Brain Evolution

The Human Nervous System: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 3-21

  Striedter, Georg F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 47249084577     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012547626-3/50002-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (202)

1. Aboitiz F., Garciá R. The evolutionary origin of the language areas in the human brain. A neuroanatomical perspective. Brain REs. Rev. 1997, 25:381-396.
2. Alberch P. Ontogenies and morphological diversification. Amer. Zool. 1980, 20:653-667.
3. Allman J., McLaughlin T., Hakeem A. Brain weight and life-span in primate species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1993, 90:118-122.
4. Alvarez-Bolado G., Rosenfeld M.G., Swanson L.W. Model of forebrain regionalization based on spatiotemporal patterns of POU-III homeobox gene expression, birthdates, and morphological features. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 355:237-295.
5. Armstrong E. Mosaic evolution in the primate brain: differences and similarities in the hominoid thalamus. Primate brain evolution 1982, 131-161. Plenum. E. Armstrong, D. Falk (Eds.).
6. Armstrong E. Relative brain size in monkeys and prosimians. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1985, 66:263-273.
7. Asanuma C., Stanfield B.B. Induction of somatic-sensory inputs to the lateral geniculate nucleus in congenitally blind mice and in phenotypically normal mice. Neurosci. 1990, 39:533-545.
8. Bass A.H., Baker R. Phenotypic specification of hindbrain rhombomeres and the origins of rhythmic circuits in vertebrates. Brain Behav. Evol. 1997, 50(suppl 1):3-16.
9. Bauchot R., Randall J.E., Ridet J.-M., Bauchot M.-L. Encephalization in tropical teleost fishes and comparison with their mode of life. J. Hirnforsch. 1989, 30:645-669.
10. Bemis W.E. Paedomorphosis and the evolution of the Dipnoi. Paeobiol. 1984, 10:293-307.
11. Bergquist H., Källén B. Notes on the early histogenesis and morphogenesis of the central nervous system in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 1954, 100:627-659.
12. Bowler J.P. The non-Darwinian revolution: reinterpreting a historical myth 1988, Johns Hopkins University Press, New York.
13. Brodmann K. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues 1909, Barth, Baltimore.
14. Butler A.B., Hodos W. Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy 1996, Wiley-Liss, Leipzig.
15. Machiavellian intelligence: social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes and humans 1988, Oxford University Press, New York. R.W. Byrne, A. Whiten (Eds.).
16. Campbell C.B.G., Hodos W. The scala naturae revisited: evolutionary scales and anagenesis in comparative psychology. J. Comp. Psych. 1991, 105:211-221.
17. Cartmill M. Human uniqueness and theoretical content in paleoanthropology. Int. J. Primatol. 1990, 11:173-192.
18. Caviness V.S.J., Takahashi T., Nowakowski R.S. Numbers, time and neocortical neuronogenesis: a general developmental and evolutionary model. Trends Neurosci. 1995, 18:379-383.
19. Clutton-Brock T.H., Harvey P.H. Primates, brains and ecology. J. Zool. Lond. 1980, 190:309-323.
20. Conturo T.E., Lori N.F., Cull T.S., Akbudak E., Snyder A.Z., Shimony J.S., McKinstry R.C., Burton H., Raichle M.E. Tracking neuronal fiber pathways in the living human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:10422-10427.
21. Cooper H.M., Herbin M., Nevo E. Visual system of a naturally micropthalmic mammal: the blind mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 328:313-350.
22. Cooper H.M., Herbin M., Nevo E. Ocular regression conceals adaptive progression of the visual system in a blind subterranean mammal. Nature 1993, 361:156-159.
23. Cosans C. Anatomy, metaphysics, and values: the ape brain debate reconsidered. Biology and Philosophy 1994, 9:129-165.
24. Count E.W. Brain and body weight in man: their antecedents in growth and evolution. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1947, 46:993-1122.
25. Darwin C.R. On the origin of species by means of natural selection 1859, Murray, Oxford.
26. Davenne M., Maconochie M.K., Neun R., Pattyn A., Chambon P., Krumlauf R., Rijli F.M. Hoxa2 and Hoxb2 control dorsoventral patterns of neuronal development in the rostral hindbrain. Neuron 1999, 22:677-691.
27. Deacon T.W. The neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language. Human Evol. 1989, 4:367-401.
28. Deacon T.W. Rethinking mammalian brain evolution. Amer. Zool. 1990, 30:629-705.
29. Deacon T.W. Fallacies of progression in theories of brainsize evolution. Int. J. Primatol. 1990, 11:193-236.
30. Deacon T.W. Problems of ontogeny and phylogeny in brain size evolution. Int. J. Primatol. 1990, 11:237-282.
31. Deacon T.W. Cortical connections of the inferior arcuate sulcus cortex in the macaque brain. Brain Res. 1992, 573:8-26.
32. Deacon T.W. The symbolic species: the coevolution of language and the brain 1997, Norton, London.
33. de Beer G. Embryos and Ancestors 1958, Oxford University Press, New York.
34. Desmond A. Huxley: from Devil's disciple to evolution's high priest 1994, Addison-Wesley, London.
35. Díaz C., Puelles L., Marín F., Glover J.C. The relationship between rhombomeres and vestibular neuron populations as assessed in quail-chicken chimeras. Dev. Biology 1998, 202:14-28.
36. Ebbesson S.O.E. Evolution and ontogeny of neural circuits. Behav. Brain Sci. 1984, 7:321-366.
37. Edinger L. Vorlesungen über den Bau der Nervösen Zentralorgane des Menschen und der Tiere - für Ärzte und Studierende 1908, Vogel Verlag, Reading, Mass.
38. Eisenberg J.F. The Mammalian Radiations 1981, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
39. Eldredge N., Cracraft J. Phylogenetic patterns and the evolutionary process 1980, Columbia University Press.
40. Elliot Smith G. Some problems relating to the evolution of the brain. The Lancet 1910, 88:1-6.
41. Figdor M.C., Stern C.D. Segmental organization of embryonic diencephalon. Nature 1993, 363:630-634.
42. Finlay B.L., Darlington R.B. Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains. Science 1995, 268:1577-1584.
43. Finlay B.L., Hersman M.N., Darlington R.B. Patterns of vertebrate neurogenesis and the paths of vertebrate evolution. Brain Behav. Evol. 1998, 52:232-242.
44. Finlay B.L., Wikler K.C., Sengelaub D.R. Regressive events in brain development and scenarios for vertebrate evolution. Brain Behav. Evol. 1987, 30:102-117.
45. Frahm H.D., Stephan H., Stephan M. Comparison of brain structure volumes in insectivora and primates. I. Neocortex. J. Hirnforsch. 1982, 23:375-389.
46. Fraser S., Keynes R., Lumsden A. Segmentation in the chick embryo hindbrain is defined by cell lineage restrictions. Nature 1990, 344:431-435.
47. Frost D.O. Orderly anomalous retinal projections to the medial geniculate, ventrobasal and lateral posterior nuclei of the hamster. J. Comp. Neurol. 1981, 203:227-256.
48. Galaburda A.M., Pandya D.N. The intrinsic, architectonic and connectional organization of the superior temporal region of the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1983, 221:169-184.
49. Gannon P.J., Holloway R.L., Broadfield D.C., Braun A.R. Asymmetry of chimpanzee planum temporale: humanlike pattern of Wernicke's brain language area homologue. Science 1998, 279:220-222.
50. Gao W.-J., Pallas S.L. Cross-modal reorganization of horizontal connectivity in auditory cortex without altering thalamocortical projections. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:7940-7950.
51. Garstang W. The theory of recapitulation: a critical restatement of the biogenetic law. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London 1922, 35:81-101.
52. Gilland E., Baker R. Conservation of neuroepithelial and mesodermal segments in the embryonic vertebrate head. Acta Anat. 1993, 148:110-123.
53. Glezer I.I., Jacobs M.S., Morgane P.J. Implications of the "initial" brain concept for brain evolution in cetacea. Behav. Brain. Sci. 1988, 11:75-116.
54. Gould S.J. Allometry in primates, with emphasis on scaling and evolution of the brain. Contrib. Primat. 1975, 5:244-292.
55. Gould S.J. Ontogeny and phylogeny 1977, Harvard University Press, New York.
56. Gould S.J., Lewontin R.C. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 1979, 205:581-598.
57. Guthrie S. The status of the neural segment. Trends Neurosci. 1995, 18:74-79.
58. Haeckel E. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte 1889, Georg Reimer, Cambridge.
59. Hall B.K. Homology: the hierarchical basis of comparative biology 1994, Academic Press, Berlin.
60. Heffner R., Masterton B. Variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity. Brain Behav. Evol. 1975, 12:161-200.
61. Heffner R.S., Masterton R.B. The role of the corticospinal tract in the evolution of human digital dexterity. Brain Behav. Evol. 1983, 23:165-183.
62. Heil P., Bronchti G., Wollberg Z., Scheich H. Invasion of visual cortex by the auditory system in the naturally blind mole rat. NeuroReport 1991, 2:735-738.
63. Hennig W. Phylogenetic systematics 1966, University of Illinois Press, San Diego.
64. Herrick C.J. The brain of the tiger salamander 1948, University of Chicago Press, Urbana.
65. Hile A.G., Plummer T.K., Striedter G.F. Male vocal imitation produces call convergence during pair-bonding in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Anim. Behav. 2000, 59:1209-1218.
66. Hodos W., Campbell C.B.G. Scala naturae: why there is no theory in comparative psychology. Psychol. Review 1969, 76:337-350.
67. Hofman M.A. Encephalization in hominids: evidence for the model of punctuationalism. Brain Behav. Evol. 1983, 22:102-117.
68. Hofman M.A. On the evolution and geometry of the brain in mammals. Prog. Neurobiol. 1989, 32:137-158.
69. Holliday M., Hamburger V. Reduction of naturally occurring motoneuron loss by enlargement of the periphery. J. Comp. Neurol. 1976, 170:311-320.
70. Holloway R.L. Australopithecine endocasts, brain evolution in the hominoidea, and a model of hominid evolution. The functional and evolutionary biology of primates 1972, 185-203. Aldine-Atherton, Chicago. R. Tuttle (Ed.).
71. Holloway R.L. On the meaning of brain size. Science 1974, 184:677-679.
72. Holloway R.L. Brain size, allometry, and reorganization: toward a synthesis. Development and evolution of brain size 1979, 59-88. Academic Press, Chicago. M.E. Hahn, C. Jensen, B.C. Dudek (Eds.).
73. Hopkins W.D., Marino L., Rilling J.K., MacGregor L.A. Planum temporale asymmetries in great apes as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NeuroReport 1998, 9:2913-2918.
74. Huxley J.S. Evolution: the modern synthesis 1942, Harper, New York.
75. Huxley T.H. Man's place in nature 1863, University of Michigan Press, New York.
76. Janik V.M. Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Science 2000, 289:1355-1357.
77. Jerison H.J. Evolution of the brain and intelligence 1973, Academic Press, Ann Arbor.
78. Kaas J.H. What, if anything, is S1? Organization of first somatosensory area of cortex. Physiol. Re.v 1983, 63:206-231.
79. Kaas J.H. The organization of neocortex in mammals: implications for theories of brain function. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 1987, 38:129-151.
80. Kaas J.H. The evolution of complex sensory systems in mammals. J. Exp. Biol. 1989, 146:165-176.
81. Kappers C.U.A., Huber C.G., Crosby E.C. Comparative anatomy of the nervous system of vertebrates, including man 1936, Macmillan, New York.
82. Karten H.J. The organization of the avian telencephalon and some speculations on the phylogeny of the amniote telencephalon. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1969, 167:164-179.
83. Katz M.J. Ontogenetic mechanisms: the middle ground of evolution. Evolution and Development 1982, 207-212. Springer Verlag, New York. J.T. Bonner (Ed.).
84. Katz M.J., Lasek R.J., Kaiserman-Abramof I.R. Ontophyletics of the nervous system: eyeless mutants illustrate how ontogenetic buffer mechanisms channel evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1981, 78:397-401.
85. Killackey H.P. Neocortical expansion: an attempt toward relating phylogeny and ontogeny. J. Cog. Neurosci. 1990, 2:1-17.
86. Kirsch J.A.W., Johnson J.I. Phylogeny through brain traits: trees generated by neural characters. Brain Behav. Evol. 1983, 22:60-69.
87. Kirsch J.A.W., Johnson J.I., Switzer R.C. Phylogeny through brain traits: the mammalian family tree. Brain Behav. Evol. 1983, 22:70-74.
88. Kolb B., Tees R.C. The rat as a model of cortical function. The cerebral cortex of the rat 1990, 3-17. MIT Press, Berlin. B. Kolb, R.C. Tees (Eds.).
89. Kornack D.R., Rakic P. Changes in cell-cycle kinetics during the development and evolution of primate neocortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1998, 95:1242-1246.
90. Krubitzer L. The organization of neocortex in mammals: are species differences really so different?. Trends Neurosci. 1995, 18:408-417.
91. Kuhlenbeck H. The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates 1967-77, Karger A.G. and Academic Press, Cambridge, Mass.
92. Lauder G.V. The argument from design. Adaptation 1996, 55-91. Academic Press, Basel and New York. G.V. Lauder, M.R. Rose (Eds.).
93. Lauder G.V., Liem K.F. The evolution and inter-relationships of the actinopterygian fishes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1983, 150:95-197.
94. Lawrence D.G., Kuypers H.G.J.M. Functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. II. The effect of bilateral pyramidal lesions. Brain 1968, 91:1-14.
95. Lehman M.N., Lesauter J., Kim C., Berriman S.J., Tresco P.A., Silver R. How do fetal grafts of the suprachiasmatic nucleus communicate with the host brains?. Cell Transplantation 1995, 4:75-81.
96. Lorenz K. The natural science of the human species: an introduction to comparative behavioral research; the "Russian Manuscript" (1944-1948) 1996, The MIT Press, San Diego.
97. Lumsden A., Krumlauf R. Patterning the vertebrate neuraxis. Science 1996, 274:1109-1114.
98. MacLean P.D. The triune brain in evolution: role in paleocerebral functions 1990, Plenum Press, Cambridge.
99. Macphail E.M. Brain and intelligence in vertebrates 1982, Clarendon Press, New York.
100. Marín F., Puelles L. Morphological fate of rhombomeres in quail/chick chimeras: a segmental analysis of hindbrain nuclei. Europ. J. Neurosci. 1995, 7:1714-1738.
101. Marino L. A comparison of encephalization between odontocete cetaceans and anthropoid primates. Brain, Behav. Evol. 1998, 51:230-238. [erratum: Brain, Behav. Evol.52, 22].
102. McCowan B., Reiss D. Vocal learning in captive bottlenose dolphins: a comparison with humans and non-human animals. Social influences on vocal development 1997, 178-207. Cambridge Univ. Press, Oxford. C.T. Snowdon, M. Hausberger (Eds.).
103. Meyer R.L. Tetrodotoxin inhibits the formation of refined retinotopography in goldfish. Dev. Brain Res. 1983, 6:293-298.
104. Miller K. Finding Darwin's God: a scientist's search for common ground between God and evolution 1999, Cliff Street Books, Cambridge.
105. Necker R., Rehkämper G., Nevo E. Electrophysiological mapping of body representation in the cortex of the blind mole rat. NeuroReport 1992, 3:505-508.
106. Nieuwenhuys R. Comparative neuroanatomy: place, principles, practice and programme. Europ. J. Morphol. 1994, 32:142-155.
107. Nieuwenhuys R., ten Donkelaar H.J., Nicholson C. The central nervous system of vertebrates 1998, Springer Verlag, New York.
108. Nieuwenhuys R. The coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. The central nervous system of vertebrates 1998, 1007-1043. Springer Verlag, Berlin. R. Nieuwenhuys, H.J. ten Donkelaar, C. Nicholson (Eds.).
109. Nieuwenhuys R. Lungfishes. The central nervous system of vertebrates 1998, 939-1006. Springer Verlag, Berlin. R. Nieuwenhuys, H.J. ten Donkelaar, C. Nicholson (Eds.).
110. Nieuwenhuys R. Morphogenesis and general structure. The central nervous system of vertebrates 1998, 159-229. Springer Verlag, Berlin. R. Nieuwenhuys, H.J. ten Donkelaar, C. Nicholson (Eds.).
111. Nieuwenhuys R., Meek J. The telencephalon of actinopterygian fishes. Cerebral cortex 1990, Vol. 8A:31-73. Plenum Press, Berlin. E.G. Jones, A. Peters (Eds.).
112. Nieuwenhuys R., Nicholson C. A survey of the general morphology, the fiber connections, and the possible functional significance of the gigantocerebellum of mormyrid fishes. Neurobiology of cerebellar evolution and development 1969, 107-134. Am. Med. Assoc. Educ. Res. Found., New York. R. Llinas (Ed.).
113. Nilsson G.E. Brain and body oxygen requirements of Gnathonemus petersii, a fish with an exceptionally large brain. J. Exp. Biol. 1996, 199:603-607.
114. Nimchinsky E.A., Gilissen E., Allman J.M., Perl D.P., Erwin J.M., Hof P.R. A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:5268-5273.
115. Northcutt R.G. Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 1981, 4:301-350.
116. Northcutt R.G. Brain phylogeny: speculations on pattern and cause. Comparative neurobiology 1985, 351-378. Wiley, Chicago. M.J. Cohen, F. Strumwasser (Eds.).
117. Northcutt R.G. The brain and sense organs of the earliest vertebrates: reconstruction of a morphotype. Evolutionary biology of primitive fishes 1985, 81-112. Plenum, New York. R.E. Foreman, A. Gorbman, J.M. Dodd, R. Olsson (Eds.).
118. Northcutt R.G. Lungfish neural characters and their bearing on sarcopterygian phylogeny. J. Morphol. Suppl. 1986, 1:277-297.
119. Northcutt R.G. The forebrain of gnathostomes: in search of a morphotype. Brain Behav. Evol. 1995, 46:275-318.
120. Northcutt R.G., Kaas J.H. The emergence and evolution of mammalian neocortex. Trends Neurosci. 1995, 18:373-379.
121. Northcutt R.G., Wullimann M.F. The visual system in teleost fishes: morphological patterns and trends. Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals 1988, 515-552. Springer Verlag, New York. J. Atema, R.R. Fay, A.N. Popper, W.N. Popper (Eds.).
122. Nudo R.J., Masterton R.B. Descending pathways to the spinal cord. IV: some factors related to the amount of cortex devoted to the corticospinal tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 296:584-597.
123. Nudo R.J., Masterton R.B. Descending pathways to the spinal cord, III: sites of origin of the corticospinal tract. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 296:559-583.
124. Nudo R.J., Sutherland D.P., Masterton R.B. Variation and evolution of mammalian corticospinal somata with special reference to primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 358:181-205.
125. Oppenheim R.W. Neuronal cell death and some related regressive phenomena during neurogenesis: a selective historical review and progress report. Studies in Developmental Neurobiology: Essays in Honor of Victor Hamburger 1981, 74-133. Oxford University Press, New York. W.M. Cowan (Ed.).
126. Owen A.M., Doyon J., Petrides M., Evans A.C. Planning and spatial working memory: a positron emission tomography study in humans. Europ. J. Neurosci. 1996, 8:353-364.
127. Owen A.M., Herrod N.J., Menon D.K., Clark J.C., Downey S.P.M.J., Carpenter T.A., Minhas P.S., Turkheimer F.E., Williams E.J., Robbins T.W., Sahakian B.J., Petrides M., Pickard J.D. Redefining the functional organization of working memory processes within the human lateral prefrontal cortex. Europ. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:567-574.
128. Owen R. On the characters, principles of division, and primary groups of the class MAMMALIA. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857, 2:1-37.
129. Owen R. Contributions to the natural history of the anthropoid apes. No. VIII. On the external characters of the Gorilla (Trogloodytes Gorilla, Sav.). Transact. Zool. Soc. 1859, 5:243-283.
130. Pallas S.L., Roe A.W., Sur M. Visual projections induced into the auditory pathway of ferrets. I. Novel inputs to primary auditory cortex (AI) from the LP/Pulvinar complex and the topography of the MGN-AI projection. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 298:50-68.
131. Passingham R.E. Anatomical differences between the neocortex of man and other primates. Brain Behav. Evol. 1973, 7:337-359.
132. Passingham R.E. The Human Primate 1982, Freeman, New York.
133. Passingham R.E. Rates of brain development in mammals including man. Brain Behav. Evol. 1985, 26:167-175.
134. Paxinos G., Huang S.F., Toga A.W. The rhesus monkey brain in stereotaxic coordinates 2000, Academic Press, Oxford.
135. Pepperberg I.M. Some cognitive abilities of an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). Advances in the study of behavior 1990, 357-409. Academic Press, San Diego. P.J.B. Slater, J.S. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, M. Milinski (Eds.).
136. Petrides M., Pandya D.N. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: comparative cytoarchitectonic analysis in the human and the macaque brain and corticocortical connection patterns. Europ. J Neurosci. 1999, 11:1011-1036.
137. Pevet P., Heth G., Hiam A., Nevo E. Photoperiod perception in the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi, Nehring): involvement of the Harderian gland, atrophied eyes, and melatonin. J. Exp. Zool. 1984, 232:41-50.
138. Portmann A., Stingelin W. The central nervous system. Biology and Comparative Physiology of Birds 1961, Vol. 2 A:1-36. Academic Press, New York. J. Marshall (Ed.).
139. Preuss T.M. The argument from animals to humans in cognitive neuroscience. The Cognitive Neurosciences 1995, 1227-1241. MIT Press, New York. M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed.).
140. Preuss T.M. The discovery of cerebral diversity: an unwelcome scientific revolution. Evolutionary Anatomy of the Primate Cerebral Cortex 2001, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. D. Falk, K. Gibson (Eds.).
141. Preuss T.M., Qi H., Kaas J.H. Distinctive compartmental organization of human primary visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:11601-11606.
142. Puelles L., Rubenstein J.L.R. Expression patterns of homeobox and other putative regulatory genes in the embryonic mouse forebrain suggest a neuromeric organization. Trends Neurosci. 1993, 16:472-479.
143. Puelles L., Domenech-Ratto G., Martinez-de-la-Torre M. Location of the rostral end of the longitudinal brain axis: review of an old topic in light of marking experiments on the closing rostral neuropore. J. Morphol. 1987, 194:163-171.
144. Puelles L., Kuwana E., Puelles E., Bulfone A., Shimamura K., Keleher J., Smiga S., Rubenstein J.L.R. Pallial and subpallial derivatives in the embryonic chick and mouse telencephalon, traced by the expression of the genes Dlx-2, Emx-1, Nkx-2.1, Pax-6 and Tbr-1. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 424:409-438.
145. Rauschecker J.P., Tian B., Korte M., Egert U. Cross-modal changes in the somatosensory vibrissa/barrel system of visually deprived animals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992, 89:5063-5067.
146. Redies C. Cadherins in the central nervous system. Prog. Neurobiol. 2000, 61:611-648.
147. Redies C., Takeichi M. Cadherins in the developing central nervous system: an adhesive code for segmental and functional subdivisions. Dev. Biol. 1996, 180:413-423.
148. Rehkämper G., Necker R., Nevo E. Functional anatomy of the thalamus in the blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi: an architectonic and electrophysiologically controlled tracing study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 347:570-584.
149. Reiner A., Brauth S.E., Karten H.J. Evolution of the amniote basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci. 1984, 7:320-325.
150. Richardson M.K., Hanken J., Gooneratne M.L., Pieau C., Raynaud A., Selwood L., Wright G.M. There is no highly conserved embryonic stage in vertebrates: implications for current theories of evolution and development. Anat. Embryol. 1997, 196:91-106.
151. Ridgway S.H. Physiological observations on dolphin brains. Dolphin cognition and behavior: a comparative approach 1986, 31-59. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Cambridge. R.J. Schusterman, J.A. Thomas, F.G. Wood (Eds.).
152. Ridgway S.H., Wood F.G. Cetacean brain evolution. Brain Behav. Sci. 1988, 11:99.
153. Ridley M. Evolution and classification: the reformation of cladism 1986, Longman Group, Hillsdale.
154. Rilling J.K., Insel T.R. Evolution of the cerebellum in primates: differences in relative volume among monkeys, apes and humans. Brain Behav. Evol. 1998, 52:308-314.
155. Rilling J.K., Insel T.R. Differential expansion of neural projection systems in primate brain evolution. NeuroReport 1999, 10:1453-1459.
156. Rilling J.K., Insel T.R. The primate neocortex in comparative perspective using magnetic resonance imaging. J. Human Evol. 1999, 37:191-223.
157. Ringo J.L. Neuronal interconnection as a function of brain size. Brain Behav. Evol. 1991, 38:1-6.
158. Rockel A.J., Hiorns R.W., Powell T.P.S. The basic uniformity in structure of the neocortex. Brain 1980, 103:221-244.
159. Rogers S.W. Exploring dinosaur neuropaleobiology: computed tomography scanning and analysis of an Allosaurus fragilis endocast. Neuron 1998, 21:673-679.
160. Roth G., Nishikawa K.C., Wake D.B. Genome size, secondary simplification, and the evolution of the brain in salamanders. Brain Behav. Evol. 1997, 50:50-59.
161. Romanes G. Animal Intelligence 1881, Kegan Paul & Trench, Essex.
162. Rowe M. Organization of the cerebral cortex in monotremes and marsupials. Cerebral Cortex 1990, Vol. 8 B:263-334. Plenum Press, London. E.G. Jones, A. Peters (Eds.).
163. Rubenstein J.L.R., Martinez S., Shimamura K., Puelles L. The embryonic vertebrate forebrain: the prosomeric model. Science 1994, 266:578-580.
164. Sacher G.A. Allometric and factorial analysis of brain structure in insectivores and primates. The Primate Brain 1970, 245-287. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. C.R. Noback, W. Montagna (Eds.).
165. Sacher G.A. Maturation and longevity in relation to cranial capacity in hominid evolution. Primate functional morphology and evolution 1973, 417-441. Mouton, New York. R.H. Tuttle (Ed.).
166. Schliemann H. Troy and its remains: a narrative of researches and discoveries made on the site of Ilium and in the Trojan plain 1875, Murray, Paris.
167. Schlosser G., Kintner C., Northcutt R.G. Loss of ectodermal competence for lateral line placode formation in the direct developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui. Dev. Biol. 1999, 213:354-369.
168. Schneider G.E. Early lesions of superior colliculus: factors affecting the formation of abnormal retinal connections. Brain Behav. Evol. 1973, 8:73-109.
169. Semendeferi K., Damasio H., Frank R., van Hoesen G.V. The evolution of the frontal lobes: a volumetric analysis based on three-dimensional reconstructions of magnetic resonance scans of human and ape brains. J. Hum. Evol. 1997, 32:375-388.
170. Sereno M.I., Allman J.M. Cortical visual areas in mammals. The neural basis of visual function 1991, 160-172. MacMillan, London. A.G. Leventhal (Ed.).
171. Shimamura K., Martinez S., Puelles L., Rubenstein J.L.R. Patterns of gene expression in the neural plate and neural tube subdivide the embryonic forebrain into transverse and longitudinal domains. Dev. Neurosci. 1997, 19:88-96.
172. Skoglund T.S., Pascher R., Bethold C.H. Heterogeneity in the columnar number of neurons in different neocortical areas in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 1996, 208:97-100.
173. Smith Fernandez A., Pieau C., Repérant J., Boncinelli E., Wassef M. Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three molecularly distinct domains in the telencephalon of mouse, chick, turtle and frog embryos: implications for the evolution of telencephalic subdivisions in amniotes. Development 1998, 125:2099-2111.
174. Stanfield B.B., Nahin B.R., O'Leary D.D.M. A transient postmamillary component of the rat fornix during development: implications for interspecific differences in mature axonal projections. J. Neurosci. 1987, 7:3350-3361.
175. Stephan H. Zur Entwicklungshöhe der Insektivoren nach merkmalen des Gehirns und die definition der 'basalen Insektivoren'. Zool. Anz. 1967, 179:177-199.
176. Stephan H., Frahm H., Baron G. New and revised data on volumes of brain structures in insectivores and primates. Folia Primatol. 1981, 35:1-29.
177. Stevens C.F. How cortical interconnectedness varies with network size. Neural Comp. 1989, 1:473-479.
178. Stingelin W. Vergleichend Morphologische Untersuchungen am Vorderhirn der Vøgel ouf Cytologischer und Cytoarchitektonischer Grundlage 1958, Helbing & Lichtenhahn, London.
179. Striedter G.F. The diencephalon of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. II. Retinal, tectal, cerebellar and telencephalic connections. Brain Behav. Evol. 1990, 36:355-377.
180. Striedter G.F. The diencephalon of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. I. Nuclear organization. Brain Behav. Evol. 1990, 36:329-354.
181. Striedter G.F. Phylogenetic changes in the connections of the lateral preglomerular nucleus in ostariophysan teleosts: a pluralistic view of brain evolution. Brain Behav. Evol. 1992, 39:329-357.
182. Striedter G.F. The telencephalon of tetrapods in evolution. Brain Behav. Evol. 1997, 49:179-213.
183. Striedter G.F. Progress in the study of brain evolution: from speculative theories to testable hypotheses. Anat. Rec. (New Anat.) 1998, 253:105-112.
184. Striedter G.F. Stepping into the same river twice: homologues as recurring attractors in epigenetic landscapes. Brain Behav. Evol. 1998, 52:218-231.
185. Striedter G.F. Homology in the nervous system: of characters, embryology and levels of analysis. Novartis Foundation Symposium # 222 1999, 158-172. Wiley & Sons, Basel.
186. Striedter G.F., Keefer B.P. Cell migration and aggregation in the developing telencephalon: pulse-labeling chick embryos with BrdU. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:8021-8030.
187. Striedter G.F., Marchant T.A., Beydler S. The "neostriatum" develops as part of the lateral pallium in birds. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:5839-5849.
188. Sur M., Garraghty P.E., Roe A.W. Experimentally induced visual projections into auditory thalamus and cortex. Science 1988, 242:1437-1441.
189. Takahashi T., Nowakowski R.S., Caviness V.S. The mathematics of neocortical neuronogenesis. Dev Neurosci. 1997, 19:17-22.
190. Tobias P.V. Brain evolution in the hominoidea. Primate functional morphology and evolution 1973, 353-392. Mouton, Chichester. R.H. Tuttle (Ed.).
191. Uylings H.B.M., van Eden C.G. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the prefrontal cortex in rat and in primates, including humans. Progr. Brain Res. 1990, 85:31-62.
192. van Dongen B.A.M. Brain size in vertebrates. The central nervous system of vertebrates 1998, 2099-2134. Springer Verlag, Paris. R. Nieuwenhuys, H.J. ten Donkelaar, C. Nicholson (Eds.).
193. von Baer K.E. Über Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere: Beobachtung und Reflexion 1828, Bornträger, Berlin.
194. Voogd J., Feirabend H.K.P., Schoen J.H.R. Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei. The human nervous system 1990, 321-386. Academic Press, Königsberg. G. Paxinos (Ed.).
195. Wicht H., Nieuwenhuys R. Hagfishes (Myxinoidea). The central nervous system of vertebrates 1998, 497-549. Springer Verlag, San Diego. R. Nieuwenhuys, H.J. ten Donkelaar, C. Nicholson (Eds.).
196. Wicht H., Northcutt R.G. The forebrain of the pacific hagfish: a cladistic reconstruction of the ancestral craniate forebrain. Brain Behav. Evol. 1992, 40:25-64.
197. Widdowson E.M. Growth of creatures great and small. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1981, 46:5-17.
198. Wilczynski W. Central neural systems subserving a homoplasous periphery. Amer. Zool. 1984, 24:755-763.
199. Wilson E.O. Sociobiology: the new synthesis 1975, Harvard University Press, Berlin.
200. Wolpoff M.H. Paleoanthropology 1999, McGraw-Hill, Cambridge.
201. Wullimann M.F., Puelles L. Postembryonic neural proliferation in the zebrafish forebrain and its relationship to prosomeric domains. Anat. Embryol. 1999, 329:329-348.
202. Zilles K., Armstrong E., Moser K.H., Schleicher A., Stephan H. Gyrification in the cerebral cortex of primates. Brain Behav. Evol. 1989, 34:143-150.