Neoproterozoic-early Palaeozoic tectonostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the peri-Gondwanan terranes: Amazonianv. West African connections

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 297, Issue , 2008, Pages 345-383

  Nance, R Damian ^a   Murphy, J Brendan ^b   Strachan, Rob A ^c   Keppie, J Duncan ^d   Gutiérrez Alonso, Gabriel ^e   Fernández Suárez, Javier ^f   Quesada, Cecilio ^g   Linnemann, Ulf ^h   D'Lemos, Richard ⁱ   Pisarevsky, Sergei A ^j  

^a OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^g INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA   (Spain)

^h SENCKENBERG DEUTSCHES ENTOMOLOGISCHES INSTITUT   (Germany)

ⁱ University of Western Australia ^*  (United Kingdom)

^j UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAMBRIAN; GONDWANA; MAGMATISM; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PALEOZOIC; PROTEROZOIC; PROVENANCE; RODINIA; TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY; TERRANE;

AFRICA; EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTH AMERICA; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 47349084673     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/SP297.17     Document Type: Article

References (336)

1. ALLÈGRE, C. J. & BEN OTHMAN, D. 1980. Nd-Sr isotopic relationship in granitoid rocks and continental crust development: a chemical approach to orogenesis. Nature, 286, 335-342.
2. ÁLVARO, J. J., ELICKI, O., GEYER, G., RUSHTON, A. W. A. & SHERGOLD, J. H. 2003. Palaeogeographical controls on the Cambrian trilobite immigration and evolutionary patterns reported in the western Gondwanan margin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 195, 5-35.
3. BALLARD, M. M., VAN DER VOO, R. & URRUTIA-FUCUGAUCHI, J. 1989. Paleomagnetic results from Grenvillian-aged rocks from Oaxaca, Mexico: evidence for a displaced terrane. Precambrian Research, 42, 343-352.
4. BANDRES, A., EGUÍLUZ, L., GIL IBARGUCHI, J. I. & PALACIOS, T. 2002. Geodynamic evolution of a Cadomian arc region: the northern Ossa-Morena zone, Iberian massif. Tectonophysics, 352, 105-120.
5. BARKER, C., SECOR, D. T., JR., PRAY, J. & WRIGHT, J. 1998. Age and deformation of the Longtown metagranite, South Carolina Piedmont: A possible constraint on the origin of the Carolina terrane. Journal of Geology, 106, 713-725.
6. BARR, S. M. & HEGNER, E. 1992. Nd isotopic composition of felsic igneous rocks in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 650-657.
7. BARR, S. M., DUNNING, G. R., RAESIDE, R. P. & JAMIESON, R. A. 1990. Contrasting U-Pb ages from plutons in the Bras d'Or and Mira terranes of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 27, 1200-1208.
8. BARR, S. M., BEVIER, M. L., WHITE, C. E. & DOIG, R., 1994. Magmatic history of the Avalon terrane in southern New Brunswick, Canada, based on U-Pb (zircon) geochronology. Journal of Geology, 102, 399-409.
9. BARR, S. M., RAESIDE, R. P. & WHITE, C. E. 1998. Geological correlations between Cape Breton Island and Newfoundland, northern Appalachian Orogen. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 35, 1252-1270.
10. BARR, S. M., WHITE, C. E. & MILLER, B. V. 2002. The Kingston Terrane, southern New Brunswick, Canada: evidence for an Early Silurian volcanic arc. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114, 964-982.
11. BARR, S. M., DAVIS, D. W., KAMO, S. & WHITE, C. E. 2003a. Significance of U-Pb detrital zircon ages in quartzite from peri-Gondwanan terranes, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. Precambrian Research, 126, 123-145.
12. BARR, S. M., WHITE, C. E. & MILLER, B. V. 2003b. Age and geochemistry of Late Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian igneous rocks in southern New Brunswick: similarities and contrasts. Atlantic Geology, 39, 55-73.
13. BARTHOLOMEW, M. J. & TOLLO, R. P. 2004. Northern ancestry for the Goochland terrane as a displaced fragment of Laurentia. Geology, 32, 669-672.
14. BEVIER, M. L. & BARR, S.M. 1990. U-Pb age constraints on the stratigraphy and tectonic history of the Avalon terrane, New Brunswick, Canada. Journal of Geology, 98, 53-63.
15. BEVIER, M. L., WHITE, C. E. & BARR, S. M. 1990. Late Precambrian U-Pb ages for the Brookville Gneiss, southern New Brunswick. Journal of Geology, 98, 955-965.
16. BEVIER, M. L., BARR, S. M., WHITE, C. E. & MACDONALD, A. S. 1993. U-Pb geochronologic constraints on the volcanic evolution of the Mira (Avalon) terrane, southeastern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 1-10.
17. BLASBAND, B., WHITE, S., BROOIJMANS, P., DE BOORDER, H. & VISSER, W. 2000. Late Proterozoic extensional collapse in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 615-628.
18. BOHER, M., ABOUCHAMI, W., MICHARD, A. N., ALBARÈDE, F. & ARNDT, N. 1992. Crustal growth in West Africa at 2.1 Ga. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 345-369.
19. BOUCOT, A. J., BLODGETT, R. B. & STEWART, J. H. 1997. European Province Late Silurian brachiopods from the Ciudad Victoria area, Tamaulipas, northeastern Mexico. In: KLAPPER, G., MURPHY, M. A. & TALENT, J. A. (eds) Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, and Biogeography: Studies in Honor of J. Grenville (Jess') Johnson. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 321, 273-293.
20. BROWN, M., POWER, G. M., TOPLEY, C. G. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 1990. Cadomian magmatism in the North Armorican Massif. In: D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51, 181-213.
21. BUSCHMANN, B. 1995. Geotectonic facies analysis of the Rothstein Formation (Neoproterozoic, Saxothuringian Zone, Germany). PhD thesis, TU Bergakademie Freiburg.
22. BUSCHMANN, B., ELICKI, O. & JONAS, P. 2006. The Cadomian unconformity in the Saxo-Thuringian Zone, Germany: Palaeogeographic affinities of Ediacaran (terminal Neoproterozoic) and Cambrian strata. Precambrian Research, 147, 387-403.
23. CAMERON, K. L., LOPEZ, R., ORTEGA-GUTIÉRREZ, F., SOLARI, L. A., KEPPIE, J. D. & SCHULZE, C. 2004. U-Pb constraints and Ph isotopic compositions of leached feldspars: Constraints on the origin and evolution of Grenvillian rocks from eastern and southern Mexico. In: TOLLO, R. P., CORRIVEAU, L., MCLELLAND, J. & BARTHOLOMEW, M. J. (eds) Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America. Geological Society of America, Memoirs, 197, 755-770.
24. CANDEN, O., DORA, O. Ö, OBERHÄNSLI, R., CTINKAPLAN, M., PARTZSCH, J. H., WARKUS, F. C. & DÜRR, S. 2000. Pan-African high-pressure metamorphism in the Precambrian basement of the Menderes Massif, western Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 89, 793-811.
25. CAWOOD, P. A. & PISAREVSKY, S. A. 2006. Was Baltica right-way-up or upside-down in the Neoproterozoic? Journal of the Geological Society, London, 163, 753-759.
26. CAWOOD, P. A., MCCAUSLAND, P. J. A. & DUNNING, G. R. 2001. Opening Iapetus: constraints from the Laurentian margin of Newfoundland. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113, 443-453.
27. CHANTRAINE, J., AUVRAY, B., BRUN, J. P., CHAUVEL, J. J. & RABU, D. 1994. The Cadomian Orogeny in the Armorican Massif. In: KEPPIE, J. D. (ed.) Pre-Mesozoic Geology in France and Related Areas. Springer, Berlin, 75-128.
28. CHEN, F., SIEBEL, W., SATIR, M., TERZIOLU, N. & SAKA, K. 2002. Geochronology of the Karadere basement (NW Turkey) and implications for the geological evolution of the Istanbul zone. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 91, 469-481.
29. CLARKE, D. B., MACDONALD, M. A. & TATE, M. C. 1997. Late Devonian mafic-felsic magmatism in the Meguma Zone, Nova Scotia. In: SINHA, A.K., WHALEN, J. B. & HOGAN, J. P. (eds) The Nature of Magmatism in the Appalachian Orogen. Geological Society of America, Memoirs, 191, 107-127.
30. COCHERIE, A., CHANTRAINE, J., FANNING, C. M., DABARD, M. -P., PARIS, F., LE HÉRISSE, A. & EGAL, E. 2001. Datation U-Pb: âge Briovériaen de la série d'Erquy (Massif armoricain, France). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 333, 427-434.
31. COCKS, L. R. M. 2000. The Early Paleozoic geography of Europe. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 1-10.
32. COCKS, L. R. M. & FORTEY, R. A. 1988. Lower Paleozoic facies and faunas around Gondwana. In: AUDLEY-CHARLES, M. G. & HALLAM, A. (eds) Gondwana and Tethys. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 37, 183-200.
33. COCKS, L. R. M. & FORTEY, R. A. 1990. Biogeography of Ordovician and Silurian faunas. In: McKERROW, W. S. & SCOTESE, C. R. (eds) Paleazoic Paleogeography and Biogeography. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 12, 97-104.
34. COMPSTON, W., WRIGHT, A. E. & TOGHILL, P. 2002. Dating the Late Precambrian volcanicity of England and Wales. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 159, 323-339.
35. COWIE, J. R. 1974. The Cambrian of Spitzbergen and Scotland. In: HOLLAND, C. H. (ed.) Cambrian of the British Isles, Norden and Spitzbergen: Lower Paleozoic Rocks of the World, Vol. 2. Wiley, Chichester, 123-156.
36. 39Ar age of shear zones in the southwest Meguma Zone between Yarmouth and Meteghan, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 34, 848-853.
37. CURRIE, K. L. & MCNICOLL, V. J. 1999. New data on the age and geographic distribution of Neoproterozoic plutons near Saint John, New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology, 35, 157-166.
38. DALLMEYER, R. D. 1989. Contrasting accreted terranes in the southern Appalachian orogen, basement beneath the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, and West African orogens. Precambrian Research, 42, 387-409.
39. 39Ar mineral ages. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 1242-1254.
40. 39Ar mineral ages from late Precambrian-Cambrian plutons, Avalon composite terrane, southern New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 2445-2462.
41. 39Ar whole-rock phyllite ages from late Precambrian rocks of the Avalon composite terrane, New Brunswick: evidence of Silurian-Devonian thermal rejuvenation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 818-824.
42. 39Ar mineral ages. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 762-773.
43. DALZIEL, I. A. D. 1991. Pacific margins of Laurentia and East Antarctica-Australia as a conjugate rift pair; evidence and implications for an Eocambrian supercontinent. Geology, 19, 598-601.
44. DALZIEL, I. A. D. 1992. On the organization of American plates in the Neoproterozoic and the breakout of Laurentia. GSA Today, 2, 238-241.
45. DALZIEL, I. W. D. 1994. Precambrian Scotland as a Laurentia-Gondwana link; origin and significance of cratonic promontories. Geology, 22, 589-592.
46. DALZIEL, I. W. D. 1997. Overview: Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geography and tectonics: review, hypotheses and environmental speculations. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109, 16-42.
47. DALZIEL, I. W. D., MOSHER, S. & GAHAGAN, L. M. 2000. Laurentia-Kalahari collision and the assembly of Rodinia. Journal of Geology, 108, 499-513.
48. DENNIS, E. & DABARD, M. P. 1988. Sandstone petrography and geochemistry of late Proterozoic sediments of the Armorican Massif (France) - a key to basin development during the Cadomian Orogeny. Precambrian Research, 42, 189-206.
49. DENNIS, A. & SHERVAIS, J. 1991. Arc rifting of the Carolina terrane in northwestern South Carolina. Geology, 19, 226-229.
50. DENNIS, A. & SHERVAIS, J. 1996. The Carolina terrane in northwestern South Carolina: Insights into the development of an evolving island arc. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society America Special Papers, 304, 237-256.
51. DENNIS, A. & WRIGHT, J. E. 1997. The Carolina terrane in northwestern South Carolina: age of deformation and metamorphism in an exotic arc. Tectonics, 16, 460-473.
52. DENNIS, A. J., SHERVAIS, J. W., MAULDIN, J., MAHER, H. D., JR & WRIGHT, J. E. 2004. Petrology and geochemistry of Neoproterozoic volcanic arc terranes beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 116, 572-593.
53. DEWIT, M. J., BOWRING, S., DUDAS, F. & KAMGA, G. 2005. The great Neoproterozoic Central Saharan arc and the amalgamation of the North African Shield. GAC-MAC-CSPG-CSSS Joint Meeting, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Abstracts, 30, 42-43.
54. DEYNOUX, M., AFFATON, P., TROMPETTE, R. & VILLENEUVE, M. 2006. Pan-African tectonic evolution and glacial events registered in Neoproterozoic to Cambrian cratonic and foreland basins of West Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 46, 397-426.
55. DÍAZ GARCÍA, F. 2006. Geometry and regional significance of Neoproterozoic (Cadomian) structures of the Narcea. Antiform, NW Spain. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 163, 499-508.
56. DICKINSON, W. R. & LAWTON, T. F. 2001. Carboniferous to Cretaceous assembly and fragmentation of Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113, 1142-1160.
57. D'LEMOS, R. S. & BROWN, M. 1993. Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of late Cadomian granite magmatism in northern France and the Channel Islands. Geological Magazine, 130, 797-804.
58. D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) 1990. The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51.
59. D'LEMOS, R. S., BROWN, M. & STRACHAN, R. A. 1992. Granite magma generation, ascent and emplacement within a transpressional orogen. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149, 487-490.
60. D'LEMOS, R. S., MILLER, B. V. & SAMSON, S. D. 2001. Precise U-Pb zircon ages from Alderney, Channel Islands: growing evidence for discrete Neoproterozoic magmatic episodes in northern Cadomia. Geological Magazine, 138, 719-726.
61. D'LEMOS, R.S., INGLIS, J. D. & SAMSON, S. D. 2006. A newly discovered orogenic event in Morocco: Neoproterozic ages for supposed Eburnean basement of the Bou Azzer inlier, Anti-Atlas Mountains. Precambrian Research, 147, 65-78.
62. DOIG, R., MURPHY, J. B. & NANCE, R. D. 1991. U-Pb geochronology of Late Proterozoic rocks of the eastern Cobequid Highlands, Avalon Composite Terrane, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 504-511.
63. DOIG, R., MURPHY, J. B. & NANCE, R. D. 1993. Tectonic significance of the Late Proterozoic Economy River Gneiss, Cobequid Highlands, Avalon composite terrane, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 474-479.
64. DÖRR, W., ZULAUF, G., FIALA, J., FRANKE, W. & VEJNAR, Z. 2002. Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian history of an active plate margin in the Teplá-Barrandian unit - a correlation of U-Pb isotopic-dilution-TIMS ages (Bohemia, Czech Republic). Tectonophysics, 352, 65-85.
65. DÖRR, W., FINGER, F., LINNEMANN, U. & ZULAUF, G. 2004. The Avalonian-Cadomian Belt and related peri-Gondwanan terranes. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 657-658.
66. DOSTAL, J., KEPPIE, J. D., COUSENS, B. L. & MURPHY, J. B. 1996. 550-580 Ma magmatism in Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada): the product of NW-dipping subduction during the final stage of assembly of Gondwana. Precambrian Research, 76, 96-113.
67. DROST, K., LINNEMANN, U., MCNAUGHTON, N. ET AL. 2004. New data on the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian geotectonic setting of the Tepli-Barrandian volcanosedimentary successions: geochemistry, U-Pb zircon ages, and provenance (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 742-757.
68. DUNNING, G. R. & KROGH, T. E. 1985. Geochronology of ophiolites in the Newfoundland Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, 1659-1670.
69. DUNNING, G. R. & O'BRIEN, S. J. 1989. Late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic crust in the Hermitage flexure, Newfoundland Appalachians: U-Pb ages and tectonic significance. Geology, 17, 548-551.
70. DUNNING, G. R., BARR, S. M., RAESIDE, R. P. & JAMIESON, R. A. 1990. U-Pb zircon, titanite and monazite ages in the Bras d'Or and Aspy terranes of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia: implications for magmatic and metamorphic history. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 322-330.
71. DUNNING, G. R., SWINDEN, H. S., KEAN, B. F., EVANS, D. T. & JENNER, G. A. 1991. A Cambrian island arc in Iapetus; geochronology and geochemistry of the Lake Ambrose volcanic belt, Newfoundland Appalachians. Geological Magazine, 128, 1-17.
72. EGAL, E., GUERROT, C., LE GOFF, D., THIÉBLEMONT, D. & CHANTRAINE, J. 1996. The Cadomian orogeny revisited in northern France. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 281-318.
73. EGUÍLUZ, L., GIL IBARGUCHI, J. I., ÁBALOS, B. & APRAIZ, A. 2000. Superposed Hercynian and Cadomian orogenic cycles in the Ossa-Morena zone and related areas of the Iberian Massif. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, 1398-1413.
74. EVANS, D. T. W., KEAN, B. F. & DUNNING, G. R. 1990. Geological studies, Victoria Lake Group, Central Newfoundland. Current Research, Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report, 90-1, 131-144.
75. FARRAR, S. S., 1984. The Goochland granulite terrane; remobilized Grenville basement in the eastern Virginia Piedmont. In: BARTHOLOMEW, M. J. (ed.) Grenville Event in the Appalachians and Related Topics. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 194, 215-227.
76. FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO, G., JENNER, G. A. & JACKSON, S. 1998. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Pola de Allande granitoids (northern Spain). The bearing on the Cadomian/Avalonian evolution of NW Iberia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 35, 1-15.
77. FERNáANDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO, G., JENNER, G. A. & TUBRETT, M. N. 2000. New ideas on the Proterozoic-early Palaeozoic evolution of NW Iberia; insights from U-Pb detrital zircon ages. Precambrian Research, 102, 185-206.
78. FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., GUTIÉRREZ ALONSO, G. & JEFFRIES, T. E. 2002a. The importance of along-margin terrane transport in northern Gondwana: insights from detrital zircon parentage in Neoproterozoic rocks from Iberia and Brittany. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 204, 75-88.
79. FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO, G., COX, R. & JENNER, G. A. 2002b. Assembly of the Armorica Microplate: A strike-slip terrane delivery? Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons. Journal of Geology, 110, 619-626.
80. FINGER, F., HANZL, P., PIN, C., VON QUADT, A. & STEYRER, H. P. 2000. The Brunovistulian: Avalonian Precambrian sequence at the eastern end of the Central European Variscides? In: FRANKE, W., HAAK, V., ONCKEN, O. & TANNER, D. (eds) Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt. Geological Society, London Special Publications, 179, 103-112.
81. FORTEY, R. A. & COCKS, L. R. M. 2003. Palaeontological evidence bearing on global Ordovician-Silurian continental reconstructions. Earth-Science Reviews, 61, 245-307.
82. FRANKE, W. 1989. Tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan belt of Central Europe. In: DALLMEYER, R. D. & KEPPIE, J. D. (eds) Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic Orogens. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 230, 67-90.
83. FRIEDL, G., FINGER, F., MCNAUGHTON, N. J. & FLETCHER, I. R. 2000. Deducing the ancestry of terranes: SBRIMP evidence for South America-derived Gondwana fragments in central Europe. Geology, 28, 1035-1038.
84. FRIEDL, G., FINGER, F., PAQUETTE, J. L., VON QUADT, A., MCNAUGHTON, N. J. & FLETCHER, I. R. 2004. Pre-Variscan geological events in the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif deduced from U-Pb zircon ages. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 802-823.
85. GAPAIS, D. & BALÉ, P. 1990. Shear zone pattern and granite emplacement within a Cadomian sinistral wrench zone at St. Cast, N. Brittany. In: D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51, 169-180.
86. GEBAUER, D. & FRIEDL, G. 1994. A 1.38 Ga protolith age for the Dobra ordiogneiss (Moldanubian zone of the southern Bohemian massif, NE Austria): Evidence from ion-microprobe (SBRIMP)-dating of zircon. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5, 115.
87. GEYER, G. & LANDING, E. 2001. Middle Cambrian of Avalonian Massachusetts: Stratigraphy and correlation of the Braintree trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 75, 116-135.
88. GIBBONS, W. & HORÁK, J. M. 1996. The evolution of the Neoproterozoic Avalonian subduction system: Evidence from the British Isles. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 269-280.
89. GIESE, U. & BUEHN, B. 1994. Early Paleozoic rifting and bimodal volcanism in the Ossa-Morena Zone of south-west Spain. Geologische Rundschau, 83, 143-160.
90. GILLIS, R. J., GEHRELS, G. E., FLORES DE DIOS, A. & RUIZ, J. 2001. Paleogeographic implications of detrital zircon ages from the Oaxaca terrane of southern Mexico. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 33, A-428.
91. GOWER, C. F., RYAN, A. B. & RIVERS, T. 1990. Mid-Proterozoic Laurentia-Baltica: An overview of its geological evolution and summary of the contributions by this volume. In: GOWER, C. F., RIVERS, T. & RYAN, A. B. (eds) Mid-Proterozoic Laurentia-Baltica. Geological Association of Canada, Special Papers, 38, 1-20.
92. GRADSTEIN, F. M., OGG, J. G., SMITH, A. G., BLEEKER, W. & LOURENS, L. J. 2004. A now geologic time scale, with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene. Episodes, 27, 83-100.
93. GRAF, J., VON QUADT, A., BERNOULLI, D. & BURG, J-P. 1998. Geochemistry and geochronology of igneous rocks of the central Serbo-Macedoman Massif (Western Bulgaria). Abstracts, Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association XVI Congress. Geological Survey of Austria, Vienna, 191.
94. GREENOUGH, J. G. & PAPEZIK, V. S. 1986. Acado-Baltic volcanism in eastem North America and western Europe: Implications for Cambrian tectonism. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, 22, 240-251.
95. GUERROT, C. & PEUCAT, J. J. 1990. U-Pb geochronology of the Upper Proterozoic Cadomian orogeny in the northern Armorican Massif, France. In: D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51, 13-26.
96. GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO, G., FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., JEFFRIES, T. E., JENNER, G. A., TUBRETT, M. N., COX, R. & JACKSON, S. E. 2003. Tertane accretion and dispersal in the northern Gondwana margin. An Early Paleozoic analogue of a long-lived active margin. Tectonophysics, 365, 221-232.
97. 39Ar detrital mica ages complement the zircon's tale. Geology, 33, 637-640.
98. 39Ar dating of detrital muscovite in provenance investigations: A case study from the Adelaide Rift Complex, South Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 227, 297-311.
99. HAVLÍCEK, V. 1999. Perunica microplate: relation to Ukranian Shield, mid-Bohemian rift, and hypothetic large-scale overthrusts in central Bohemia. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 74, 75-81.
100. HEATHERINGTON, A. L. & MUELLER, P. A. 1999. Lithospheric sources of North Florida, USA tholeiites and implications for the origin of the Suwannee terrane. Lithos, 46, 215-233.
101. HEATHERINGTON, A. L. & MUELLER, P. A. 2005. Common Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic signatures of the Suwannee tenrane and adjacent terranes of the southeastern US: Comparison and speculations on interterrane correlations. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 37, 7.
102. HEATHERINGTON, A. L., MUELLER, P. A. & NUTMAN, A. P. 1996. Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Suwannee terrane: Implications for terrane correlation. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 257-269.
103. HEGNER, E. & KRÖNER, A. 2000. Review of Nd isotopic data and xenocrystic and detrital zircon ages from the pre-Variscan basement in the eastern Bohemian Massif: speculations on palinspastic reconstructions. In: FRANKE, W., HAAK, V., ONCKEN, O. & TANNER, D. (eds) Orogenic Processes: Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 179, 113-129.
104. HERMES, O. D. & ZARTMAN, R. E. 1985. Late Proterozoic and Devonian plutonic terrane within the Avalon zone of Rhode Island. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 96, 272-282.
105. HERMES, O. D. & ZARTMAN, R. E. 1992. Late Proterozoic and Silurian alkaline plutons within the southeastern New England Avalon zone. Journal of Geology, 100, 477-486.
106. HIBBARD, J. 2000. Docking Carolina: Mid-Paleozoic accretion in the southern Appalachians. Geology, 28, 127-130.
107. HIBBARD, J. & SAMSON, S. 1995. Orogenesis exotic to the Iapetan cycle in the southern Appalachians. In: HIBBARD, J., VAN STAAL, C. & CAWOOD, P. (eds) Current Perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen. Geological Association of Canada, Special Papers, 41, 191-205.
108. HIBBARD, J. & VAN STAAL, C. 2005. A Carolina-Ganderia link in the Appalachian peri-Gondwanan realm: Implications for the terminal Taconic plate configuration. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Program, 37, 16.
109. HIBBARD, J. P., STODDARD, E. F., SECOR, D. T. & DENNIS, A. J. 2002. The Carolina Zone: overview of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern flank of the southern Appalachians. Earth-Science Reviews, 57, 299-339.
110. HIBBARD, J. P., VAN STAAL, C. R. & MILLER, B. V. 2007. Links between Carolinia, Avalonia and Ganderia in the Appalachian peri-Gondwanan realm. In: SEARS, J. W., HARMS, T. A. & EVENCHICK, C. A. (eds) Whence the Mountains? Inquiries into the Evolution of Orogenic Systems: A Volume in Honor of Raymond A. Price. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 433, 291-312.
111. 39Ar ages from muscovite and whole-rock samples, Meguma Supergroup, southern Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, 23-32.
112. HIMMERKUS, F., ANDRES, B., REISCHMANN, T. & KOSTOPOULOS, D. 2007. Gondwana-derived terranes in the northern Hellenides. In: HATCHER JR, R. D., CARLSON, M. P., MCBRIDE, J. H. & MARTÍNEZ CATALÁN, J. R. (eds) 4-D Framework of Continental Crust. Geological Society of America, Memoirs, 200, 379-390.
113. HIRDES, W. & DAVIS, D.W. 2002. U-Pb geochronology of Paleoproterozoic rocks in the southern part of the Kedougou-Kéniéba inlier, Senegal, West Africa: Evidence for diachronous accretionary development of the Ebumian province. Precambrian Research, 118, 83-99.
114. HODYCH, J. & BUCHAN, K. 1998. Palaeomagnetism of the ca. 440 Ma Cape St. Mary's sills of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland: implications for Iapetus Ocean closure. Geophysical Journal International, 135, 155-164.
115. HODYCH, J. P., COX, R. A. & KOSLER, J. 2004. An equatorial Laurentia at 550 Ma confirmed by Grenvillian inherited zircons dated by LAM ICP-MS in the Skinner Cove volcanics of western Newfoundland: implications for inertial interchange true polar wander. Precambrian Research, 129, 93-113.
116. HOFFMAN, P. F. 1991. Did the breakout of Laurentia turn Gondwanaland inside out? Science, 252, 1409-1412.
117. HOFFMAN, P. F., KAUFMAN, A. J., HALVERSON, G. P. & SCHRAG, D. P. 1998. A Neoproterozoic snowball Earth. Science, 281, 1342-1346.
118. HORÁK, J. M. 1993. The late Precambrian Coedana and Sarn Complexes, northwest Wales - A geochemical and petrologic study. PhD thesis, University of Wales, Cardiff.
119. INGLE, S., MUELLER, P., HEATHERINGTON, A. & KOZUCH, M. 2003. Isotopic evidence for the magmatic and tectonic histories of the Carolina terrane: implications for stratigraphy and terrane affiliation. Tectonophysics, 371, 187-211.
120. INGLIS, J. D., SAMSON, S. D., D'LEMOS, R. S. & HAMILTON, M. 2004. U-Pb geochronological constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Paleoproterozoic basement of Cadomia, La Hague, NW France. Precambrian Research, 134, 293-315.
121. INGLIS, J. D., D'LEMOS, R. S., SAMSON, S. D & ADMOU, H. 2005. Geochronological constraints on Late Precambrian intrusion, metamorphism, and tectonism in the Anti-Atlas Mountains. Journal of Geology, 113, 439-450.
122. JAMES, N. P., NARBONNE, G. M., DALRYMPLE, R. W. & KYSER, T. K. 2005. Glendonites in Neoproterozoic, low-latitude, interglacial sedimentary rocks, northwest Canada: Insights into the Cryogenian ocean and Precambrian cold-water carbonates. Geology, 33, 9-12.
123. JOHNSON, S. 2001. Contrasting geology in the Pocologan River and Long Reach areas: implications for the New River belt and correlations in southern New Brunswick and Maine. Atlantic Geology, 37, 61-79.
124. JOHNSON, R. J. E. & VAN DER VOO, R. 1986. Paleomagnetism of the Late Precambrian Fourchu Group, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23, 1673-1685.
125. JOHNSON, R. J. E. & VAN DER VOO, R. 1990. Pre-folding magnetization reconfirmed for the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Dunn Point volcanics, Nova Scotia. Tectonophysics, 178, 193-205.
126. KARABINOS, P. & GROMET, L. P. 1993. Application of single-grain zircon evaporation analyses to detrital zircon grain studies and age discrimination in ignous suites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 4257-4267.
127. KAYE, C. A. & ZARTMAN, R. E. 1980. A late Proterozoic Z to Cambrian age for the stratified rocks of the Boston Basin, Massachusetts, U.S.A. In: WONES, D. R. (ed.) The Caledonides of the U.S.A. IGCP Project 27, Caledonide Orogen, 1979 Meeting Proceedings, Blacksburg, VA. Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State University Memoir, 2, 257-261.
128. KEEN, C. E., KEEN, M. J., NICHOLS, B. ET AL. 1986. Deep seismic reflection profile across the northern Appalachians. Geology, 14, 141-145.
129. KEMNITZ, H. 2007. The Lausitz greywackes, Saxo-Thuringia, Germany - witness to the Cadomian orogeny. In: LINNEMANN, U., KRAFT, P., NANCE, R. D. & ZULAUF, G. (eds) The Geology of Peri-Gondwana: The Avalonian-Cadomian Belt, Adjoining Cratons and the Rheic Ocean. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 423, 97-142.
130. KEPPIE, J. D. 1977. Plate tectonic interpretation of Paleozoic world maps (with emphasis on circum-Atlantic orogens and southern Nova Scotia). Nova Scotia Department of Mines Paper, 77-3.
131. KEPPIE, J. D. 1993. Synthesis of Paleozoic deformational events and terrane accretion in the Canadian Appalachians. Geologische Rundschau, 82, 381-431.
132. KEPPIE, J. D. 2004. Terranes of Mexico revisited: A 1.3 billion year odyssey. International Geology Review, 46, 765-794.
133. 39Ar isotopic data. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2, 644-659.
134. KEPPIE, J. D. & DOSTAL, J. 1998. Birth of the Avalonian arc in Nova Scotia, Canada: geochemical evidence for ∼700-630 Ma back-arc rift volcanism off Gondwana. Geological Magazine, 135, 171-181.
135. KEPPIE, J. D. & KROGH, T. E. 2000. 440 Ma igneous activity in the Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada: part of the Appalachian overstep sequence? American Journal of Science, 300, 528-538.
136. KEPPIE, J. D. & ORTEGA-GUTIÉRREZ, F. 1995. Provenance of Mexican terranes: Isotopic constraints. International Geology Review, 37, 813-824.
137. KEPPIE, J. D. & ORTEGA-GUTIÉRREZ, F. 1999. Middle American Precambrian basement: A missing piece of the reconstructed 1-Ga orogen. In: RAMOS, V. A. & KEPPIE, J. D. (eds) Laurentia-Gondwana Connections Before Pangea. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 336, 199-210.
138. KEPPIE, J. D. & RAMOS, V. A. 1999. Odyssey of terranes in the Iapetus and Rheic oceans during the Paleozoic. In: RAMOS, V. A. & KEPPIE, J. D. (eds) Laurentia-Gondwana Connections Before Pangea. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 336, 267-276.
139. KEPPIE, J. D., NANCE, R. D., MURPHY, J. B. & DOSTAL, J. 1991. Northern Appalachians: Avalon and Meguma Terranes. In: DALLMEYER, R. D. & LÉCORCHÉ, J. P. (eds) The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives. Springer, New York, 315-334.
140. KEPPIE, J. D., COUSENS, B. L., DOSTAL, J. & MURPHY, J. B. 1997. Palaeozoic within-plate volcanic rocks in Nova Scotia (Canada) reinterpreted; isotopic constraints on magmatic source and palaeocontinental reconstructions. Geological Magazine, 134, 425-447.
141. KEPPIE, J. D., DAVIS, D. W. & KROGH, T. E. 1998. U-Pb geochronological constraints on Precambrian stratified units in the Avalon composite terrane, of Nova Scotia, Canada: Tectonic implications. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 35, 222-236.
142. KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., DALLMEYER, R. D. & DOIG, R. 2000. Superposed Neoproterozoic and Silurian magmatic arcs in central Cape Breton Island, Canada: geochemical and geochronological constraints. Geological Magazine, 137, 137-153.
143. KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., ORTEGA-GUTIÉRREZ, F. & LOPEZ, R. 2001. A Grenvillian arc on the margin of Amazonia: evidence from the southern Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico. Precambrian Research, 112, 165-181.
144. KEPPIE, J. D., NANCE, R. D. & MURPHY, J. B. & Dostal J. 2003a. Tethyan, Mediterranean, and Pacific analogues for the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic birth and development of peri-Gondwanan terranes and their transfer to Laurentia and Laurussia. Tectonophysics, 365, 195-219.
145. KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., CAMERON, K. L., SOLARI, L. A., ORTEGA-GUTIÉRREZ, F. & LOPEZ, R. 2003b. Geochronology and geochemistry of Grenvillian igneous suites in the northern Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico: tectonic implications. Precambrian Research, 120, 365-399.
146. KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., NANCE, R. D., MILLER, B. V., ORTEGA-RIVERA, A. & LEE, J. K. W. 2006. Circa 546 Ma plume-related dykes in the ∼1 Ga Novillo Gneiss (east-central Mexico): Evidence for the initial separation of Avalonia. Precambrian Research, 147, 342-353.
147. KERR, A., JENNER, G. A. & FRYER, B. J. 1995. Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry of Precambrian to Paleozoic granitoid suites and the deep-crustal structure of the southeast margin of the Newfoundland Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32, 224-245.
148. KNOLL, A. H. 1992. The early evolution of eukaryotes, a geological perspective. Science, 256, 622-637.
149. KRÄUTNER, H. G. 1993. Pre-Alpine evolution in the Southern Carpathians and adjacent areas. Geologica Carpathica, 44, 203-212.
150. KROGH, T. E. & KEPPIE, J. D. 1990. Age of detrital zircon and titanite in the Meguma Group, southern Nova Scotia, Canada: clues to the origin of the Meguma Terrane. Tectonophysics, 177, 307-323.
151. KROGH, T. E., STRONG, D. F., O'BRIEN, S. J. & PAPEZIK, V. S. 1988. Precise U-Pb zircon dates from the Avalon Terrane in Newfoundland. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences, 25, 442-453.
152. KROGH, T. E., KAMO, S. L., SHARPTON, B., MARIN, L. & HILDEBRAND, A. R. 1993. U-Pb ages of single shocked zircons linking distal K/T ejecta to the Chicxulub crater. Nature, 366, 731-734.
153. KRÖNER, A. & SENGÖR, A. M. C. 1990. Archean and Proterozoic ancestry in late Precambrian to early Paleozoic crustal elements of southern Turkey as revealed by single-zircon dating. Geology, 18, 1186-1190.
154. KRÖNER, A., WENDT, I. J., LIEW, T. C. ET AL. 1988. U-Pb zircon and Sm-Nd model ages of high grade Moldanubian sediments, Bohemian massif, Czechoslovakia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 257-266.
155. LANDING, E. 1996. Avalon: Insular continent by the latest Precambrian. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 29-63.
156. LANDING, E. 2004. Precambrian-Cambrian boundary interval deposition and the marginal platform of the Avalon microcontinent. Journal of Geodynamics, 37, 411-435.
157. LANDING, E. 2005. Early Paleozoic Avalon-Gondwana unity: An obituary - Response to 'Palaeontological evidence bearing on global Ordovician-Silurian continental reconstructions' by R. A. Fortey and L. R. M. Cocks. Earth-Science Reviews, 69, 169-175.
158. LANDING, E., KEPPIE, J. D. & WESTROP, S. R. 2006. Lower Paleozoic of northwest Gondwana - terminal Cambrian and lowest Ordovician Tiñu Formation in southern Mexico. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 38, 21.
159. LIÑÁN, E. & GÁMEZ-VINTANED, J. A. 1993. Lower Cambrian palaeogeography of the Iberian Peninsula and its relations with some neighbouring European areas. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 164, 831-842.
160. LINNEMANN, U. 1991. Glazioeustatisch kontrollierte Sedimentationsprozesse im Oberen Proterozoikum der Elbezone (Weesensteiner Gruppe/Sachsen). Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, 12, 2907-2934.
161. LINNEMANN, U. 1995. The Neoproterozoic terranes of Saxony (Germany). Precambrian Research, 73, 235-250.
162. LINNEMANN, U. 2004. Sedimentation und geotektonischer Rahmen der Beckenentwicklung im Saxothuringikum (Neoproterozoikum-Unterkarbon). In: LINNEMANN, U. (ed.) Das Saxothuringikum. Geologica Saxonica, 48-49, 71-110.
163. LINNEMANN, U. & ROMER, R. L. 2002. The Cadomian Orogeny in Saxo-Thuringia, Germany: geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic characterization of marginal basins with constraints to geotectonic setting and provenance. Tectonophysics, 352, 33-64.
164. LINNEMANN, U., GEHMLICH, M., TICHOMIROWA, M. ET AL. 2000. From Cadomian subduction to Early Palaeozoic rifting: The evolution of Saxo-Thuringia at the margin of Gondwana in the light of single zircon geochronology and basin development (Central European Variscides, Germany). In: FRANKE, W., ALTHERR, R., HAAK, V., ONCKEN, O. & TANNER, D. (eds) Orogenic Processes - Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt. Geological Society, London Special Publications, 179, 131-153.
165. LINNEMANN, U., MCNAUGHTON, N. J., ROMER, R. L., GEHMLICH, M., DROST, K. & TONK, C. 2004. West African provenance for Saxo-Thuringia (Bohemian Massif): Did Armorica ever leave pre-Pangean Gondwana?-U-Pb-SHRIMP zircon evidence and the Nd-isotopic record. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 683-705.
166. LINNEMANN, U., NANCE, R. D., ZULAF, G. & KRAFT, P. (eds) 2007a. The Geology of Peri-Gondwana, The Avalonian-Cadomian Belt, Adjoining Cratons and the Rheic Ocean. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 423.
167. LINNEMANN, U., GERDES, A., DROST, K. & BUSCHMANN, B. 2007b. Cadomian orogenic processes - The ultimate cause for the opening of the Rheic Ocean: Constraints by Laser Ablation-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating and analysis of the geotectonic setting (Saxo-Thuringian zone, Bohemian massif, Germany). In: LINNEMANN, U., KRAFT, P., NANCE, R. D. & ZULAUF, G. (eds) The Geology of Peri-Gondwana: The Avalonian-Cadomian Belt, Adjoining Cratons and the Rheic Ocean. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 423, 61-96.
168. LOEWY, S. L., CONNELLY, J. N. & DALZIEL, I. W. D. 2004. An orphaned basement block: The Arequipa-Antofalla Basement of the central Andean margin of South America. Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin, 116, 171-187.
169. MAC NIOCAILL, C., VAN DER PLUIJM, B. A., VAN DER VOO, R. & MCNAMARA, A. K. 2002. Reply: West African proximity of Avalon in the latest Precambrian. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114, 1051-1052.
170. MANCUSCO, C. I., GATES, A. E. & PUFFER, J. H. 1996. Geochemical and petrologic evidence of Avalonian arc to rift transition from granitoids in southeastern Rhode Island. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 29-63.
171. MARTÍNEZ CATALÁN, J. R., FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., JENNER, G. A., BELOUSOVA, E. & DIEZ MONTES, A. 2004. Provenance constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb ages in the NW Iberian Massif: implications for Palaeozoic plate configuration and Variscan evolution. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161, 463-476.
172. MAWER, C. K. & WHITE, J. C. 1987. Sense of displacement on the Cobequid-Chedabucto fault system, Nova Scotia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 217-223.
173. MCCAUSLAND, P. J. A. & HODYCH, J. P. 1998. Palaeomagnetism of the 550 Ma Skinner Cove volcanics of western Newfoundland and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 163, 15-29.
174. MCKERROW, W. S., SCOTESE, C. R. & BRASIER, M. D. 1992. Early Cambrian continental reconstructions. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149, 599-606.
175. MCLEOD, M. J., RUITENBERG, A. A. & KROGH, T. E. 1992. Geology and U-Pb geochronology of the Annidale Group, southern New Brunswick:, Lower Ordovician volcanic and sedimentary rocks formed near the southeastern margin of Iapetus Ocean. Atlantic Geology, 28, 181-192.
176. MCMENAMIN, M. A. S. & MCMENAMIN, D. L. 1990. The Emergence of Animals: The Cambrian Breakthrough. Columbia University Press, New York.
177. MCNAMARA, A. K., MAC NIOCAILL, C., VAN DER PLUIJM, B. A. & VAN DER VOO, R. 2001. West African proximity of Avalon in the latest Precambrian. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113, 1161-1170.
178. MEERT, J. G. & POWELL, C. M. 2001. Assembly and break-up of Rodinia: introduction to the special volume. Precambrian Research, 110, 1-8.
179. MILLER, B. V., SAMSON, S. D. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 1999. Time span of plutonism, fabric development, and cooling in a Neoproterozoic magmatic arc segment: U-Pb age constraints from syntectonic plutons, Sark, Channel Islands, U.K. Tectonophysics, 312, 79-95.
180. MILLER, B. V., SAMSON, S. D. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 2001. U-Pb geochronological constraints on the timing of plutonism, volcanism, and sedimentation, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 158, 243-252.
181. MILLER, J. D. & KENT, D. V. 1988. Palcomagnetism of the Siluro-Devonian Andreas redbeds: evidence of a Devonian supercontinent? Geology, 16, 195-198.
182. MOLINA-GARZA, R. S., VAN DER VOO, R. & URRUTIA-FUCUGAUCHI, J. 1992. Paleomagnetism of the Chiapas massif, southern Mexico: evidence for rotation of the Maya block and implications for the opening of the Gulf of Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 104, 1156-1168.
183. MOORES, E. M. 1998. Ophiolites, the Sierra Nevada, 'Cordillera,' and orogeny along the Pacific and Caribbean margins of North and South America. International Geology Review, 40, 40-54.
184. MUELLER, P. A., HEATHERINGTON, A. L., WOODEN, J. L., SHUSTER, R. D., NUTMAN, A. P. & WILLIAMS, I. S. 1994. Precambrian zircons from the Florida basement; a Gondwanan connection. Geology, 22, 119-122.
185. MUELLER, P. A., KOZUCH, M., HEATHERINGTON, A. L. ET AL. 1996. Evidence for Mesoproterozoic basement in the Carolina terrane and speculations on its origin. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian, Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 207-217.
186. MURPHY, J. B. 2000. Tectonic influence on sedimentation along the southern flank of the Late Paleozoic Magdalen Basin in the Canadian Appalachians: geochemical and isotopic constraints on the Horton Group in the St. Marys Basin, Nova Scotia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, 997-1011.
187. MURPHY, J. B. 2002. Geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary Gamble Brook Formation, Avalon terrane, Nova Scotia: evidence for a rifted arc environment along the west Gondwanan margin of Rodinia. Journal of Geology, 110, 407-420.
188. MURPHY, J. B. 2003. Late Paleozoic formation and development of the St. Marys Basin, mainland Nova Scotia, Canada: a prolonged record of intra-continental strike-slip deformation during the assembly of Pangaea. In: STORTI, F., HOLDSWORTH, R. E. & SALVINI, F. (eds) Intraplate Strike-Slip Deformation Belts. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 210, 185-196.
189. MURPHY, J. B. & KEPPIE, J. D. 2005. The Acadian orogeny in the northern Appalachians. International Geology Review, 47, 663-687.
190. MURPHY, J. B. & NANCE, R. D. 1989. Model for the evolution of the Avalonian-Cadomian belt. Geology, 17, 735-738.
191. MURPHY, J. B. & NANCE, R. D. 2002. Nd-Sm isotopic systematics as tectonic tracers: an example from West Avalonia, Canadian Appalachians. Earth-Science Reviews, 59, 77-100.
192. MURPHY, J. B., CAMERON, K., DOSTAL, J., KEPPIE, J. D. & HYNES, A. J. 1985. Cambrian volcanism in Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, 599-606.
193. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & HYNES, A. J. 1990. The geochemistry and petrology of the late Precambrian Georgeville Group: a volcanic arc-rift succession in the Avalon terrane of Nova Scotia. In: D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51, 383-393.
194. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & COUSINS, B. L. 1996a. Repeated late Neoproterozoic-Silurian lower crustal melting beneath the Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia: Nd isotopic evidence and tectonic interpretations. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. D. (eds.) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 109-120.
195. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J., WALDRON, J. W. F. & CUDE, M. P. 1996b. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of Early Silurian clastic sequences in the Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia, Canada: constraints on the accretion of Avalonia in the Appalachian-Caledonide Orogen. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 379-388.
196. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DAVIS, D. & KROGH, T. E. 1997. Regional significance of new U-Pb age data for Neoproterozoic igneous units in Avalonian rocks of northern mainland Nova Scotia, Canada. Geological Magazine, 134, 113-120.
197. MURPHY, J. B., KEPPIE, J. D., DOSTAL, J. & NANCE, R. D. 1999a. Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic evolution of Avalonia. In: RAMOS, V. A. & KEPPIE, J. D. (eds) Laurentia-Gondwana Connections Before Pangea. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 336, 253-266.
198. MURPHY, J. B., VAN STAAL, C. R. & KEPPIE, J. D. 1999b. Is the mid Paleozoic Acadian Orogeny a plume-modified Laramide-style orogeny? Geology, 27, 653-656.
199. MURPHY, J. B., STRACHAN, R. A., NANCE, R. D., PARKER, K. D. & FOWLER, M. B. 2000. Proto-Avalonia: a 1.2-1.0 Ga tectonothermal event and constraints for the evolution of Rodinia. Geology, 28, 1071-1074.
200. MURPHY, J. B., PISAREVSKY, S. A., NANCE, R. D. & KEPPIE, J. D. 2001. Animated history of Avalonia in Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic. Journal of Virtual Explorer, 3, 45-58.
201. MURPHY, J. B., EGUILUZ, L. & ZULAUF, G. 2002a. Cadomian orogens, peri-Gondwanan correlatives and Laurentia-Baltica connections. Tectonophysics, 352, 1-9.
202. MURPHY, J. B., NANCE, R. D. & KEPPIE, J. D. 2002b. Discussion: West African proximity of Avalon in the latest Precambrian. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 114, 1049-1050.
203. MURPHY, J. B., PISAREVSKY, S. A., NANCE, R. D. & KEPPIE, J. D. 2004a. Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic evolution of peri-Gondwanan terranes: implications for Laurentia-Gondwana connections. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 659-682.
204. MURPHY, J. B., FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J., KEPPIE, J. D. & JEFFRIES, T. E. 2004b. Contiguous rather than discrete Paleozoic histories for the Avalon and Meguma terranes based on detrital zircon data. Geology, 32, 585-588.
205. MURPHY, J. B., FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J. & JEFFRIES, T. E. 2004 c. Contiguous rather than discrete Paleozoic histories for the Avalon and Meguma terranes based on detrital zircon data. Geology, 32, 585-588.
206. MURPHY, J. B., GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO, G., NANCE, R. D. ET AL. 2006. Origin of the Rheic Ocean: Rifting along a Neoproterozoic suture? Geology, 34, 325-328.
207. NAGY, E. A., SAMSON, S. D. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 2002. U-Pb geochronological constraints on the timing of Brioverian sedimentation and regional deformation in the St. Brieuc region of the Neoproterozoic Cadomian orogen, northern France. Precambrian Research, 116, 1-17.
208. 39Ar mineral age constraints for the tectonothermal evolution of the Green Head Group and Brookville gneiss, southern New Brunswick, Canada: implications for the configuration of the Avalon composite terrane. Geological Journal, 29, 293-322.
209. NANCE, R. D. & MURPHY, J. B. 1990. Kinematic history of the Bass River Complex, Nova Scotia: Cadomian tectonostratigraphic relations in the Avalon terrane of the Canadian Appalachians. In: D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51, 395-406.
210. NANCE, R. D. & MURPHY, J. B. 1994. Contrasting basement isotopic signatures and the palinspastic restoration of peripheral orogens: Example from the Neoproterozoic Avalonian-Cadomian belt. Geology, 22, 617-620.
211. NANCE, R. D. & MURPHY, J. B. 1996. Basement isotopic signatures and Neoproterozoic paleogeography of Avalonian-Cadomian and related terranes in the circurn-North Atlantic. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 333-346.
212. NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. E. (eds) 1996. Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304.
213. NANCE, R. D., MURPHY, J. B., STRACHAN, R. A., D'LEMOS, R. S. & TAYLOR, G. K. 1991. Late Proterozoic tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Avalonian and Cadomian terranes. Precambrian Research, 53, 41-78.
214. NANCE, R. D., MURPHY, J. B. & KEPPIE, J. D. 2002. Cordilleran model for the evolution of Avalonia. Tectonophysics, 352, 11-32.
215. NAVARRO-SANTILLAN, D., SOUR-TOVAR, F. & CENTENO-GARCIA, E. 2002. Lower Mississippian (Osagean) brachiopods from the Santiago Formation, Oaxaca, Mexico: stratigraphic and tectonic implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 15, 327-336.
216. NEUBAUER, F. 2002. Evolution of late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectonic elements in Central and Southeast European Alpine mountain belts: review and synthesis. Tectonophysics, 352, 87-103.
217. NOBLE, S. R., TUCKER, R. D. & PHARAOH, T. C. 1993. Lower Paleozoic and Precambrian igneous rocks from eastern England, and their bearing on Late Ordovician closure of the Tornquist Sea: constraints from U-Pb and Nd isotopes. Geological Magazine, 130, 835-846.
218. NOBLET, CH. & LEFORT, J. P. 1990. Sedimentological evidence for a limited separation between Armorica and Gondwana during the Early Ordovician. Geology, 18, 303-306.
219. 39Ar ages from the Carolina slate belt, Albemarle, North Carolina: implications for terrane amalgamation with North America. Geology, 16, 64-68.
220. O'BRIEN, B., O'BRIEN, S. & DUNNING, G. 1991. Silurian cover, Late Precambrian-Early Ordovician basement, and the chronology of Silurian orogenesis in the Hermitage Flexure (Newfoundland Appalachians). American Journal of Science, 291, 760-799.
221. O'BRIEN, S. J., WARDLE, R. J. & KING, A. F. 1983. The Avalon zone: a Pan-African terrane in the Appalachian orogen of Canada. Geological Journal, 18, 195-222.
222. O'BRIEN, S. J., O'BRIEN, B. H., DUNNING, G. R. & TUCKER, R. D. 1996. Late Neoproterozoic Avalonian and related peri-Gondwanan rocks of the Newfoundland Appalachians. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 9-28.
223. O'BRIEN, S. J., DUNNING, G. R., DUBÉ, B., O'DRISCOLL, C. F., SPARKES, B., ISRAEL, S. & KETCHUM, J. 2001. New insights into the Neoproterozoic geology of the central Avalon Peninsula (parts of NTS Map Areas 1N/6, 1N/7 and 1N/3), eastern Newfoundland. In: Current Research (2001). New-foundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey, Report, 2001-1, 169-189.
224. OFFIELD, T., KUNK, M. & KOEPPEN, R. 1995. Style and age of deformation, Carolina slate belt, central North Carolina. Southeastern Geology, 35, 59-77.
225. ORTEGA-GUTIéRREZ, F., RUIZ, J. & CENTENO-GARCÍA, E. 1995. Oaxaquia, a Proterozoic microcontinent accreted to North America during the late Paleozoic. Geology, 23, 1127-1130.
226. ORTEGA-OBREGÓN, C., KEPPIE, J. D., SOLARI, L. A. ET AL. 2003. Geochronology and geochemistry of the ∼917 Ma, calc-alkaline Etla granitoid pluton (Oaxaca, southern Mexico): evidence of post-Grenvillian subduction along the northern margin of Amazonia. International Geology Review, 45, 596-622.
227. PATCHETT, P. J., GALE, N. H., GOODWIN, R. & HUMM, M. J. 1980. Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages of late Precambrian to Cambrian igneous rocks from southern Britain. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 137, 649-656.
228. PAULEY, J. C. 1990. The Longmyndian Supergroup and related Precambrian sediments of England and Wales. In: STRACHAN, R. A. & TAYLOR, G. K. (eds) Avalonian and Cadomian Geology of the North Atlantic. Blackie, Glasgow, 5-27.
229. PEGRAM, W. J. 1990. Development of continental lithospheric mantle as reflected in the chemistry of the Mesozoic Appalachian tholeiites, USA. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 97, 316-331.
230. PE-PIPER, G. & JANSA, L. F. 1999. Pre-Mesozoic basement rocks offshore Nova Scotia, Canada: New constraints on the accretion history of the Meguma terrane. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 111, 1773-1791.
231. PE-PIPER, G. & MURPHY, J. B. 1989. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the late Precambrian Folly River Formation, Cobequid Highlands, Avalon Terrane, Nova Scotia: a continental rift within a volcanic-arc environment. Atlantic Geology, 25, 143-151.
232. PE-PIPER, G. & PIPER, D. J. W. 1989. The Hadrynian Jeffers Group, Cobequid Highlands, Avalon Zone of Nova Scotia: a back-arc volcanic complex. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 101, 364-376.
233. PHARAOH, T. C. & CARNEY, J. N. 2000. Introduction to the Precambrian rocks of England and Wales. In: CARNEY, J. N., HORA, J.M., PHARAOH, T. C., GIBBONS, W., WILSON, D., BARKLEY, W. J. & BEVINS, R. E. (eds) The Precambrian Rocks of England and Wales. Geological Conservation Review Series, 20, 1-17.
234. PIMENTEL, M. M. & FUCK, R. A. 1992. Neoproterozoic crustal accretion in central Brazil. Geology, 20, 375-379.
235. PINDELL, J. L., BARRETT, S. F. & CASE, J. E. 1990. Geologic evolution of the Caribbean region; a plate tectonic perspective. In: DENGO, G. & CASE, J. E. (eds) Caribbean Region. Decade of North American Geology, Vol. H. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 405-432.
236. POTREL, A., PEUCAT, J. & FANNING, C. M. 1998. Archean crustal evolution of the West African Craton: example of the Amsaga Area (Reguibat Rise). U-Pb and Sm-Nd evidence for crustal growth and recycling. Precambrian Research, 90, 107-117.
237. POTTS, S., VAN DER PLUIJM, B. & VAN DER VOO, R. 1993. Discordant Silurian paleolatitudes for central Newfoundland: new paleomagnetic evidence from the Springdale Group. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 120, 1-12.
238. POWELL, C. MC., Li, Z. X., MCELHINNEY, M. W., MEERT, J. G. & PARK, J. K. 1993. Paleomagnetic constraints on the timing of the Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia and the Cambrian formation of Gondwana. Geology, 21, 889-892.
239. PRATT, B. R. & WALDRON, J. W. F. 1991. A Middle Cambrian trilobite faunule from the Meguma Group of Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 1843-1853.
240. PRIGMORE, J. K., BUTLER, A. J. & WOODCOCK, N. H. 1997. Rifting during separation of Eastern Avalonia from Gondwana: evidence from subsidence analysis. Geology, 25, 203-206.
241. QUESADA, C. 1990. Precambrian terranes in the Iberian Variscan foldbelt. In: STRACHAN, R. A. & TAYLOR, G. K. (eds) Avalonian and Cadomian Geology of the North Atlantic. Blackie, Glasgow, 109-133.
242. QUESADA, C. 1991. Precambrian successions in SW Iberia: their relationship to 'Cadomian' orogenic events. In: D'LEMOS, R. S., STRACHAN, R. A. & TOPLEY, C. G. (eds) The Cadomian Orogeny. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 51, 353-362.
243. QUESADA, C. 1997. Evolución geodinámica de la zona Ossa-Morena durante el ciclo Cadomiense. In: ARUJO, A. & PEREIRA, F. (eds) Livro de Homenagem ao Prof. Francisco Goncalves: Estudio Sabre a Geologia de Zona de Ossa-Morena (Macico Ibérico). Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, 205-230.
244. QUFSADA, C. 2006. Introduction: The Ossa-Morena Zone - from Neoproterozoic arc through Early Palaeozoic rifting to late Palaeozoic orogeny. In: PEREIRA, M. F. & QUESADA, C. (eds) Ediacaran to Viséan Crustal Growth Processes in the Ossa-Morena Zone (SW Iberia). The International Geoscience Programme IGCP 497 - The Rheic Ocean: Its Origin, Evolution and Correlatives, Évora Meeting 2006: Conference Abstracts and Field Trip Guide. Instituto Geológico y Mineto de España, Madrid, 27-48.
245. 39Ar mineral age constraints. Tectonophysics, 231, 195-213.
246. QUESADA, C., BELLIDO, F., DALLMEYER, R. D. ET AL. 1991. Terranes within the Iberian Massif: correlations with West African sequences. In: DALLMEYER, R. D. & LECORCHÉ, J. P. (eds) The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives. Springer, New York, 267-294.
247. RAMOS, V. A. & ALEMAN, A. 2000. Tectonic evolution of the Andes. In: CORDANI, U. G., MILANI, E. J., THOMAZ FILO, A. & CAMPOS, D. A. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of South America, 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, 635-685.
248. ROBARDET, M. 2003. The Armorica 'microplate'; fact or fiction? Critical review of the concept and contradictory palaeobiogeographical data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 195, 125-148.
249. ROBERTS, D. 2003. The Scandinavian Caledonides: Event chronology, palaeogeographic settings and likely modern analogues. Tectonophysics, 365, 283-299.
250. ROBINSON, P., TUCKER, R. D., BRADLEY, D., BERRYL, V. H. N. & OSBERG, P. H. 1998. Paleozoic orogens in New England, USA. Geologiska Föreningens Stockholm Forhandlingar, 120, 119-148.
251. ROBISON, R. & PANTOJA-ALOR, J. 1968. Tremadocian trilobites from Nochixtlan region, Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 42, 767-800.
252. ROCCI, G., BRONNER, G. & DESCHAMPS, M. 1991. Crystalline basement of the West African craton. In: DALLMEYER, R. D. & LÉCORCHÉ, J. P. (eds) The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives. Springer, New York, 31-61.
253. RODRIGUEZ-ALONSO, M. D., PEINADO, M., LÓPEZ-PLAZA, M., FRANCO, P., CARNICERO, A. & GONZALO, J.C. 2004. Neoproterozoic-Cambrian synsedimentary magmatism in the Central Iberian Zone (Spain): geology, petrology and geodynamic significance. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 897-920.
254. ROGERS, N., VAN STAAL, C., McNICOLL, V., POLLOCK, J., ZAGOREVSKI, A. & WHALEN, J. 2006. Neoproterozoic and Cambrian arc magmatism along the eastern margin of the Victoria Lake Supergroup: A remnant of Ganderian basement in central Newfoundland? Precambrian Research, 147, 320-341.
255. RUIZ, J., TOSDAL, R. M., RESTREPO, P. A. & MURILLO-MUÑETÓN, G. 1999. Pb isotope evidence for Colombia-southern Mexico connections in the Proterozoic. In: RAMOS, V. A. & KEPPIE, J. D. (eds) Laurentia-Gondwana Connections Before Pangea. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 336, 183-197.
256. SADOWSKI, G. R. & BETTENCOURT, J. S. 1996. Mesoproterozoic tectonic correlations between eastern Laurentia and the western border of the Amazon craton. Precambrian Research, 76, 213-227.
257. SAMSON, S., PALMER, A., ROBISON, R. & SECOR, D. T. 1990. Biogeographical significance of Cambrian trilobites from the Carolina slate belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 1459-1470.
258. SAMSON, S. D. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 1998. U-Pb geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic composition of Proterozoic gneisses, Channel Islands, U.K. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 155, 609-618.
259. SAMSON, S. D. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 1999. A precise late Neoproterozoic U-Pb zircon age for the syntectonic Perelle quartz diorite, Guernsey, Channel Islands, UK. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 47-54.
260. SAMSON, S. D., HIBBARD, J. P. & WORTMAN, G. L. 1995. Nd isotopic evidence for juvenile crust in the Carolina terrane, southern Appalachians. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 121, 171-184.
261. SAMSON, S. D., SECOR, D. T. & STERN, R. 1999. Provenance and paleogeography of Neoproterozoic circum-Atlantic arc-terranes: constraints from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 31, A-429.
262. SAMSON, S. D., BARR, S. M. & WHITE, C. E. 2000. Nd isotopic characteristics of terranes within the Avalon Zone, southern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, 1039-1052.
263. SAMSON, S. D., SECOR, D. T. & HAMILTON, M. A. 2001. Wandering Carolina: tracking exotic termaes with detrital zircons. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 33, A-263.
264. SAMSON, S. D., D'LEMOS, R. S., BLICHERT-TOFT, J. & VERVOORT, J. D. 2003. U-Pb geochronology and Hf-Nd isotope compositions of the oldest Neoproterozoic crust within the Cadomian Orogen: new evidence for a unique juvenile terrane. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 208, 165-180.
265. SAMSON, S. D., D'LEMOS, R. S., MILLER, B. V. & HAMILTON, M. A. 2005. Neoproterozoic palaeogeography of the Cadomia and Avalon terranes: constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb ages. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 162, 65-71.
266. SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA, T., BELLIDO, F. & QUESADA, C. 2003. Geodynamic setting and geochemical signatures of Cambrian-Ordovician rift-related igneous rocks (Ossa-Morena Zone, SW Iberia). Tectonophysics, 365, 233-255.
267. SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ, S., JEFFRIES, T., ARENAS, R., FERNÁNDEZ-SUÁREZ, J. & GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ, R. 2006. A pre-Rodinian ophiolite involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Spain). Journal of the Geological Society, London, 163, 737-740.
268. SANTOS, J. O. S, HARTMANN, L. A., GAUDETTE, H. E., GROVES, D. I., MCNAUGHTON, N. J. & FLETCHER, I. R. 2000. A new understanding of the provinces of the Amazon Craton based on integration of field mapping and U-Pb and Sm-Nd geochronology. Gondwana Research, 3, 453-488.
269. SCHENK, P. E. 1995. Annapolis Belt. In: WILLIAMS, H. (ed.) Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland. The Geology of North America, F-1. Geological Society of America, Bouldes, co, 367-383.
270. SCHENK, P. E. 1997. Sequence stratigraphy and provenance on Gondwana's margin; the Meguma Zone (Cambrian to Devonian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 109, 395-409.
271. SECOR, D., SAMSON, S. L., SNOKE, A. W. & PALMER, A. R. 1983. Confirmation of the Carolina slate belt as an exotic terrane. Science, 221, 649-651.
272. SEGUIN, M., RAO, K. & DEUTSCH, E. 1987. Paleomagnetism and rock magnetism of Early Silurian Dunn Point volcanics, Avalon Zone, Nova Scotia. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 46, 369-380.
273. SHERGOLD, J. H. 1975. Late Cambrian and early Ordovician trilobites from the Burke River structural belt, western Queensland, Australia. Australian Geological Survey, Bureau of Mineral Resources Bulletin, 153.
274. SHERVAIS, J. W., SHELLEY, S. A. & SECOR, D. T., JR 1996. Geochemistry of volcanic rocks of the Carolina and Augusta terranes in central South Carolina: An exotic rifted arc? In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 219-236.
275. SHERVAIS, J., DENNIS, A., MCGEE, J. & SECOR, D. 2003. Deep in the heart of Dixie: pre-Alleghanian eclogite and HP granulite metamorphism in the Carolina terrane, South Carolina, USA. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 21, 65-80.
276. SINTUBIN, M., DEBACKER, T. N. & VERNIERS, J. 2002. The tectonometamorphic history of the Brabant Massif (Belgium); the state of
277. SMITH, G. W. & SOCCI, A. D. 1990. Late Precambrian sedimentary geology of the Boston Basin. In: Socci, A. D., SKEHAN, J. W. & SMITH, G. W. (eds) Geology of the Composite Avalon Terrane of Southern New England. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 245, 75-84.
278. SOLARI, L. A., KEPPIE, J. D., ORTEGA-GUTIÉRREZ, F., CAMERON, K. L., LOPEZ, R. & HAMES, W. E. 2003. 990 and 1100 Ma Grenvillian tectonothermal events in the northern Oaxacan Complex, southern Mexico: roots of an orogen. Tectonophysics, 365, 257-282.
279. SOPER, N. J. & WOODCOCK, N. H. 1990. Silurian collision and sediment dispersal patterns in southern Britain. Geological Magazine, 127, 527-542.
280. SOUR-TOVAR, F., QUIROZ-BARROSO, S. A. & NAVARRO-SANTILLAN, D. 1996. Carboniferous invertebrates from Oaxaca, southern Mexico: mid-continent paleogeographic extension. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 28, A365.
281. STEINER, M. B. & WALKER, J. D. 1996. Late Silurian plutons in Yucatan. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 17727-17735.
282. STERN, R. J. 1994. Arc assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen: Implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 22, 319-351.
283. STEWART, D., TUCKER, R. & WEST, D. 1995. Genesis of Silurian composite terrane in northern Penobscot Bay. In: HUSSEY, A. & JOHNSTON, R. (eds) Guidebook for Field Trips in Southern Maine and Adjacent New Hampshire. New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 87th Annual Meeting, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, A3-1-A3-21.
284. STEWART, D., TUCKER, R., AYUSO, R. & LUX, D. 2001. Minimum age for the Neoproterozozoic Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation and the tectonic setting of the Islesboro Formation, Islesboro block, Maine. Atlantic Geology, 37, 41-59.
285. STEWART, D. B. & TUCKER, R. D. 1998. Geology of the northern Penobscot Bay, Maine. US Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map, I-2551.
286. STEWART, J. H., BLODGETT, R. B., BOUCOT, A. J., CARTER, J. L. & LOPEZ, R. 1999. Exotic Paleozoic strata of Gondwanan provenance near Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. In: RAMOS, V. A. & KEPPIE, J. D. (eds) Laurentia-Gondwana Connections Before Pangea. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 336, 227-252.
287. STRACHAN, R. A. & TAYLOR, G. K. (eds) 1990. Avalonian and Cadomian Geology of the North Atlantic. Blackie, Glasgow.
288. STRACHAN, R. A., TRELOAR, P. J., BROWN, M. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 1989. Cadomian terrane tectonics and magmatism in the Armorican Massif. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 146, 423-426.
289. STRACHAN, R. A., ROACH, R. A. & TRELOAR, P. J. 1990. Cadomian terranes in the North Armorican Massif, France. In: STRACHAN, R. A. & TAYLOR, G. K. (eds) Avalonian and Cadomian Geology of the North Atlantic. Blackie, Glasgow, 65-92.
290. STRACHAN, R. A., D'LEMOS, R. S. & DALLMEYER, R. D. 1996a. Late Precambrian evolution of an active plate margin: North Armorican Massif, France. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 319-332.
291. STRACHAN, R. A., NANCE, R. D., DALLMEYER, R. D., D'LEMOS, R. S., MURPHY, J. B. & WATTS, G. R. 1996b. Late Precambrian tectonothermal evolution of the Malverns Complex. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 589-600.
292. STRACHAN, R. A., COLLINS, A. S., BUCHAN, C., NANCE, R. D., MURPHY, J. B. & D'LEMOS, R. S. 2007. Terrane analysis along a Neoproterozoic active margin of Gondwana: insights from U-Pb zircon geochronology. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 164, 57-60.
293. STRONG, D. F., O'BRIEN, S. J., TAYLOR, S. W., STRONG, P. G. & WILTON, D. H. 1978. Aborted Proterozoic rifting in eastern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15, 117-131.
294. 39Ar age spectrum dating of gabbro plutons and surrounding rocks in the Charlotte belt of North Carolina. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 15, 110.
295. SWINDEN, H. S. & HUNT, P. A. 1991. A U-Pb zircon age from the Connaigre Bay Group, southwestern Avalon Zone, Newfoundland: Implications for regional correlations and metallogenesis. In: Radiometric Age and Isotopic Studies, Report 4. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 90-2, 3-10.
296. SYMONS, D. T. A. & CHIASSON, A. D. 1991. Paleomagnetism of the Callander Complex and the Cambrian apparent polar wander path for North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 355-363.
297. TANCZYK, E. I., LAPOINTE, P., MORRIS, W. A. & SCHMIDT, P. W. 1997. A paleomagnetic study of the layered malic intrusion at Sept-Iles, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 1431-1438.
298. TASSINARI, C. C. G. & MACAMBIRA, M. J. B. 1999. Geochronological provinces of the Amazon Craton. Episodes, 22, 174-182.
299. THEOKRITOFF, G. 1979. Early Cambrian provincialism and biogeographic boundaries in the North Atlantic region. Lethaia, 12, 281-295.
300. THOMPSON, M. D. & BOWRING, S. A. 2000. Age of the Squantum 'Tillite', Boston Basin, Massachusetts: U-Pb zircon constraints on terminal Neoproterozoic glaciation. American Journal of Science, 300, 630-655.
301. THOMPSON, M. D., HERMES, O. D., BOWRING, S. A., ISACHSEN, C. E., BESANCON, J. R. & KELLY, K. L. 1996. Tectonostratigraphic implications of Late Proterozoic U-Pb zircon ages in the Avalon Zone of southeastern New England. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 179-191.
302. THOMPSON, M. D., GRUNOW, A. M. & RAMEZANI, J. 2006. Avalon off North Africa at 595 Ma and other implications of U-Pb geochronology and paleomagnetism in Neoproterozoic rocks around Boston, MA. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 38, 398-399.
303. THOROGOOD, E. J. 1990. Provenance of the pre-Devonian sediments of England and Wales: Sm-Nd isotopic evidence. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 147, 591-594.
304. TOHVER, E., VAN DER PLUIJM, B. A., VAN DER VOO, R., RIZOTTO, G. & SCANDOLARA, J. E. 2002. Paleogeography of the Amazon craton at 1.2 Ga: Early Grenvillian collision with the Llano segment of Laurentia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 199, 185-200.
305. TRENCH, A. & TORSVIK, T. H. 1992. The closure of the Iapetus Ocean and Tornquist Sea: New paleomagnetic constraints. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 149, 867-870.
306. TUCKER, R. D. & PHAROAH, T. C. 1991. U-Pb zircon ages of late Precambrian rocks in southern Britain. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148, 435-443.
307. UGIDOS, J. M., VALLADARES, M. I., BARBA, P. & ELLAM, R. M. 2003. The Upper Neoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain: Chemical and isotopic (Sm-Nd) evidence that the sedimentary succession records an inverted stratigraphy of its source. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67, 2615-2629.
308. USTAÖMER, P. A. 1999. Pre-Early Ordovician Cadomian arc-type granitoids, the Bolu Massif, West Pontides, northern Turkey: geochemical evidence. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 88, 2-12.
309. VALVERDE-VAQUERO, P. & DUNNING, G. R. 2000. New U-Pb ages for Early Ordovician magmatism in Central Spain. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 15-26.
310. VAN DER VELDEN, A. J., VAN STAAL, C. R. & COOK, F. A. 2004. Crustal structure, fossil subduction and the tectonic evolution of the Newfoundland Appalachians: Evidence from a reprocessed seismic reflection survey. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 116, 1485-1498.
311. VAN DER VOO, R. 1988. Paleozoic paleogeography of North America, Gondwana, and intervening displaced terranes: comparisons of paleomagnetism with paleoclimatology and biogeographical patterns. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 311-324.
312. VAN STAAL, C. 1994. Brunswick subduction complex in the Canadian Appalachians: record of the Late Ordovician to Late Silurian collision between Laurentia and the Gander margin of Avalon. Tectonics, 13, 946-962.
313. VAN STAAL, C. R., SULLIVAN, R. W. & WHALEN, J. B. 1996. Provenance and tectonic history of the Gander Margin in the Caledonian /Appalachian Orogen: implications for the origin and assembly of Avalonia. In: NANCE, R. D. & THOMPSON, M. A. (eds) Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 304, 347-367.
314. VAN STAAL, C. R., DEWEY, J. F., MAC NIOCAILL, C. & MCKERROW, S. 1998. The Cambrian-Silurian tectonic evolution of the northern Appalachians: history of a complex, southwest Pacific-type segment of Iapetus. In: BLUNDELL, D. J. & SCOTT, A. C. (eds) Lyell: the Past is the Key to the Present. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 143, 199-242.
315. VICK, H., CHANNFLL, J. & OPDYKE, N. 1987. Ordovician docking of the Carolina slate belt: paleomagnetic data. Tectonics, 6, 573-583.
316. VIDAL, G., PALACIOS, T., GÁMEZ-VINTANED, J. A., DÍEZ BALDA, M. A. & GRANT, S. W. F. 1994. Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian geology and palaeontology of Iberia. Geological Magazine, 131, 729-765.
317. VON RAUMER, J. F., STAMPFLI, G. M., BOREL, G. & Bussy, F. 2002. Organization of pre-Variscan basement areas at the north-Gondwanan margin. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 91, 35-52.
318. WALDRON, J. W. F. 1992. The Goldenville-Halifax transition, Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia: relative sea-level rise in the Meguma source terrane. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 1091-1105.
319. WALDRON, J. W. F., MURPHY, J. B., MELCHIN, M. J. & DAVIS, G. 1996. Silurian tectonics of western valonia: strain-corrected subsidence history of the Arisaig Group, Nova Scotia. Journal of Geology, 104, 677-694.
320. WATTS, M. J. & WILLIAMS, G. D. 1979. Fault rocks as indicators of progressive shear deformation in the Guingamp region, Brittany. Journal of Structural Geology, 1, 323-332.
321. WEBER, B. & KÖHLER, H. 1999. Sm/Nd, Rb/Sr, and U-Pb geochronology of a Grenville terrane in southern Mexico: origin and geologic history of the Guichicovi complex. Precambrian Research, 96, 245-262.
322. WEBSTER, T. L., BARR, S. M. & MURPHY, J. B. 1998. Anatomy of a terrane boundary; an integrated structural, geographic information system, and remote sensing study of the late Paleozoic Avalon-Meguma terrane boundary, mainland Nova Scotia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 35, 787-801.
323. WEIL, A. B., VAN DER VOO, R., MAC NIOCAILL, C. & MEERT, J. G. 1998. The Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia: paleomagnetically derived reconstruction for 1100 to 800 Ma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 154, 13-24.
324. WEIL, A. B., VAN DER VOO, R. & VAN DER PLUIJM, B. 2001. Oroclinal bending and evidence against the Pangea megashear: the Cantabrian-Asturias arc (northern Spain). Geology, 29, 901-904.
325. WENDT, J. I., KRÖNER, A., FIALA, J. & TODT, W. 1993. Evidence from zircon dating for existence of approximately 2.1 Ga old crystalline basement in southern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Geologische Rundschau, 82, 42-50.
326. WHALEN, J. B., JENNER, G. A., CURRIE, K. L., BARR, S. M., LONGSTAFFE, F. J. & HEGNER, E. 1994. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of granitoids of the Avalon Zone, southern New Brunswick: possible evidence of repeated delamination events. Journal of Geology, 102, 269-282.
327. WHALEN, J. B., FYFFE, L. R., LONGSTAFFE, F. J. & JENNER, G. 1996. The position and nature of the Gander-Avalon boundary, southern New Brunswick, based on geochemical and isotopic data from granitoid rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 129-139.
328. WHALEN, J. B., MCNICOLL, V. J., VAN STAAL, C. R., LISSENBERG, C. J., LONGSTAFFE, F. J., JENNER, G. A. & VAN BREEMAN, O. 2006. Spatial, temporal and geochemical characteristics of Silurian collision-zone magmatism, Newfoundland Appalachians: An example of a rapidly evolving magmatic system related to slab break-off. Lithos, 89, 377-404.
329. WHITE, C., BARR, S., BEVIER, M. & KAMO, S. 1994. A revised interpretation of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the Bourinot belt of central Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Atlantic Geology, 30, 123-142.
330. WHITE, C. E., BARR, S. M., MILLER, B. V. & HAMILTON, M. A. 2002. Granitoid plutons of the Brookville terrane, southern New Brunswick: petrology, age, and tectonic setting. Atlantic Geology, 38, 53-74.
331. WHITE, C. E., BARR, S. M. & TOOLE, R. M. 2006. New insights on the origin of the Meguma Group in south-western Nova Scotia, Canada. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 38, 9.
332. WINGATE, M. T. D. & GIDDINGS, J. W. 2000. Age and paleomagnetism of the Mundine Well dyke system, Western Australia: implications for Australia-Laurentia connection at 755 Ma. Precambrian Research, 100, 335-357.
333. WORTMAN, G. L., SAMSON, S. D. & HIBBARD, S. D. 2000. Precise U-Pb zircon constraints on the earliest magmatic history of the Carolina terrane. Journal of Geology, 108, 321-338.
334. WRIGHT, J. & SEIDERS, V. 1980. Age of zircon from volcanic rocks of the central North Carolina Piedmont and tectonic implications for the Carolina volcanic slate belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 91, 287-294.
335. ZULAUF, G., DÖRR, W., FIALA, J. & VEJNAR, Z. 1997. Late Cadomian crustal tilting and Cambrian transtension in the Teplá-Barrandian unit (Bohemian Massif, Central European Variscides). Geologische Rundschau, 86, 571-584.
336. ZULAUF, G., SCHITTER, F., RIEGLER, G., FINGER, F., FIALA, J. & VEJNAR, Z. 1999. Age constraints on the Cadomian evolution of the Teplá-Barrandian unit (Bohemian Massif) through electron microprobe dating of metamorphic monazite. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 150, 627-639.