Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 109, Issue 7, 2004, Pages

  Wang, Huiqun ^a   Yuan, Yaochu ^a   Guan, Weibing ^a,b   Lou, Ruyun ^a   Wang, Kangshan ^a  

^a Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China   (China)

^b HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Circulation in the SCS during summer; Generalized Topography following model; Numerical modeling

Indexed keywords

NUMERICAL MODEL; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; TOPEX-POSEIDON; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT;

PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

EID: 4744374737     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JC002134     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Beckmann, A., and D. B. Haidvogel (1993), Numerical simulation of flow around a tall isolated seamount, Part I: Problem formulation and model accuracy, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1736-1753.
2. Bell, M. J. (1997), Vortex stretching and bottom torque in the Bryan-Cox ocean circulation model, Appl. T. N. 17, Meteorol. Off., Berkshire, U.K.
3. Blumberg, A. F., and G. L. Mellor (1983), Diagnostic and prognostic numerical circulation studies of the South Atlantic Bight, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4579-4592.
4. Bryden, H. L. (1973), New polynomials for thermal expansion, adiabatic temperature gradient and potential temperature of sea water, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 20, 401-408.
5. Bu, X. W., Y. C. Yuan, and Y. G. Liu (2001), Application of P vector method to the diagnostic calculation of circulation in the South China Sea in summer (in Chinese), Acta Oceanol. Sin., 23(3), 8-16.
6. Cai, S. Q., J. L. Su, Z. J. Gan, and Q. Y. Liu (2002), The numerical study of the South China Sea upper circulation characteristics and its dynamic mechanism in winter, Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 2247-2264.
7. Chern, C. S., and J. Wang (2003), Numerical study of the upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea, J. Oceanogr., 59, 11-24.
8. Ezer, T., and G. L. Mellor (1994), Diagnostic and prognostic calculations of the North Atlantic circulation and sea level using a sigma coordinate ocean model, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,159-14,171.
9. Ezer, T., and G. L. Mellor (2000), Sensitivity studies with the North Atlantic sigma coordinate Princeton Ocean Model, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 32, 185-208.
10. Ezer, T., H. Arango, and A. F. Shchepetkin (2002), Developments in terrain-following ocean models, intercomparisons of numerical aspects, Ocean Modell. 4, pp. 249-267, Hooke Inst. Oxford Univ., Oxford, England.
11. Flather, R. A. (1976), A tidal model of the northwest European continental shelf, Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege, 6(10), 141-164.
12. Garrat, J. R. (1977), Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents, Mon. Weather Rev., 105, 915-929.
13. Gerdes, R. (1993), A primitive equation ocean circulation model using a general vertical coordinate transformation: 1. Description and testing of the model, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,683-14,701.
14. Haney, R. L. (1991), On the pressure gradient force over steep topography in sigma coordinate ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 610-619.
15. Hedstrom, K. S. (1997), User's manual for an S-Coordinate Primitive Equation Ocean Circulation Model (SCRUM) version 3.0, Tech. Rep. 97-10, Inst. of Mar. and Coastal Sci., Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N. J., November.
16. Li, L., W. D. Nowlin Jr., and J. L. Su (1998), Anticyclonic rings from the Kuroshio in the South China Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 1469-1482.
17. Liu, Y. G., Y. C. Yuan, J. L. Su, and J. Z. Jiang (2000), Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998, Chin. Sci. Bull, 45(18), 1648-1655.
18. Marchesiello, P., J. C. McWilliams, and A. Shchepetkin (2001), Open boundary conditions for long-term integration of regional oceanic models, Ocean Modell. 3, pp. 1-20, Hooke Inst. Oxford Univ., Oxford, England.
19. Mellor, G. L. (1998), User's Guide for a Three-Dimensional, Primitive Equation, Numerical Ocean Model, 42 pp., Program in Atmos. Ocean Sci., Princeton Univ., Princeton, N. J.
20. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada (1982), Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Rev. Geophys., 20, 851-875.
21. Mellor, G. L., T. Ezer, and L. Y. Oey (1994), The pressure gradient conundrum of sigma coordinate ocean models, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1126-1134.
22. Mellor, G. L., S. Hakkinen, T. Ezer, and R. Patchen (2002), A generalization of a sigma coordinate ocean model and an intercomparison of model vertical grids, in Ocean Forecasting: Conceptual Basis and Applications, edited by N. Pinardi and J. D. Woods, pp. 55-72, Springer-Verlag, New York.
23. Metzger, E. J., and H. Hurlburt (1996), Coupled dynamics of the South China Sea, the Sulu Sea, and the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,331-12,352.
24. Metzger, E. J., and H. Hurlburt (2001), The nondeterministic nature of Kuroshio penetration and eddy shedding in the South China Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1712-1732.
25. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1986), ETOPO 5 digital relief of the surface of the Earth, Data Announce. 86-MGG-07, Natl. Geophys. Cent., Washington, D. C.
26. Pietrzak, J., J. B. Jacobson, H. Burchard, H. J. Vested, and O. Petersen (2002), A three-dimensional hydrostatic model for coastal and ocean modelling using a generalised topography following co-ordinate system, Ocean Modell. 4, pp. 173-205, Hooke Inst. Oxford Univ., Oxford, England.
27. Sarkisyan, A. S., and Y. L. Demin (1983), A semidiagnostic method of sea currents calculation, in Large Scale Oceanographic Experiments in the World Climate Research Programme, pp. 201-214, World Clim. Res. Programme, Tokyo.
28. Shaji, C., N. Bahulayan, S. K. Dube, and A. D. Rao (1997), A semi-diagnostic calculation of climatic circulation in the western Indian Ocean, Indian J. Mar. Sci., 26(3), 241-249.
29. Shaw, P. T., and S. Y. Chao (1994), Surface circulation in the South China Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 41, 1663-1683.
30. Smagorinsky, J., S. Manabe, and J. L. Holloway (1965), Numerical results from a nine-level general circulation model of the atmosphere, Mon. Weather Rev., 93, 727-768.
31. Song, Y. T., and D. Haidvogel (1994), A Semi-implicit ocean circulation model using a generalized topography-following coordinate system, J. Comput. Phys., 115, 228-244.
32. Song, Y. T., and D. G. Wright (1998), A general pressure gradient formulation for ocean models. Part II: Energy, momentum, and bottom torque consistency, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 3231-3247.
33. Spall, M. A., and A. R. Robinson (1990), Regional primitive equation studies of the Gulf Stream meander and ring formation region, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 985-1016.
34. Su, J. L. (1998), Circulation dynamics of the China seas: North of 18*N, in The Sea, vol. 11, The Global Coastal Ocean: Regional Studies and Syntheses, edited by A. R. Robinson and K. Brink, pp. 483-506, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
35. Takano, K., A. Harashima, and T. Namba (1998), A numerical simulation of the circulation in the South China Sea-Preliminary results, Acta Oceanogr. Taiwan., 37(2), 165-186.
36. Wang, G. H., J. L. Su, and P. C. Chu (2003), Mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea observed with altimeter data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(21 , 2121, doi:10.1029/2003GL018532.
37. Wang, H. Q., and Y. C. Yuan (2001), Three dimensional diagnostic, semi-diagnostic and prognostic calculations of current in the East China Sea in April of 1994, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 20(1), 15-28.
38. Winton, M., R. Hallberg, and A. Gnanadesikan (1998), Simulation of density-driven frictional downslope flow in z-coordinate ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 2163-2174.
39. Wunsch, C. (1978), The North Atlantic general circulation west of 50 W determined by inverse methods, Rev. Geophys., 16, 583-620.
40. Wyrtki, K. (1961), NAGA report volume 2: Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 1959-1961, Tech. Rep. 2, 195 pp., Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., San Diego, Calif.
41. Yamagata, T. (2001a), The circulation and mechanism in the South China Sea (I) (in Japanese), Ocean Dev. News, 29(4), 2-8.
42. Yamagata, T. (2001b), The circulation and mechanism in the South China Sea (II) (in Japanese), Ocean Dev. News, 29(5), 25-30.
43. Yuan, Y. C., J. L. Su, and Z. Q. Pan (1992), Volume and heat transports of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1989, Mer, 30, 251-262.
44. Yuan, Y. C., J. P. Zhao, H. Q. Wang, R. Y. Lou, H. Chen, and K. S. Wang (2002), Current measurements and spectral analyses in the upper 450 m and deep layers of the northeastern South China Sea, Sci. Chin., Ser. D, 45(11), 1008-1027.
45. Yuan, Y. C., Y. G. Liu, R. Y. Lou, J. L. Su, and K. S. Wang (2004a), Calculation of circulation in the South China Sea during summer of 2000 by the modified inverse method (in Chinese), Acta Oceanol. Sin., 26(1), 1-13.
46. Yuan Y. C., X. W. Bu, G. H. Liao, R. Y. Lou, J. L. Su, and K. S. Wang (2004b), Diagnostic calculation of upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea during the winter of 1998, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 23(2), 187-199.