Injecting and noninjecting heroin administration: Transitions and treatment outcomes across 36 months

Journal of Drug Issues

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 543-558

  Darke, Shane ^a   Ross, Joanne ^a   Williamson, Anna ^b   Mills, Katherine L ^a   Havard, Alys ^a   Teesson, Maree ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 47249102195     PISSN: 00220426     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002204260803800208     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Barrio, G., de la Fuente, L., Lew, C., Royuela, L., Bravo, M.J., & Torrens, M. 2001 Differences in severity of heroin dependence by route of administration: the importance of length of heroin use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 63, 169-177.
2. Buster, M.C.A., Rook, L., van Brussel, H.A., van Ree, J., & van den Brink, W. 2002 Chasing the dragon related to impaired lung function among heroin users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68, 221-228.
3. Carpenter, M.J., Chutuape, M.A., & Stitzer, M.L. 1998 Heroin snorters versus injectors: Comparison on drug use and treatment outcome in age-matched samples. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 53, 11-15.
4. Darke, S. 1998 Self-report among injecting drug users: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 253-263.
5. Darke, S., Cohen, J., Ross, J., Hando, J., & Hall, W. 1994 Transitions between routes of administration of regular amphetamine users. Addiction, 89, 1077-1083.
6. Darke, S., Degenhardt, L., & Mattick, R. 2007 Mortality amongst illicit drug users: epidemiology, causes and intervention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Darke, S., Hall, W., Heather, N., Wodak, A., & Ward, J. 1992 Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument for assessing outcome of treatment among opioid users: The Opiate Treatment Index. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 593-602.
8. Darke, S., Hetherington, K., Ross, J., Lynskey, M., & Teesson, M. 2004 Non-injecting routes of administration among entrants to three treatment modalities for heroin dependence. Drug and Alcohol Review, 23, 177-183.
9. Darke, S., & Ross, J. 2000 Fatal heroin overdoses resulting from non-injecting routes of administration, NSW, Australia, 1992-1996. Addiction, 95, 596-599.
10. Darke, S., Ross, J., Mills, K.L., Williamson, A., Havard, A., & Teesson, M. 2007 Patterns of sustained heroin abstinence amongst long-term, dependent heroin users: 36 months findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS). Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1897-1906.
11. Darke, S., Ross, J., & Teesson, M. 2005 Twelve month outcomes for heroin dependence treatments: Does route of administration matter? Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 165-171.
12. Fuller, C.M., Vlahov, D., Ompad, D.C., Shah, N., Arria, A., & Strathdee, S.A. 2002 High-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case-control study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 66, 189-198.
13. Gossop, M., Griffiths, P., Powis, B., Williamson, S., & Strang, J. 1996 Frequency of non-fatal heroin overdose: Survey of heroin users recruited in non-clinical settings. British Medical Journal, 313, 402.
14. Hunt, N., Griffiths, P., Southwell, M., Stillwell, G., & Strang, J. 1999 Preventing and curtailing injecting drug use: A review of opportunities for developing and delivering 'route transition interventions'. Drug and Alcohol Review, 18, 441-445.
15. Kriegstein, A.R., Shungu, D.C., Millar, W.S., Armitage, B.A., Brust, J.C., Chillrud, S., Goldman, J., & Lynch, T. 1999 Leukoencephalopathy and raised brain lactate from heroin vapor inhalation ("chasing the dragon"). Neurology, 53, 1765-1773.
16. Neaigus, A., Gyermathy, A., Miller, M., Frajzngier, V.M., Friedman, S.R., & Des Jarlais, D.C. 2006 Transitions to injecting drug use amongst noninjecting heroin users. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 41, 493-503.
17. Neaigus, A., Miller, M., Friedman, S., Hagen, D.L., Sifaneck, S.J., Ildefonso, G., & Des Jarlais, D.C. 2001 Potential risk factors for the transition to injecting among non-injecting heroin users: A comparison of former injectors and never injectors. Addiction, 96, 847-860.
18. Perez-Jimenez, J.P., & Robert, M.S. 1997 Transitions in the route of heroin use. European Addiction Research, 3, 93-98.
19. Pirkis, J., Burgess, P., & Dunt, D. 2000 Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Australian adults. Crisis, 21, 16-25.
20. Ross, J., Teesson, M., Darke, S., Lynskey, M., Ali, R., Ritter, A., & Cooke, R. 2006 Short-term outcomes for the treatment of heroin dependence: Findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS). Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment, 5, 133-144.
21. Smyth, B.P., O'Brien, M., & Barry, J. 2000 Trends in treated opiate misuse in Dublin: The emergence of chasing the dragon. Addiction, 95, 1217-1223.
22. SPSS Inc. 2005 SPSS for Windows, 14.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
23. Strang, J., Griffiths, P., Powis, B., Abbey, J., & Gossop, M. 1997 How constant is an individual's route of heroin administration? Data from treatment and nontreatment samples. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 46, 115-118.
24. Strang, J., Griffiths, P., Powis, B., & Gossop, M. 1999 Heroin chasers and heroin injectors: Differences observed in a community sample in London, UK. American Journal of the Addictions, 8, 148-160.
25. Swift, W., Maher, L., Sunjic, S., & Doan, V. 1999 Transitions between routes of heroin administration: A study of Caucasian and Indochinese heroin users in Southwestern Sydney, Australia. Addiction, 94, 71-82.
26. Thiblin, I., Eksborg, S., Peterson, A., Fugelstad, A., & Rajs, J. 2004 Fatal intoxication as a consequence of intranasal administration (snorting) or pulmonary (smoking) of heroin. Forensic Science International, 139, 241-247.
27. Ware, J.E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S.D. 1996 A12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales, and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34, 220-233.
28. Welp, E.A.E., Bosman, I., Langedam, M.W., Totte, M., Maes, R.A.A., & van Ameijden, E.J.C. 2003 Amount of self-reported illicit drug use compared to quantitative hair test results in community-recruited young drug users in Amsterdam. Addiction, 98, 987-994.
29. World Health Organization 1997 Composite International Diagnostic Interview (version 2.1). Vienna: World Health Organization.