-142
223. Cherkaoui S., and Veuthey J.L. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for the analysis of fluoxetine and its related compounds. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 442-448
224. Tomlinson A.J., Benson L.M., Gorrod J.W., and Naylor S. Investigation of the in vitro metabolism of the H2-antagonist mifentidine by online capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using non-aqueous separation conditions. J. Chromatogr. B 657 (1994) 373-381
225. Reid J.M., Walker D.L., Miller J.K., Benson L.M., Tomlinson A.J., Naylor S., Blajeski A.L., LoRusso P.M., and Ames M.M. The metabolism of pyrazoloacridine (NSC 366140) by cytochromes p450 and flavin monooxygenase in human liver microsomes. Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (2004) 1471-1480
226. Tomlinson A.J., Benson L.M., and Naylor S. Effects of organic solvent in the CE and online CE-MS analysis of drug metabolite mixtures. Am. Lab. 26 (1994) 29-34
227. Lu W., Poon G.K., Carmichael P.L., and Cole R.B. Analysis of tamoxifen and its metabolites by online capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry employing nonaqueous media containing surfactants. Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 668-674
228. Sanders J.M., and Cunningham M.L. Determination of tamoxifen and metabolites in mouse fetal tissue using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 502-505
229. Senior J., Rolland D., Tolson D., Chantzis S., and De Biasi V. The analysis of basic and acidic compounds using non-aqueous CE and non-aqueous CE-MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 22 (2000) 413-421
230. Cherkaoui S., Rudaz S., and Veuthey J.L. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for separation of venlafaxine and its phase I metabolites. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 491-496
231. Mol R., Kragt E., Jimidar I., de Jong G.J., and Somsen G.W. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the identification of drug impurities. J. Chromatogr. B 843 (2006) 283-288
232. Somsen G.W., Mol R., and Jong G.J. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry: combining the supposedly incompatible. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 384 (2006) 31-33
233. Petersson P., Jornten-Karlsson M., and Stalebro M. Direct coupling of micellar electrokinetic chromatography to mass spectrometry using a volatile buffer system based on perfluorooctanoic acid and ammonia. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 999-1007
234. Stubberud K., Callmer K., and Westerlund D. Partial filling-micellar electrokinetic chromatography optimization studies of ibuprofen, codeine and degradation products, and coupling to mass spectrometry: part II. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 1008-1016
235. Stubberud K., Forsberg A., Callmer K., and Westerlund D. Partial filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography optimization studies of ibuprofen, codeine and degradation products, and coupling to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 572-577
236. Frommberger M., Schmitt-Kopplin P., Menzinger F., Albrecht V., Schmid M., Eberl L., Hartmann A., and Kettrup A. Analysis of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones produced by Burkholderia cepacia with partial filling micellar electrokinetic chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3067-3074
237. Suomi J., Wiedmer S.K., Jussila M., and Riekkola M.L. Analysis of eleven iridoid glycosides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) and screening of plant samples by partial filling (MECC)-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 970 (2002) 287-296
238. Amundsen L.K., Kokkonen J.T., Rovio S., and Siren H. Analysis of anabolic steroids by partial filling micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1040 (2004) 123-131
239. Wiedmer S.K., Jussila M., and Riekkola M.L. On-line partial filling micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry of corticosteroids. Electrophoresis 19 (1998) 1711-1718
240. Koezuka K., Ozaki H., Matsubara N., and Terabe S. Separation and detection of closely related peptides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using the partial filling technique. J. Chromatogr. B 689 (1997) 3-11
241. Otsuka K., and Terabe S. Recent developments in MEKC-MS. Analusis 26 (1998) M44-M47
242. Yang L., and Lee C.S. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 780 (1997) 207-218
243. Takada Y., Sakairi M., and Koizumi H. Atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization interface for capillary electrophoresis mass-spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 1474-1476
244. Shamsi S.A. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry using a polymerized chiral surfactant. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 5103-5108
245. Jinno K., and Sawada H. Open-Tubular capillary electrochromatography. Bunseki Kagaku 48 (1999) 957-971
246. Kapnissi-Christodoulou C.P., Zhu X., and Warner I.M. Analytical separations in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3917-3934
247. Tang Q., and Lee M.L. Column technology for capillary electrochromatography. Trends Anal. Chem. 19 (2000) 648-663
248. Knox J.H., and Grant I.H. Electrochromatography in packed tubes using 1.5 to 50 mm silica gels and ODS bonded silica gels. Chromatographia 32 (1991) 317-328
249. Rapp E., and Bayer E. Improved column preparation and performance in capillary electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 887 (2000) 367-378
250. Verheij E.R., Tjaden U.R., Niessen W.M.A., and Van der Greef J. Pseudo-electrochromatography-mass spectrometry: a new alternative. J. Chromatogr. 554 (1991) 339-349
251. Gordon D.B., Lord G.A., and Jones D.S. Development of packed capillary column electrochromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid. Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 8 (1994) 544-548
252. Jarvis S.A., Bateman R.H., Carruthers R., Doorbar P., and Green M. A new atmospheric pressure ionization orthogonal acceleration time of flight mass spectrometer. Adv. Mass Spectrom. 14 (1998) B044120/1-B044120/7
253. Choudhary G., Apffel A., Yin H., and Hancock W. Use of on-line mass spectrometric detection in capillary electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 887 (2000) 85-101
254. Lane S.J., Boughtflower R., Paterson C., and Underwood T. Capillary electrochromatography/mass spectrometry: principles and potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 9 (1995) 1283-1287
255. Taylor M.R., Teale P., Westwood S.A., and Perrett D. Analysis of corticosteroids in biofluids by capillary electrochromatography with gradient elution. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 2554-2558
256. Spikmans V., Lane S.J., Tjaden U.R., and Van der Greef J. Automated capillary electrochromatography tandem mass spectrometry using mixed mode reversed-phase ion-exchange chromatography columns. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 141-149
257. Ding J., Barlow T., Dipple A., and Vouros P. Separation and identification of positively charged and neutral nucleoside adducts by capillary electrochromatography-microelectrospray mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9 (1998) 823-829
258. Ding J.M., and Vouros P. Capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of DNA adduct mixtures. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 379-384
259. Lord G.A., Gordon D.B., Myers P., and King B.W. Tapers and restrictors for capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrochromatography mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 768 (1997) 9-16
260. Boughtflower R.J., Paterson C.J., and Knox J.H. Control of dispersion in capillary electrochromatography coupled to UV and mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 887 (2000) 409-420
261. Rathore A.S., and Horvath C. Axial nonuniformities and flow in columns for capillary electrochromatography. Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 3069-3077
262. Klampfl C.W. Review coupling of capillary electrochromatography to mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1044 (2004) 131-144
263. Barcelo-Barrachina E., Moyano E., and Galceran M.T. State-of-the-art of the hyphenation of capillary electrochromatography with mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 1927-1948
264. Cherkaoui S., Cahours X., and Veuthey J.L. Analysis of selected withanolides in plant extract by capillary electrochromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 336-342
265. Von Brocke A., Wistuba D., Gfrorer P., Stahl M., Schurig V., and Bayer E. On-line coupling of packed capillary electrochromatography with coordination ion spray-mass spectrometry for the separation of enantiomers. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 2963-2972
266. Rentel C., Gfrorer P., and Bayer E. Coupling of capillary electrochromatography to coordination ion spray mass spectrometry, a novel detection method. Electrophoresis 20 (1999) 2329-2336
267. Huang P., Jin X., Chen Y., Srinivasan J.R., and Lubman D.M. Use of a mixed-mode packing and voltage tuning for peptide mixture separation in pressurized capillary electrochromatography with an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer detector. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 1786-1791
268. Schmeer K., Behnke B., and Bayer E. Capillary electrochromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry: a microanalysis technique. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 3656-3658
269. Lord G.A., Gordon D.B., Tetler L.W., and Carr C.M. Electrochromatography electrospray mass spectrometry of textile dyes. J. Chromatogr. A 700 (1995) 27-33
270. Wu J.T., Huang P.Q., Li M.X., Qian M.G., and Lubman D.M. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with an on-line ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass detector for ultrafast peptide mixture analysis. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 320-326
271. Kamande M.W., Fletcher K.A., Lowry M., and Warner I.M. Capillary electrochromatography using polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings. J. Sep. Sci. 28 (2005) 710-718
272. Warriner R.N., Craze A.S., Games D.E., and Lane S.J. Capillary electrochromatography/mass spectrometry: a comparison of the sensitivity of nanospray and microspray ionization techniques. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12 (1998) 1143-1149
273. Cahours X., Cherkaoui S., Rozing G., and Veuthey J.L. Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography versus capillary electrochromatography-UV-mass spectrometry for the analysis of flunitrazepam and its major metabolites. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 2320-2326
274. Paterson C.J., Boughtflower R.J., Higton D., and Palmer E. An investigation into the application of capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry (CEC-MS) for the analysis and quantification of a potential drug candidate in extracted plasma. Chromatographia 46 (1997) 599-604
275. Zhu X., Kamande M.W., Thiam S., Kapnissi C.P., Mwongela S.M., and Warner I.M. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry using polymeric surfactant as a stationary phase coating. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 562-568
276. Kato M., Onda Y., Sakai-Kato K., and Toyo'oka T. Simultaneous analysis of cationic, anionic, and neutral compounds using monolithic CEC columns. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 386 (2006) 572-577
277. Que A.H., and Novotny M.V. Separation of neutral saccharide mixtures with capillary electrochromatography using hydrophilic monolithic columns. Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 5184-5191
278. Que A.H., Mechref Y., Huang Y., Taraszka J.A., Clemmer D.E., and Novotny M.V. Coupling capillary electrochromatography with electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometry for characterizing complex oligosaccharide pools. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 1684-1690
279. Fanali S., Catarcini P., Blaschke G., and Chankvetadze B. Enantioseparations by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 22 (2001) 3131-3151
280. Kang J., Wistuba D., and Schurig V. Recent progress in enantiomeric separation by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 4005-4021
281. Mayer S., and Schurig V. Enantiomer separation by electrochromatography on capillaries coated with Chirasil-Dex. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 15 (1992) 129-131
282. Francotte E., and Jung M. Enantiomer separation by open-tubular LC and electrochromatography in cellulose-coated capillaries. Chromatographia 42 (1996) 521-527
283. Vindevogel J., and Sandra P. On the possibility of performing chiral wall-coated open-tubular electrochromatography in 50 μm internal diameter capillaries. Electrophoresis 15 (1994) 842-847
284. Li S., and Lloyd D.K. Direct chiral separations by capillary electrophoresis using capillaries packed with an alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein chiral stationary phase. Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 3684-3690
285. Lelièvre F., Yan C., Zare R.N., and Gareil P. Capillary electrochromatography: operating characteristics and enantiomeric separations. J. Chromatogr. A 723 (1996) 145-156
286. Zheng J., and Shamsi S.A. Combination of chiral capillary electrochromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: method development and assay of warfarin enantiomers in human plasma. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 6295-6305
287. Zheng J., Norton D., and Shamsi S.A. Fabrication of internally tapered capillaries for capillary electrochromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 1323-1330
288. Zheng J., and Shamsi S.A. Simultaneous enantioseparation and sensitive detection of eight β-blockers using capillary electrochromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2139-2151
289. Schurig V., and Mayer S. Separation of enantiomers by open capillary electrochromatography on polysiloxane-bonded permethyl-β-cyclodextrin. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 48 (2001) 117-141
290. Kamande M.W., Zhu X., Kapnissi-Christodoulou C., and Warner I.M. Chiral separations using a polypeptide and polymeric dipeptide surfactant polyelectrolyte multilayer coating in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 6681-6692
291. Heinig K., and Henion J. Determination of carnitine and acylcarnitines in biological samples by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 735 (1999) 171-188
292. Qin W., and Li S.F.Y. An ionic liquid coating for determination of sildenafil and UK-103,320 in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis-ion trap mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 4110-4116
293. Soga T., Kakazu Y., Robert M., Tomita M., and Nishioka T. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 1964-1972
294. Chapuzet E., Mercier N., Bervoas-Martin S., Boulanger B., Chevalier P., Chiap P., Grandjean D., Hubert P., Lagorce P., Lallier M., Laparra M.C., Laurentie M., and Nivet J.C. Chromatographic methods for analysis in biological media: validation strategy. Report of an SFSTP commission. STP Pharma Pratiques 7 (1997) 169-175
295. Chapuzet E., Mercier N., Bervoas-Martin S., Boulanger B., Chevalier P., Chiap P., Grandjean D., Hubert P., Lagorce P., Lallier M., Laparra M.C., Laurentie M., and Nivet J.C. Chromatographic determination methods in biological media. An example of the application of the validation strategy. Report of an SFSTP commission. STP Pharma Pratiques 8 (1998) 81-88
296. Hubert P., Nguyen-Huu J.J., Boulanger B., Chapuzet E., Cohen N., Compagnon P.A., Dewe W., Feinberg M., Laurentie M., Mercier N., Muzard G., and Valat L. Quantitative analytical procedures validation: harmonization of the approaches. Part III. Examples of application. STP Pharma Pratiques 16 (2006) 87-121
297. Hubert P., Chiap P., Crommen J., Boulanger B., Chapuzet E., Mercier N., Bervoas-Martin S., Chevalier P., Grandjean D., Lagorce P., Lallier M., Laparra M.C., Laurentie M., and Nivet J.C. The SFSTP guide on the validation of chromatographic methods for drug bioanalysis: from the Washington Conference to the laboratory. Anal. Chim. Acta 391 (1999) 135-148
298. Hubert P., Nguyen-Huu J.J., Boulanger B., Chapuzet E., Chiap P., Cohen N., Compagnon P.A., Dewe W., Feinberg M., Lallier M., Laurentie M., Mercier N., Muzard G., Nivet C., and Valat L. Harmonization of strategies for the validation of quantitative analytical procedures. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 36 (2004) 579-586
299. Geiser L., Rudaz S., and Veuthey J.L. Validation of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of a pharmaceutical formulation. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3049-3056
300. McClean S., O'Kane E.J., and Smyth W.F. The identification and determination of selected 1,4-benzodiazepines by an optimized capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometric method. Electrophoresis 21 (2000) 1381-1389
301. Souverain S., Rudaz S., and Veuthey J.L. Matrix effect in LC-ESI-MS and LC-APCI-MS with off-line and on-line extraction procedures. J. Chromatogr. A 1058 (2004) 61-66
302. Muller C., Schafer P., Stortzel M., Vogt S., and Weinmann W. Ion suppression effects in liquid chromatography-electrospray-ionization transport-region collision induced dissociation mass spectrometry with different serum extraction methods for systematic toxicological analysis with mass spectra libraries. J. Chromatogr. B 773 (2002) 47-52
303. Jemal M., Schuster A., and Whigan D.B. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantitation of mevalonic acid in human plasma and urine: method validation, demonstration of using a surrogate analyte, and demonstration of unacceptable matrix effect in spite of use of a stable isotope analog internal standard. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 1723-1734
304. Dams R., Huestis M.A., Lambert W.E., and Murphy C.M. Matrix effect in bio-analysis of illicit drugs with LC-MS/MS: influence of ionization type, sample preparation, and biofluid. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14 (2003) 1290-1294
305. Bonfiglio R., King R.C., Olah T.V., and Merkle K. The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 1175-1185
306. Liu R.H., Lin D.L., Chang W.T., Liu C., Tsay W.I., Li J.H., and Kuo T.L. Issues to address when isotopically labeled analogues of analytes are used as internal standards. Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 618A-626A
307. Ohnesorge J., Saenger-van de Griend C., and Waetzig H. Quantification in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: long- and short-term variance components and their compensation using internal standards. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 2360-2375
308. Nunez O., Moyano E., and Galceran M.T. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of quaternary ammonium herbicides. J. Chromatogr. A 974 (2002) 243-255
309. Ohnesorge J., Neusuess C., and Waetzig H. Quantitation in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 3973-3987
310. Schepers U., Ermer J., Preu L., and Waetzig H. Wide concentration range investigation of recovery, precision and error structure in liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 810 (2004) 111-118
311. Albert R., and Horwitz W. A heuristic derivation of the Horwitz curve. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 789-790
312. Manz A., Graber N., and Widmer H.M. Miniaturized total chemical analysis systems: a novel concept for chemical sensing. Sens. Actuators B Chem. B1 (1990) 244-248
313. Lion, N., Reymond, F., Girault, H. H., and Rossier, J. S. (2003). Why the move to microfluidics for protein analysis? Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 15, 31-37.
314. Tan A., Benetton S., and Henion J.D. Chip-based solid-phase extraction pretreatment for direct electrospray mass spectrometry analysis using an array of monolithic columns in a polymeric substrate. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 5504-5511
315. Bergkvist J., Ekstrom S., Wallman L., Lofgren M., Marko-Varga G., Nilsson J., and Laurell T. Improved chip design for integrated solid-phase microextraction in on-line proteomic sample preparation. Proteomics 2 (2002) 422-429
316. Yu C., Davey M.H., Svec F., and Frechet J.M.J. Monolithic porous polymer for on-chip solid-phase extraction and preconcentration prepared by photoinitiated in situ polymerization within a microfluidic device. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 5088-5096
317. Jin L.J., Ferrance J., Sanders J.C., and Landers J.P. A microchip-based proteolytic digestion system driven by electroosmotic pumping. Lab Chip 3 (2003) 11-18
318. Lazar I.M., Ramsey R.S., and Ramsey J.M. On-chip proteolytic digestion and analysis using "wrong-way-round" electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 1733-1739
319. Gao J., Xu J., Locascio L.E., and Lee C.S. Integrated microfluidic system enabling protein digestion, peptide separation, and protein identification. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 2648-2655
320. Wang C., Oleschuk R., Ouchen F., Li J., Thibault P., and Harrison D.J. Integration of immobilized trypsin bead beds for protein digestion within a microfluidic chip incorporating capillary electrophoresis separations and an electrospray mass spectrometry interface. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 14 (2000) 1377-1383
321. Le Gac S., Carlier J., Camart J.C., Cren-Olive C., and Rolando C. Monoliths for microfluidic devices in proteomics. J. Chromatogr. B 808 (2004) 3-14
322. Lion N., Gellon J.O., Jensen H., and Girault H.H. On-chip protein sample desalting and preparation for direct coupling with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1003 (2003) 11-19
323. Lion N., Gobry V., Jensen H., Rossier J.S., and Girault H. Integration of a membrane-based desalting step in a microfabricated disposable polymer injector for mass spectrometric protein analysis. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 3583-3588
324. Zhang B., Liu H., Karger B.L., and Foret F. Microfabricated devices for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 3258-3264
325. Jacobson S.C., and Ramsey J.M. Microchip electrophoresis with sample stacking. Electrophoresis 16 (1995) 481-486
326. Liu, S., and Dolnik, V. (2006). Analytical applications on microchips. Separation Methods in Microanalytical Systems. Conference Proceeding.
327. Effenhauser C.S., Bruin G.J.M., and Paulus A. Integrated chip-based capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 18 (1997) 2203-2213
328. Harrison D.J., Glavina P.G., and Manz A. Towards miniaturized electrophoresis and chemical analysis systems on silicon: an alternative to chemical sensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem. B10 (1993) 107-116
329. Harrison D.J., Manz A., Fan Z., Lüdi H., and Widmer H.M. CE and sample injection systems integrated on a planar glass chip. Anal. Chem. 64 (1992) 1926-1932
330. Lazar I.M., Li L., Yang Y., and Karger B.L. Microfluidic device for capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3655-3662
331. Jacobson S.C., Hergenroder R., Koutny L.B., and Ramsey J.M. Open channel electrochromatography on a microchip. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 2369-2373
332. Lazar I.M., Trisiripisal P., and Sarvaiya H.A. Microfluidic liquid chromatography system for proteomic applications and biomarker screening. Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 5513-5524
333. Xu X., Li L., and Weber S.G. Electrochemical and optical detectors for capillary and chip separations. Trends Anal. Chem. 26 (2007) 68-79
334. Kornienko O., Reilly P.T.A., Whitten W.B., and Ramsey J.M. Micro ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 50-53
335. Badman E.R., and Cooks R.G. A parallel miniature cylindrical ion trap array. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 3291-3297
336. Badman E.R., and Cooks R.G. Miniature mass analyzers. J. Mass Spectrom. 35 (2000) 659-671
337. Berkout V.D., Cotter R.J., and Segers D.P. Miniaturized EI/Q/oa TOF mass spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 12 (2001) 641-647
338. Tabert A.M., Griep-Raming J., Guymon A.J., and Cooks R.G. High-throughput miniature cylindrical ion trap array mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 5656-5664
339. Fan Z.H., and Harrison D.J. Micromachining of capillary electrophoresis injectors and separators on glass chips and evaluation of flow at capillary intersections. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 177
340. Jacobson S.C., Moore A.W., and Ramsey J.M. Fused quartz substrates for microchip electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 2059-2063
341. Hobbs, R. M. (2001). Materials for microtechnology. In Proceedings of the Conference on Engineering Materials 2001, September 23-26, 2001, Melbourne, Australia.
342. Martynova L., Locascio L.E., Gaitan M., Kramer G.W., Christensen R.G., and Maccrehan W.A. Fabrication of plastic microfluid channels by imprinting methods. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 4783-4789
343. Becker H., and Gartner C. Polymer microfabrication methods for microfluidic analytical applications. Electrophoresis 21 (2000) 12-26
344. Ziaie B., Baldi A., Lei M., Gu Y., and Siegel R.A. Hard and soft micromachining for BioMEMS: review of techniques and examples of applications in microfluidics and drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv Rev. 56 (2004) 145-172
345. Manz A., Harrison D.J., Verpoorte E.M.J., Fettinger J.C., Paulus A., Luedi H., and Widmer H.M. Planar chips technology for miniaturization and integration of separation techniques into monitoring systems. Capillary electrophoresis on a chip. J. Chromatogr. 593 (1992) 253-258
346. Nakanishi H., Nishimoto T., Kanai M., Abe H., Kuyama H., Yoshida T., and Arai A. Micro-fabrication of quartz microchips for capillary electrophoresis and their analytical performances. Shimadzu Hyoron 56 (1999) 3-9
347. Wang H.Y., Foote R.S., Jacobson S.C., Schneibel J.H., and Ramsey J.M. Low temperature bonding for microfabrication of chemical analysis devices. Sens. Actuators B Chem. B45 (1997) 199-207
348. Ssenyange S., Taylor J., Harrison D.J., and McDermott M.T. A glassy carbon microfluidic device for electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 2393-2397
349. Gobry V., Van Oostrum J., Martinelli M., Rohner T.C., Reymond F., Rossier J.S., and Girault H.H. Microfabricated polymer injector for direct mass spectrometry coupling. Proteomics 2 (2002) 405-412
350. Lippert T. Laser application of polymers. Adv. Polym. Sci. 168 (2004) 51-246
351. Reyna L.G., and Sobehart J.R. Laser ablation of multilayer polymer films. J. Appl. Phys. 76 (1994) 4367-4371
352. Jiang H., Kelch S., and Lendlein A. Polymers move in response to light. Adv. Mater. 18 (2006) 1471-1475
353. Guttmann M., Schulz J., and Saile V. Lithographic fabrication of mold inserts. Adv. Micro Nanosystems 3 (2005) 187-219
354. Garcia C.D., and Henry C.S. Micro-molding for poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips. Methods Mol. Biol. 339 (2006) 27-35
355. Datta P., and Goettert J. Method for polymer hot embossing process development. Microsystem Technol. 13 (2007) 265-270
356. Liu C., Cui D., Cai H., Chen X., and Geng Z. A rigid poly(dimethylsiloxane) sandwich electrophoresis microchip based on thin-casting method. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 2917-2923
357. Forget, L. and Siche, A. (2005). Lamination method and apparatus for manufacturing multilayered products. Patent No. 1537994.
358. 2-plasma activation. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 782-790
359. Duffy D.C., McDonald J.C., Schueller O.J.A., and Whitesides G.M. Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 4974-4984
360. Roman G.T., McDaniel K., and Culbertson C.T. High efficiency micellar electrokinetic chromatography of hydrophobic analytes on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips. Analyst 131 (2006) 194-201
361. Molho J.I., Herr A.E., Mosier B.P., Santiago J.G., Kenny T.W., Brennen R.A., Gordon G.B., and Mohammadi B. Optimization of turn geometries for microchip electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 1350-1360
362. Dou Y.H., Bao N., Xu J.J., and Chen H.Y. A dynamically modified microfluidic poly(dimethylsiloxane) chip with electrochemical detection for biological analysis. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 3558-3566
363. Lin C.H., Lee G.B., Fu L.M., and Chen S.H. Integrated optical-fiber capillary electrophoresis microchips with novel spin-on-glass surface modification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20 (2004) 83-90
364. Ren L., and Li D. Theoretical studies of microfluidic dispensing processes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 254 (2002) 384-395
365. Sinton D., Ren L., and Li D. Visualization and numerical modelling of microfluidic on-chip injection processes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 260 (2003) 431-439
366. Liu B.F., Hisamoto H., and Terabe S. Subsecond separation of cellular flavin coenzymes by microchip capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1021 (2003) 201-207
367. Kato M., Gyoten Y., Sakai-Kato K., and Toyo'oka T. Rapid analysis of amino acids in Japanese green tea by microchip electrophoresis using plastic microchip and fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1013 (2003) 183-189
368. Suzuki S., Ishida Y., Arai A., Nakanishi H., and Honda S. High-speed electrophoretic analysis of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone derivatives of monosaccharides on a quartz microchip with whole-channel UV detection. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3828-3833
369. Wang J., and Chen G. Microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detector for fast measurements of aromatic amino acids. Talanta 60 (2003) 1239-1244
370. Ludwig M., and Belder D. Coated microfluidic devices for improved chiral separations in microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 2481-2486
371. Piehl N., Ludwig M., and Belder D. Subsecond chiral separations on a microchip. Electrophoresis 25 (2004) 3848-3852
372. Sinton D., Ren L., and Li D. A dynamic loading method for controlling on-chip microfluidic sample injection. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 266 (2003) 448-456
373. Xu Z., Nakamura Y., and Hirokawa T. Impact of reservoir potentials on the analyte behavior in microchip electrophoresis: computer simulation and experimental validation for DNA fragments. Electrophoresis 26 (2005) 383-390
374. Broyles B.S., Jacobson S.C., and Ramsey J.M. Sample filtration, concentration, and separation integrated on microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 2761-2767
375. Ramsey J.D., Jacobson S.C., Culbertson C.T., and Ramsey J.M. High-efficiency, two-dimensional separations of protein digests on microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 3758-3764
376. Slentz B.E., Penner N.A., and Regnier F. Sampling BIAS at channel junctions in gated flow injection on chips. Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 4835-4840
377. Ro K.W., Lim K., Kim H., and Hahn J.H. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip for precolumn reaction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography of biogenic amines. Electrophoresis 23 (2002) 1129-1137
378. Liu B.F., Ozaki M., Utsumi Y., Hattori T., and Terabe S. Chemiluminescence detection for a microchip capillary electrophoresis system fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 36-41
379. Shoji S., and Esashi M. Microfabrication and microsensors. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 41 (1993) 21-34
380. Lazar I.M., Grym J., and Foret F. Microfabricated devices: a new sample introduction approach to mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 25 (2006) 573-594
381. Foret F., and Kusy P. Microfluidics for multiplexed MS analysis. Electrophoresis 27 (2006) 4877-4887
382. Limbach P.A., and Meng Z. Integrating micromachined devices with modern mass spectrometry. Analyst 127 (2002) 693-700
383. Li J., Thibault P., Bings N.H., Skinner C.D., Wang C., Colyer C., and Harrison J. Integration of microfabricated devices to capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry using a low dead volume connection: application to rapid analyses of proteolytic digests. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 3036-3045
384. Ramsey R.S., and Ramsey J.M. Generating electrospray from microchip devices using electroosmotic pumping. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 1174-1178
385. Lion N., Gellon J.O., and Girault H.H. Flow-rate characterization of microfabricated polymer microspray emitters. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 18 (2004) 1614-1620
386. Figeys D., Ning Y.B., and Aebersold R. A microfabricated device for rapid protein identification by microelectrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 3153-3160
387. Bings N.H., Wang C., Skinner C.D., Colyer C.L., Thibault P., and Harrison D.J. Microfluidic devices connected to fused-silica capillaries with minimal dead volume. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 3292-3296
388. Li J., Kelly J.F., Chernushevich I., Harrison D.J., and Thibault P. Separation and identification of peptides from gel-isolated membrane proteins using a microfabricated device for combined capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 599-609
389. Lazar I.M., Ramsey R.S., Sundberg S., and Ramsey J.M. Subattomole-sensitivity microchip nanoelectrospray source with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 3627-3631
390. Zhang B., Foret F., and Karger B.L. A microdevice with integrated liquid junction for facile peptide and protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 1015-1022
391. Zhang B., Foret F., and Karger B.L. High-throughput microfabricated CE/ESI-MS: automated sampling from a microwell plate. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 2675-2681
392. Figeys D., and Aebersold R. Nanoflow solvent gradient delivery from a microfabricated device for protein identifications by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 3721-3727
393. Licklider L., Wang X.Q., Desai A., Tai Y.C., and Lee T.D. A micromachined chip-based electrospray source for mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 367-375
394. Schultz G.A., Corso T.N., Prosser S.J., and Zhang S. A fully integrated monolithic microchip electrospray device for mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 4058-4063
395. Griss P., Melin J., Sjoedahl J., Roeraade J., and Stemme G. Development of micromachined hollow tips for protein analysis based on nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Micromech. Microeng. 12 (2002) 682-687
396. Sjodahl J., Melin J., Griss P., Emmer A., Stemme G., and Roeraade J. Characterization of micromachined hollow tips for two-dimensional nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17 (2003) 337-341
397. Arscott S., Le Gac S., and Rolando C. A polysilicon nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry source based on a microfluidic capillary slot. Sens. Actuators B Chem. B106 (2005) 741-749
398. Lion N., Rohner T.C., Dayon L., Arnaud I.L., Damoc E., Youhnovski N., Wu Z.-Y., Roussel C., Josserand J., Jensen H., Rossier J.S., Przybylski M., and Girault H.H. Microfluidic systems in proteomics. Electrophoresis 24 (2003) 3533-3562
399. Figeys D., and Aebersold R. Microfabricated modules for sample handling, sample concentration and flow mixing: application to protein analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. J. Biomech. Eng. 121 (1999) 7-12
400. Figeys D., Gygi S.P., McKinnon G., and Aebersold R. An integrated microfluidics-tandem mass spectrometry system for automated protein analysis. Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 3728-3734
401. Figeys D., Lock C., Taylor L., and Aebersold R. Microfabricated device coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer: protein identifications based on enhanced-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry data. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12 (1998) 1435-1444
402. Xue Q., Foret F., Dunayevskiy Y.M., Zavracky P.M., McGruer N.E., and Karger B.L. Multichannel microchip electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 426-430
403. Jungblut P.R., Zimny-Arndt U., Zeindl-Eberhart E., Stulik J., Koupilova K., Pleissner K.P., Otto A., Muller E.C., Sokolowska-Kohler W., Grabher G., and Stoffler G. Proteomics in human disease. Cancer, heart, and infectious diseases. Electrophoresis 20 (1999) 2100-2110
404. Xue Q., Dunayevskiy Y.M., Foret F., and Karger B.L. Integrated multichannel microchip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: analysis of peptides from on-chip tryptic digestion of melittin. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11 (1997) 1253-1256
405. Xiang F., Lin Y., Wen J., Matson D.W., and Smith R.D. An integrated microfabricated device for dual microdialysis and online ESI-ion trap mass spectrometry for analysis of complex biological samples. Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 1485-1490
406. Kameoka J., Craighead H.G., Zhang H., and Henion J. A polymeric microfluidic chip for CE/MS determination of small molecules. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 1935-1941
407. Deng Y., Zhang H., and Henion J. Chip-based quantitative capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry determination of drugs in human plasma. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 1432-1439
408. Deng Y., Henion J., Li J., Thibault P., Wang C., and Harrison D.J. Chip-based capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry determination of carnitines in human urine. Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 639-646
409. Tachibana Y., Otsuka K., Terabe S., Arai A., Suzuki K., and Nakamura S. Robust and simple interface for microchip electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1011 (2003) 181-192
410. Oleschuk R.D., and Harrison D.J. Analytical microdevices for mass spectrometry. Trends Anal. Chem. 19 (2000) 379-388