메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 94-106

Body satisfaction in gym-active males: An exploration of sexuality, gender, and narcissism

Author keywords

Body satisfaction; Exercise; Gay and straight men; Masculinity; Narcissism

Indexed keywords


EID: 47249159388     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-008-9416-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC
    • American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    • (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III
  • 4
    • 47249115943 scopus 로고
    • Under pressure: What the media is doing to men
    • November
    • Baker, P. (1994). Under pressure: What the media is doing to men. Cosmopolitan, November, 129-132.
    • (1994) Cosmopolitan , pp. 129-132
    • Baker, P.1
  • 5
    • 84991814767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyhood gender nonconformity: Reported parental behavior and the development of narcissistic issues
    • Beard, A. J., & Bakeman, R. (2000). Boyhood gender nonconformity: Reported parental behavior and the development of narcissistic issues. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 4, 81-97.
    • (2000) Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy , vol.4 , pp. 81-97
    • Beard, A.J.1    Bakeman, R.2
  • 8
    • 0018088925 scopus 로고
    • Sex role conformity in homosexual and heterosexual males
    • Bernard, L. C., & Epstein, D. J. (1978). Sex role conformity in homosexual and heterosexual males. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 505-511.
    • (1978) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.42 , pp. 505-511
    • Bernard, L.C.1    Epstein, D.J.2
  • 10
    • 1542395656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender schema and gender role discrepancy as correlates of body image
    • Borchert, J., & Heinberg, L. (1996). Gender schema and gender role discrepancy as correlates of body image. Journal of Psychology, 130, 547-559.
    • (1996) Journal of Psychology , vol.130 , pp. 547-559
    • Borchert, J.1    Heinberg, L.2
  • 11
    • 0036199522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and sexual orientation as moderators of body image disturbance and eating disorders in males
    • Boroughs, M., & Thompson, J. K. (2002). Exercise and sexual orientation as moderators of body image disturbance and eating disorders in males. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 307-311.
    • (2002) International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.31 , pp. 307-311
    • Boroughs, M.1    Thompson, J.K.2
  • 12
    • 0029551470 scopus 로고
    • The construct validity of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory for heterosexual and gay men
    • Chung, Y. B. (1995). The construct validity of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory for heterosexual and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 30, 87-97.
    • (1995) Journal of Homosexuality , vol.30 , pp. 87-97
    • Chung, Y.B.1
  • 13
    • 11944272254 scopus 로고
    • A power primer
    • Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 155-159
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 15
    • 0028902005 scopus 로고
    • Effects of body image on dieting, exercise, and anabolic steroid use in adolescent males
    • Drewnowski, A., Kurth, C. L., & Krahn, D. D. (1995). Effects of body image on dieting, exercise, and anabolic steroid use in adolescent males. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 381-389.
    • (1995) International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.7 , pp. 381-389
    • Drewnowski, A.1    Kurth, C.L.2    Krahn, D.D.3
  • 16
    • 0023607617 scopus 로고
    • Men and body image: Are males satisfied with their body weight?
    • Drewnowski, A., & Yee, D. K. (1987). Men and body image: Are males satisfied with their body weight? Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, 626-634.
    • (1987) Psychosomatic Medicine , vol.49 , pp. 626-634
    • Drewnowski, A.1    Yee, D.K.2
  • 18
    • 9144259226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image, eating disorders, and the drive for muscularity in gay and heterosexual men: The influence of media images
    • Duggan, S. J., & McCreary, D. R. (2004). Body image, eating disorders, and the drive for muscularity in gay and heterosexual men: The influence of media images. Journal of Homosexuality, 47, 45-58.
    • (2004) Journal of Homosexuality , vol.47 , pp. 45-58
    • Duggan, S.J.1    McCreary, D.R.2
  • 20
    • 0022372774 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in perceptions of desirable body shape
    • Fallon, A. E., & Rozin, P. (1985). Sex differences in perceptions of desirable body shape. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 102-105.
    • (1985) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 102-105
    • Fallon, A.E.1    Rozin, P.2
  • 21
    • 84948889428 scopus 로고
    • The Body Esteem Scale: A convergent and discriminant validity study
    • Franzoi, S. L., & Herzog, M. E. (1986). The Body Esteem Scale: A convergent and discriminant validity study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50, 24-31.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.50 , pp. 24-31
    • Franzoi, S.L.1    Herzog, M.E.2
  • 22
    • 0021207060 scopus 로고
    • The Body Esteem Scale: Multidimensional structure and sex differences in a college population
    • Franzoi, S. L., & Shields, S. A. (1984). The Body Esteem Scale: Multidimensional structure and sex differences in a college population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 173-178.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.48 , pp. 173-178
    • Franzoi, S.L.1    Shields, S.A.2
  • 23
    • 0031165748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks
    • Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women quarterly, 21, 207-226.
    • (1997) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 207-226
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Roberts, T.A.2
  • 24
    • 33845434257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender role development and body image among male and female first year college students
    • Gillen, M. M., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2006). Gender role development and body image among male and female first year college students. Sex Roles, 55, 25-37.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.55 , pp. 25-37
    • Gillen, M.M.1    Lefkowitz, E.S.2
  • 25
    • 28544452564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculinity, body image, and sexual behaviour in HIV-seropositive gay men: A two phase formative behavioural investigation using the Internet
    • Halkitis, P. N., Green, K. A., & Wilton, L. (2004). Masculinity, body image, and sexual behaviour in HIV-seropositive gay men: A two phase formative behavioural investigation using the Internet. International Journal of Men's Health, 3, 27-42.
    • (2004) International Journal of Men's Health , vol.3 , pp. 27-42
    • Halkitis, P.N.1    Green, K.A.2    Wilton, L.3
  • 26
    • 16544391357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body-image dissatisfaction in gay versus heterosexual men: Is there really a difference?
    • Hausman, A., Magweth, B., Walch, T., Rupp, C. I., & Pope, H. G. (2004). Body-image dissatisfaction in gay versus heterosexual men: Is there really a difference? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 1555-1558.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 1555-1558
    • Hausman, A.1    Magweth, B.2    Walch, T.3    Rupp, C.I.4    Pope, H.G.5
  • 27
    • 0001055521 scopus 로고
    • Desirable and undesirable masculine and feminine traits in relation to student's dieting tendencies and body image dissatisfaction
    • Hawkins, R. C., Turell, S., & Jackson, L. J. (1983). Desirable and undesirable masculine and feminine traits in relation to student's dieting tendencies and body image dissatisfaction. Sex Roles, 9, 705-718.
    • (1983) Sex Roles , vol.9 , pp. 705-718
    • Hawkins, R.C.1    Turell, S.2    Jackson, L.J.3
  • 29
    • 0023372995 scopus 로고
    • Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect
    • Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , pp. 319-340
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 31
    • 18144408401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image, eating behaviours, and attitudes towards exercise among gay and straight men
    • Kaminski, P. L., Chapman, B. P., Haynes, S. D., & Own, L. (2005). Body image, eating behaviours, and attitudes towards exercise among gay and straight men. Eating Behaviors, 6, 179-187.
    • (2005) Eating Behaviors , vol.6 , pp. 179-187
    • Kaminski, P.L.1    Chapman, B.P.2    Haynes, S.D.3    Own, L.4
  • 32
    • 84977014272 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of androgynous, feminine, masculine, and undifferentiated women on self-esteem, body satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction
    • Kimlicka, T., Cross, H., & Tarnai, J. (1983). A comparison of androgynous, feminine, masculine, and undifferentiated women on self-esteem, body satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 7, 291-294.
    • (1983) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 291-294
    • Kimlicka, T.1    Cross, H.2    Tarnai, J.3
  • 33
    • 47249136795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image dissatisfaction and drive for masculinity in gay men: An at risk group?
    • King, R., & Fletcher, C. (2003). Body image dissatisfaction and drive for masculinity in gay men: An at risk group? Australian Journal of Psychology-Supplement, 55, 189-189.
    • (2003) Australian Journal of Psychology-Supplement , vol.55 , pp. 189-189
    • King, R.1    Fletcher, C.2
  • 35
    • 0033163866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of sexual orientation and gender-related traits in disordered eating
    • Lakkis, J., Ricciardelli, L. A., & Williams, R. J. (1999). Role of sexual orientation and gender-related traits in disordered eating. Sex Roles, 41, 1-16.
    • (1999) Sex Roles , vol.41 , pp. 1-16
    • Lakkis, J.1    Ricciardelli, L.A.2    Williams, R.J.3
  • 36
    • 33344455398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising the bar on the body beautiful: An analysis of the body image concerns of homosexual men
    • Levesque, M. J., & Vichesky, D. R. (2006). Raising the bar on the body beautiful: An analysis of the body image concerns of homosexual men. Body Image, 3, 45-55.
    • (2006) Body Image , vol.3 , pp. 45-55
    • Levesque, M.J.1    Vichesky, D.R.2
  • 37
    • 0031497363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of sexual orientation and its relation to masculinity, femininity, and gender diagnosticity: Different for men and women?
    • Lippa, R., & Arad, S. (1997). The structure of sexual orientation and its relation to masculinity, femininity, and gender diagnosticity: Different for men and women? Sex Roles, 37, 187-208.
    • (1997) Sex Roles , vol.37 , pp. 187-208
    • Lippa, R.1    Arad, S.2
  • 39
    • 9444279659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between exercise motives and psychological well-being
    • Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise motives and psychological well-being. Journal of Psychology, 135, 651-661.
    • (2001) Journal of Psychology , vol.135 , pp. 651-661
    • Maltby, J.1    Day, L.2
  • 41
    • 17744391307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The drive for muscularity and masculinity: Testing the associations among gender role traits, behaviours, attitudes, and conflict
    • McCreary, D. R., Saucier, D. M., & Courtenay, W. H. (2005). The drive for muscularity and masculinity: Testing the associations among gender role traits, behaviours, attitudes, and conflict. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 6, 83-94.
    • (2005) Psychology of Men and Masculinity , vol.6 , pp. 83-94
    • McCreary, D.R.1    Saucier, D.M.2    Courtenay, W.H.3
  • 43
    • 12144268715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does body satisfaction differ between gay men and lesbian women and heterosexual men and women? A meta-analytic review
    • Morrison, M. A., Morrison, T. G., & Sager, C. (2004). Does body satisfaction differ between gay men and lesbian women and heterosexual men and women? A meta-analytic review. Body Image, 1, 127-138.
    • (2004) Body Image , vol.1 , pp. 127-138
    • Morrison, M.A.1    Morrison, T.G.2    Sager, C.3
  • 44
    • 3042811455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression and eating disorder symptoms
    • Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G., Borowiecki, J. J., & Cohane, G. H. (2004). Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression and eating disorder symptoms. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 5, 112-120.
    • (2004) Psychology of Men and Masculinity , vol.5 , pp. 112-120
    • Olivardia, R.1    Pope, H.G.2    Borowiecki, J.J.3    Cohane, G.H.4
  • 47
    • 0018528365 scopus 로고
    • A narcissistic personality inventory
    • Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.
    • (1979) Psychological Reports , vol.45 , pp. 590
    • Raskin, R.1    Hall, C.S.2
  • 48
    • 0024004572 scopus 로고
    • A principle-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity
    • Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principle-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890-902.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 890-902
    • Raskin, R.1    Terry, H.2
  • 49
    • 0036196579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homosexuality as a specific risk factor for eating disorders in men
    • Russell, C. J., & Keel, P. K. (2002). Homosexuality as a specific risk factor for eating disorders in men. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 300-306.
    • (2002) International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.31 , pp. 300-306
    • Russell, C.J.1    Keel, P.K.2
  • 50
    • 0029937663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social physique anxiety, body esteem, and social anxiety in bodybuilders and self reported anabolic steroid users
    • Schwerin, M. J., Corcoran, K. J., Fisher, L., Patterson, D., Askew, W., Olrich, T., et al. (1996). Social physique anxiety, body esteem, and social anxiety in bodybuilders and self reported anabolic steroid users. Addictive Behaviors, 21, 1-8.
    • (1996) Addictive Behaviors , vol.21 , pp. 1-8
    • Schwerin, M.J.1    Corcoran, K.J.2    Fisher, L.3    Patterson, D.4    Askew, W.5    Olrich, T.6
  • 51
    • 0028198631 scopus 로고
    • Sexual orientation and gender as factors in socioculturally acquired vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders
    • Siever, M. (1994). Sexual orientation and gender as factors in socioculturally acquired vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 252-260.
    • (1994) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 252-260
    • Siever, M.1
  • 53
    • 34250086845 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and psychological implications of body dissatisfaction: Do men and women differ?
    • Silberstein, L. R., Striegel-Moore, R. H., Timko, C., & Rodin, J. (1988). Behavioral and psychological implications of body dissatisfaction: Do men and women differ? Sex Roles, 19, 219-232.
    • (1988) Sex Roles , vol.19 , pp. 219-232
    • Silberstein, L.R.1    Striegel-Moore, R.H.2    Timko, C.3    Rodin, J.4
  • 54
    • 0022565226 scopus 로고
    • The body politic: Normal female adolescent development and the development of eating disorders
    • Steiner-Adair, C. (1986). The body politic: Normal female adolescent development and the development of eating disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 14, 95-114.
    • (1986) Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis , vol.14 , pp. 95-114
    • Steiner-Adair, C.1
  • 55
    • 28844443979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for exercise and body esteem: Men's responses to self-objectification
    • Strelan, P., & Hargreaves, D. (2005). Reasons for exercise and body esteem: Men's responses to self-objectification. Sex Roles, 53, 495-503.
    • (2005) Sex Roles , vol.53 , pp. 495-503
    • Strelan, P.1    Hargreaves, D.2
  • 56
    • 0034288779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood gender nonconformity and body dissatisfaction in gay and heterosexual men
    • Strong, S. M., Singh, D., & Randall, P. K. (2000). Childhood gender nonconformity and body dissatisfaction in gay and heterosexual men. Sex Roles, 43, 427-439.
    • (2000) Sex Roles , vol.43 , pp. 427-439
    • Strong, S.M.1    Singh, D.2    Randall, P.K.3
  • 57
    • 0034195362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eating disorder symptoms and concerns about body differ as a function of gender and sexual orientation
    • Strong, S. M., Williamson, D. A., Netemeyer, R. G., & Geer, J. H. (2000). Eating disorder symptoms and concerns about body differ as a function of gender and sexual orientation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 240-255.
    • (2000) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 240-255
    • Strong, S.M.1    Williamson, D.A.2    Netemeyer, R.G.3    Geer, J.H.4
  • 58
    • 0034214628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of exercise on body satisfaction and self-esteem as a function of gender and age
    • Tiggemann, M., & Williamson, S. (2000). The effect of exercise on body satisfaction and self-esteem as a function of gender and age. Sex Roles, 43, 119-127.
    • (2000) Sex Roles , vol.43 , pp. 119-127
    • Tiggemann, M.1    Williamson, S.2
  • 59
    • 0032343665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differenced in the structure of narcissism: A multi-sample analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
    • Tschanz, B. T., Morf, C. C., & Turner, C. W. (1998). Gender differenced in the structure of narcissism: A multi-sample analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Sex Roles, 38, 863-870.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , pp. 863-870
    • Tschanz, B.T.1    Morf, C.C.2    Turner, C.W.3
  • 60
    • 0000811330 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism, sex roles, and self-functioning
    • Watson, P. J., Taylor, D., & Morris, R. J. (1987). Narcissism, sex roles, and self-functioning. Sex Roles, 16, 335-349.
    • (1987) Sex Roles , vol.16 , pp. 335-349
    • Watson, P.J.1    Taylor, D.2    Morris, R.J.3
  • 61
    • 0031792758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British research into the increased vulnerability of young gay men to eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction
    • Williamson, I., & Hartley, P. (1998). British research into the increased vulnerability of young gay men to eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction. European Eating Disorder Review, 6, 160-170.
    • (1998) European Eating Disorder Review , vol.6 , pp. 160-170
    • Williamson, I.1    Hartley, P.2
  • 62
    • 47249104551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are more men having cosmetic surgery?
    • 18 February
    • Wilson, E. (1997). Why are more men having cosmetic surgery? The Express, 18 February, 48-49.
    • (1997) The Express , pp. 48-49
    • Wilson, E.1
  • 63
    • 0007131983 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire: A new measure of body image
    • Paper presented New Orleans, LA
    • Winstead, B. A., & Cash, T. F. (1984). Reliability and validity of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire: A new measure of body image. Paper presented at the meeting of the south eastern Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
    • (1984) Meeting of the South Eastern Psychological Association
    • Winstead, B.A.1    Cash, T.F.2
  • 64
    • 33847298759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gay male gaze: Body image disturbance and gender oppression among gay men
    • Wood, M. J. (2004). The gay male gaze: Body image disturbance and gender oppression among gay men. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Services, 17, 43-62.
    • (2004) Journal of Gay and Lesbian Services , vol.17 , pp. 43-62
    • Wood, M.J.1
  • 65
    • 0038756486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscularity and the gay ideal: Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in homosexual men
    • Yelland, C., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Muscularity and the gay ideal: Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in homosexual men. Eating Behaviors, 4, 107-116.
    • (2003) Eating Behaviors , vol.4 , pp. 107-116
    • Yelland, C.1    Tiggemann, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.