Direct Assessment of Size and Shape of Noncircular Vena Contracta Area in Functional Versus Organic Mitral Regurgitation Using Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography

Volumn 21, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 912-921

  Kahlert, Philipp ^a   Plicht, Björn ^a   Schenk, Ingmar M ^a   Janosi, Rolf Alexander ^a   Erbel, Raimund ^a   Buck, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ESSEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Effective regurgitant orifice area; Proximal isovelocity surface area; Real time 3D echocardiography; Vena contracta area; Vena contracta width

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DISEASE SEVERITY; EFFECTIVE REGURGITANT ORIFICE AREA; FEMALE; HEART SIZE; HEMIELLIPTIC PROXIMAL ISOVELOCITY SURFACE AREA METHOD; HEMISPHERIC PROXIMAL ISOVELOCITY SURFACE AREA METHOD; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; REAL TIME ECHOGRAPHY; THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; UNCERTAINTY; VENA CONTRACTA AREA WIDTH;

COMPUTER SYSTEMS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MITRAL VALVE; MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 47649120586     PISSN: 08947317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.02.003     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Iung B., Baron G., Butchart E.G., Delahaye F., Gohlke-Barwolf C., Levang O.W., et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J 24 (2003) 1231-1243
2. Ling L.H., Enriquez-Sarano M., Seward J.B., Tajik A.J., Schaff H.V., Bailey K.R., et al. Clinical outcome of mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. N Engl J Med 335 (1996) 1417-1423
3. Avierinos J.F., Gersh B.J., Melton III L.J., Bailey K.R., Shub C., Nishimura R.A., et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation 106 (2002) 1355-1361
4. Bursi F., Enriquez-Sarano M., Nkomo V.T., Jacobsen S.J., Weston S.A., Meverden R.A., et al. Heart failure and death after myocardial infarction in the community: the emerging role of mitral regurgitation. Circulation 111 (2005) 295-301
5. Grigioni F., Enriquez-Sarano M., Zehr K.J., Bailey K.R., and Tajik A.J. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation 103 (2001) 1759-1764
6. Enriquez-Sarano M. Timing of mitral valve surgery. Heart 87 (2002) 79-85
7. Enriquez-Sarano M., Avierinos J.F., Messika-Zeitoun D., Detaint D., Capps M., Nkomo V., et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 875-883
8. Rosenhek R., Rader F., Klaar U., Gabriel H., Krejc M., Kalbeck D., et al. Outcome of watchful waiting in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Circulation 113 (2006) 2238-2244
9. Zoghbi W.A., Enriquez-Sarano M., Foster E., Grayburn P.A., Kraft C.D., Levine R.A., et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 16 (2003) 777-802
10. Enriquez-Sarano M., Bailey K.R., Seward J.B., Tajik A.J., Krohn M.J., and Mays J.M. Quantitative Doppler assessment of valvular regurgitation. Circulation 87 (1993) 841-848
11. Enriquez-Sarano M., Miller Jr. F.A., Hayes S.N., Bailey K.R., Tajik A.J., and Seward J.B. Effective mitral regurgitant orifice area: clinical use and pitfalls of the proximal isovelocity surface area method. J Am Coll Cardiol 25 (1995) 703-709
12. Vandervoort P.M., Rivera J.M., Mele D., Palacios I.F., Dinsmore R.E., Weyman A.E., et al. Application of color Doppler flow mapping to calculate effective regurgitant orifice area: an in vitro study and initial clinical observations. Circulation 88 (1993) 1150-1156
13. Schwammenthal E., Chen C., Benning E., Block M., Breithardt G., and Levine R.A. Dynamics of mitral regurgitant flow and orifice area: physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method. Circulation 90 (1994) 307-322
14. Utsunomiya T., Ogawa T., Doshi R., Patel D., Quan M., Henry W.L., et al. Doppler color flow "proximal isovelocity surface area": method for estimating volume flow rate: effects of orifice shape and machine factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 17 (1991) 1103-1111
15. Zoghbi W.A., and Quinones M.A. Determination of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography: a critical appraisal. Herz 11 (1986) 258-268
16. Yoganathan A.P., Cape E.G., Sung H.W., Williams F.P., and Jimoh A. Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applications to the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol 12 (1988) 1344-1353
17. Mascherbauer J., Rosenhek R., Bittner B., Binder J., Simon P., Maurer G., et al. Doppler echocardiographic assessment of valvular regurgitation severity by measurement of the vena contracta: an in vitro validation study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18 (2005) 999-1006
18. Baumgartner H., Schima H., and Kuhn P. Value and limitations of proximal jet dimensions for the quantitation of valvular regurgitation: an in vitro study using Doppler flow imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 4 (1991) 57-66
19. Fehske W., Omran H., Manz M., Kohler J., Hagendorff A., and Luderitz B. Color-coded Doppler imaging of the vena contracta as a basis for quantification of pure mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 73 (1994) 268-274
20. Mele D., Vandervoort P.M., Palacios I.F., Rivera J.M., Dinsmore R.E., Schwammenthal E., et al. Proximal jet size by Doppler color flow mapping predicts severity of mitral regurgitation: clinical studies. Circulation 91 (1995) 746-754
21. Hall S.A., Brickner M.E., Willett D.L., Irani W.N., Afridi I., and Grayburn P.A. Assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by Doppler color flow mapping of the vena contracta. Circulation 95 (1997) 636-642
22. Otsuji Y., Handschumacher M.D., Schwammenthal E., Jiang L., Song J.K., Guerrero J.L., et al. Insights from three-dimensional echocardiography into the mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation: direct in vivo demonstration of altered leaflet tethering geometry. Circulation 96 (1997) 1999-2008
23. Tribouilloy C., Shen W.F., Quere J.P., Rey J.L., Choquet D., Dufosse H., et al. Assessment of severity of mitral regurgitation by measuring regurgitant jet width at its origin with transesophageal Doppler color flow imaging. Circulation 85 (1992) 1248-1253
24. Flachskampf F.A., Frieske R., Engelhard B., Grenner H., Frielingsdorf J., Beck F., et al. Comparison of transesophageal Doppler methods with angiography for evaluation of the severity of mitral regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 11 (1998) 882-892
25. Sugeng L., Weinert L., Thiele K., and Lang R.M. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography using a novel matrix array transducer. Echocardiography 20 (2003) 623-635
26. Boltwood C.M., Tei C., Wong M., and Shah P.M. Quantitative echocardiography of the mitral complex in dilated cardiomyopathy: the mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation. Circulation 68 (1983) 498-508
27. Waller B.F., Morrow A.G., Maron B.J., Del Negro A.A., Kent K.M., McGrath F.J., et al. Etiology of clinically isolated, severe, chronic, pure mitral regurgitation: analysis of 97 patients over 30 years of age having mitral valve replacement. Am Heart J 104 2 Pt 1 (1982) 276-288
28. Levine R.A., Stathogiannis E., Newell J.B., Harrigan P., and Weyman A.E. Reconsideration of echocardiographic standards for mitral valve prolapse: lack association between leaflet displacement isolated to the four chamber view and independent echocardiographic evidence of abnormality. J Am Coll Cardiol 11 (1988) 1010-1019
29. Recusani F., Bargiggia G.S., Yoganathan A.P., Raisaro A., Valdez-Cruz L., Sung H.W., et al. A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice: an vitro study. Circulation 83 (1991) 594-604
30. Buck T., Jansen C.H.P., Yoganathan A.P., Levine R.A., and Handschumacher M.D. Hemisphere versus hemiellipse: when is each most accurate for proximal isovelocity calculation of regurgitant flows. J Am Coll Cardiol 31 (1998) 385 (Abstract)
31. Yosefy C., Levine R.A., Solis J., Vaturi M., Handschumacher M.D., and Hung J. Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 20 (2007) 389-396
32. Utsunomiya T., Ogawa T., Tang H.A., Doshi R., Patel D., Quan M., et al. Doppler color flow-mapping of the proximal isovelocity surface area: a new method for measuring volume flow rate across a narrowed orifice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 4 (1991) 338-348
33. Bland J.M., and Altman D.G. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurements. Lancet 1 (1986) 307-310
34. Khanna D., Vengala S., Miller A.P., Nanda N.C., Lloyd S.G., Ahmed S., et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of vena contracta area. Echocardiography 21 (2004) 737-743
35. Iwakura K., Ito H., Kawano S., Okamura A., Kurotobi T., Date M., et al. Comparison of orifice area by transthoracic three-dimensional Doppler echocardiography versus proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method for assessment of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 1630-1637
36. Coisne D., Erwan D., Christiaens L., Blouin P., Allal J., and Barraine R. Quantitative assessment of regurgitant flow with total digital three-dimensional reconstruction of color Doppler flow in the convergent region: in vitro validation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 15 (2002) 233-240
37. Shiota T., Sinclair B., Ishii M., Zhou X., Ge S., Teien D.E., et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of color Doppler flow convergence regions and regurgitant jets: an in vitro quantitative study. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 1511-1518
38. Buck T., Mucci R.A., Guerrero J.L., Holmvang G., Handschumacher M.D., and Levine R.A. The power-velocity integral at the vena contracta-a new method for direct quantification of regurgitant volume flow. Circulation 102 (2000) 1053-1061
39. Fujita N., Chazouilleres A.F., Hartiala J.J., O'Sullivan M., Heidenreich P., Kaplan J.D., et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 23 (1994) 951-958
40. Hundley W.G., Li H.F., Willard J.E., Landau C., Lange R.A., Meshack B.M., et al. Magnetic-resonance-imaging assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation-comparison with invasive techniques. Circulation 92 (1995) 1151-1158
41. Bolger A.F., Eigler N.L., and Maurer G. Quantifying valvular regurgitation: the limitations and inherent assumptions of Doppler techniques. Circulation 87 (1988) 1316-1318
42. Rokey R., Sterling L.L., Zoghbi W.A., Sartori M.P., Limacher M.C., Kuo L.C., et al. Determination of regurgitant fraction in isolated mitral or aortic regurgitation by pulsed Doppler two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 7 (1986) 1273-1278
43. Hopmeyer J., He S., Thorvig K.M., McNeil E., Wilkerson P.W., Levine R.A., et al. Estimation of mitral regurgitation with a hemielliptic curve-fitting algorithm: in vitro experiments with native mitral valves. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 11 (1998) 322-331