Craddock & Owen vs Kraepelin: 85 years late, mesmerised by "polygenes"

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 103, Issue 1-3, 2008, Pages 156-160

  Crow, T J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bipolar; Continuum; Dichotomy; Epigenetic; Kraepelin; Manic depressive; Psychosis; Schizoaffective; Schizophrenia; Spatial; Verbal

Indexed keywords

BIPOLAR DISORDER; DNA SEQUENCE; EPIGENETICS; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

BASE SEQUENCE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; LINKAGE (GENETICS); MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TWIN STUDIES AS TOPIC;

EID: 47249128993     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Angst J., Felder W., and Lohmeyer B. Schizoaffective disorders. I. Results of a genetic investigation. Journal of Affective Disorders 1 (1979) 139-153
2. Angst J., Frey R., Lohmeyer B., et al. Bipolar manic-depressive psychoses: results of a genetic investigation. Human Genetics 55 (1980) 237-254
3. Angst J., Scharfetter C., and Stassen H.H. Classification of schizo-affective patients by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Psychiatry Clinician 16 (1983) 254-264
4. Brockington I.F. Rethinking psychosis. World Psychiatry 6 (2007) 31-32
5. Brockington I.F., Kendell R.E., Wainwright S., et al. The distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 135 (1979) 243-248
6. Craddock N.J., and Owen M.J. The beginning of the end for the Kraepelinian dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry 186 (2005) 364-366
7. Craddock N.J., and Owen M.J. Rethinking psychosis: the disadvantages of a dichotomous classification now outweigh the advantages. World Psychiatry 6 (2007) 20-27
8. Crow T.J. Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process?. British Medical Journal 280 (1980) 66-68
9. Crow T.J. The continuum of psychosis and its genetic origins. The sixty-fifth Maudsley lecture. British Journal of Psychiatry 156 (1990) 788-797
10. Crow T.J. Constraints on concepts of pathogenesis: language and the speciation process as the key to the etiology of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 52 (1995) 1011-1014
11. Crow T.J. A continuum of psychosis, one human gene and not much else - the case for homogeneity. Schizophrenia Research 17 (1995) 135-145
12. Crow T.J. From Kraepelin to Kretschmer leavened by K Schneider: the transition from categories of psychosis to dimensions of variation intrinsic to Homo sapiens. Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (1998) 502-504
13. Crow T.J. Schizophrenia as the price that Homo sapiens pays for language: a resolution of the central paradox in the origin of the species. Brain Research Reviews 31 (2000) 118-129
14. Crow T.J. Handedness, language lateralisation and anatomical asymmetry: relevance of protocadherinXY to hominid speciation and the aetiology of psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 181 (2002) 295-297
15. Crow T.J. Cerebral asymmetry and the lateralization of language: core deficits in schizophrenia as pointers to the gene. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 17 (2004) 97-106
16. Crow T.J. How and why genetic linkage has not solved the problem of psychosis: review and hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry 164 (2007) 13-21
17. Crow T.J., Ball J., Bloom S.R., et al. Schizophrenia as an anomaly of development of cerebral asymmetry. A postmortem study and a proposal concerning the genetic basis of the disease. Archives of General Psychiatry 46 (1989) 1145-1150
18. DeLisi L.E., and Murray R.M. New genetic studies in schizophrenia research. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress of Biological Psychiatry (1985), Philadelphia
19. DeLisi L.E., Mirsky A.F., Buchsbaum M.S., et al. The Genain quadruplets 25 years later - a diagnostic and biochemical follow-up. Psychiatry Research 13 (1984) 59-76
20. Endicott J., Nee J., Fleiss J., et al. Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia: reliabilities and agreement between systems. Archives of General Psychiatry 39 (1982) 884-889
21. Flor-Henry P. Cerebral Basis of Psychopathology (1983), John Wright, Boston
22. Gershon E.S., and Cloninger C.R. Genetic Approaches to Mental Disorders. 1st edn (1994), American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, D.C.
23. Gershon E.S., Hamovit J., Guroff J.J., et al. A family study of schizo-affective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar and normal control patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 39 (1982) 1157-1167
24. Gershon E.S., DeLisi L.E., Hamovit J., et al. A controlled family study of chronic psychoses: schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 45 (1988) 328-336
25. Kasanin J. The acute schizo-affective psychoses. American Journal of Psychiatry 90 (1933) 97-126
26. Kendell R.E., and Brockington I.F. The identification of disease entities and the relationship between affective and schizophrenic psychoses. British Journal of Psychiatry 137 (1980) 324-331
27. Kendell R.E., and Gourlay J. The clinical distinction between the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 117 (1970) 261-266
28. Kendler K.S., McGuire M., Gruenberg A.M., et al. The Roscommon family study I. Methods, diagnosis of probands, and risk of schizophrenia in relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry 50 (1993) 527-540
29. In: Kerr T.A., and McClelland H.A. (Eds). Concepts of Mental Disorders: A Continuing Debate (1991), Gaskell, London
30. Kraepelin, E. 1920. Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins (translated by H Marshall as: Patterns of mental disorder. In: Themes and Variations in European Psychiatry. Eds S.R. Hirsch & M. Shepherd. Wright, Bristol, pp7-30, l974). Zeitschrift Gesamte Neurologie Psychiatrie, vol. 62, 1-29.
31. Maier W., Lichtermann D., Minges J., et al. Continuity and discontinuity of affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 50 (1993) 871-883
32. Malaspina D. Paternal factors and schizophrenia risk: de novo mutations and imprinting. Schizophrenia Bulletin 27 (2001) 379-393
33. Marneros A. Beyond the Kraepelinian dichotomy: acute and transient psychotic disorders and the necessity for clinical differentiation. British Journal of Psychiatry 189 (2006) 1-2
34. Marneros A., Andreasen N.C., and Tsuang M.T. Negative Versus Positive Schizophrenia. 1st edition (1991), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
35. Marneros A., Andreasen N.C., Tsuang M.T., et al. Psychotic Continuum (1995), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
36. McGuffin P., Reveley A., and Holland A. Identical triplets, non-identical psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 140 (1982) 1-6
37. Odegaard O. The multifactorial inheritance of predisposition to schizophrenia. In: Kaplan A.R. (Ed). Genetic Factors in 'Schizophrenia' (1972), mas., Springfield, Illinois 256-275
38. Penrose L.S. Survey of cases of familial mental illness. European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience 240 (1991) 315-324
39. Peralta V., and Cuesta M.J. A dimensional and categorical architecture for the classification of psychotic disorders. World Psychiatry 6 (2007) 36-37
40. Peters M., Reimers S., and Manning J.T. Hand preference for writing and associations with selected demographic and behavioral variables in 255,100 subjects: the BBC internet study. Brain and Cognition 62 (2006) 177-189
41. Raschka L.B. Parental age and schizophrenia. Magyar Andrologia 3/2 (1998) 47-50
42. Reveley M.A., Reveley A.M., and Baldy R. Left hemisphere hypodensity in discordant schizophrenic twins: a controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry 44 (1987) 625-632
43. Stassen H.H., Scharfetter C., Winokur G., et al. Familial syndrome patterns in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mania, and depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Science 237 (1988) 115-123
44. Taylor M.A., Berenbaum S.A., Jampala V.C., et al. Are schizophrenia and affective disorder related? Preliminary data from a family study. American Journal of Psychiatry 150 (1993) 278-285
45. Tsuang M.T. Schizo-affective disorder: dead or alive?. Archives of General Psychiatry 36 (1979) 633-634
46. Williams N.A., Close J., Giouzeli M., et al. Accelerated evolution of Protocadherin11X/Y: a candidate gene-pair for cerebral asymmetry and language. American Journal of Medical Genetics B Neuropsychiatric Genetics 141 (2006) 623-633