메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 463-470

A review of freshwater gastropod conservation: Challenges and opportunities

Author keywords

Cooperative conservation; Freshwater gastropods; Research; Review; Snails; Strategy

Indexed keywords

COOPERATIVE SECTOR; GASTROPOD; RESEARCH; SNAIL; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

EID: 47049118217     PISSN: 08873593     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1899/07-061.1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 33751354622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term faunal changes in a regulated and an unregulated stream - Cow Green thirty years on
    • ARMITAGE, P. D. 2006. Long-term faunal changes in a regulated and an unregulated stream - Cow Green thirty years on. River Research and Applications 22:947-966.
    • (2006) River Research and Applications , vol.22 , pp. 947-966
    • ARMITAGE, P.D.1
  • 2
    • 0001210480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mollusca: Gastropoda
    • J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich editors, Academic Press, San Diego, California
    • BROWN, K. M. 2001. Mollusca: Gastropoda. Pages 297-329 in J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (editors). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
    • (2001) Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates , pp. 297-329
    • BROWN, K.M.1
  • 3
    • 0032351515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the ecology and distribution of lotic pulmonate and prosobranch gastropods
    • BROWN, K. M., J. E. ALEXANDER, AND J. H. THORP. 1998. Differences in the ecology and distribution of lotic pulmonate and prosobranch gastropods. American Malacological Bulletin 14:91-101.
    • (1998) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.14 , pp. 91-101
    • BROWN, K.M.1    ALEXANDER, J.E.2    THORP, J.H.3
  • 4
    • 33751576861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative conservation ecology of pleurocerid and pulmonate gastropods of the United States
    • BROWN, K. M., AND P. D. JOHNSON. 2004. Comparative conservation ecology of pleurocerid and pulmonate gastropods of the United States. American Malacological Bulletin 19:57-62.
    • (2004) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 57-62
    • BROWN, K.M.1    JOHNSON, P.D.2
  • 8
    • 27744441098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and bed sediments in the Lower Snake River Basin, Idaho and Oregon. U.S
    • 98-4103. US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
    • CLARK, G. M., AND T. R. MARET. 1998. Organochlorine compounds and trace elements in fish tissue and bed sediments in the Lower Snake River Basin, Idaho and Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 98-4103. US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • (1998) Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report
    • CLARK, G.M.1    MARET, T.R.2
  • 11
    • 0037500223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keeping taxonomy based in morphology
    • DUNN, C. P. 2003. Keeping taxonomy based in morphology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18:270.
    • (2003) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 270
    • DUNN, C.P.1
  • 12
    • 0033915720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the published results of animal relocations
    • FISCHER, J., AND D. B. LINDENMAYER. 2000. An assessment of the published results of animal relocations. Biological Conservation 96:1-11.
    • (2000) Biological Conservation , vol.96 , pp. 1-11
    • FISCHER, J.1    LINDENMAYER, D.B.2
  • 14
    • 0034030001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GOLDSTEIN, P. Z., R. DESALLE, G. AMATO, AND A. P. VOGLER. 2000. Conservation genetics at the species boundary. Conservation Biology 14:120-131.GRAF, D. L. 2001. The cleansing of the Augean Stables, or a lexicon of the nominal species of the Pleuroceridae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) of recent North America, north of Mexico. Walkerana 12:1-124.
    • GOLDSTEIN, P. Z., R. DESALLE, G. AMATO, AND A. P. VOGLER. 2000. Conservation genetics at the species boundary. Conservation Biology 14:120-131.GRAF, D. L. 2001. The cleansing of the Augean Stables, or a lexicon of the nominal species of the Pleuroceridae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) of recent North America, north of Mexico. Walkerana 12:1-124.
  • 15
    • 0024928186 scopus 로고
    • Translocation as a species conservation tool: Status and strategy
    • GRIFFITH, B., J. M. SCOTT, J. W. CARPENTER, AND C. REED. 1989. Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy. Science 245:477-480.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 477-480
    • GRIFFITH, B.1    SCOTT, J.M.2    CARPENTER, J.W.3    REED, C.4
  • 16
  • 18
    • 0028152070 scopus 로고
    • A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae)
    • HERSHLER, R. 1994. A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 554:1-115.
    • (1994) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology , vol.554 , pp. 1-115
    • HERSHLER, R.1
  • 19
    • 33847355100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive diversification of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae: Fluminicola) in the upper Sacramento River basin, northwestern USA
    • HERSHLER, R., H. LIU, T. J. FREST, AND E. J. JOHANNES. 2007. Extensive diversification of pebblesnails (Lithoglyphidae: Fluminicola) in the upper Sacramento River basin, northwestern USA. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149:371-422.
    • (2007) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.149 , pp. 371-422
    • HERSHLER, R.1    LIU, H.2    FREST, T.J.3    JOHANNES, E.J.4
  • 20
  • 22
    • 0034034765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular phylogeny of North American Pleuroceridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences
    • HOLZNAGEL, W. E., AND C. LYDEARD. 2000. A molecular phylogeny of North American Pleuroceridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Journal of Molluscan Studies 66:233-257.
    • (2000) Journal of Molluscan Studies , vol.66 , pp. 233-257
    • HOLZNAGEL, W.E.1    LYDEARD, C.2
  • 23
    • 47049110713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HUTSON, S. S., N. L. BARBER, J. F. KENNY, K. S. LINSEY, D. S. LUMIA, AND M. A. MAUPIN. 2005. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268. US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
    • HUTSON, S. S., N. L. BARBER, J. F. KENNY, K. S. LINSEY, D. S. LUMIA, AND M. A. MAUPIN. 2005. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268. US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
  • 24
    • 0003813423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES, Prepared by the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, UK, Available from
    • IUCN (INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES). 1998. Guidelines for re-introductions. Prepared by the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Cambridge, UK. (Available from: http://www.iucn.org/)
    • (1998) Guidelines for re-introductions
  • 25
    • 33646725693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The co-treatment of sewage and mine water in aerobic wetlands
    • JOHNSON, K. L., AND P. L. YOUNGER. 2006. The co-treatment of sewage and mine water in aerobic wetlands. Engineering Geology 85:53-61.
    • (2006) Engineering Geology , vol.85 , pp. 53-61
    • JOHNSON, K.L.1    YOUNGER, P.L.2
  • 26
    • 14344266603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potamopyrgus antipodarum: Distribution, density, and effects on native macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
    • KERANS, B. L., M. F. DYBDAHL, M. M. GANGLOFF, AND J. E. JANNOT. 2005. Potamopyrgus antipodarum: distribution, density, and effects on native macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24:123-138.
    • (2005) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.24 , pp. 123-138
    • KERANS, B.L.1    DYBDAHL, M.F.2    GANGLOFF, M.M.3    JANNOT, J.E.4
  • 29
    • 0028984823 scopus 로고
    • A diverse and endangered aquatic ecosystem of the southeast United States
    • LYDEARD, C., AND R. L. MAYDEN. 1995. A diverse and endangered aquatic ecosystem of the southeast United States. Conservation Biology 9:800-805.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 800-805
    • LYDEARD, C.1    MAYDEN, R.L.2
  • 30
    • 0006331567 scopus 로고
    • Problems in leaving the ark
    • LYLES, A. M., AND R. M. MAY. 1987. Problems in leaving the ark. Nature 326:245-246.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 245-246
    • LYLES, A.M.1    MAY, R.M.2
  • 31
    • 33750808603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on habitat preference and tolerances of three species of snails from the Snake River of southern Idaho
    • U.S.A
    • LYSNE, S., AND P. KOETSIER. 2006. Experimental studies on habitat preference and tolerances of three species of snails from the Snake River of southern Idaho, U.S.A. American Malacological Bulletin 21:77-85.
    • (2006) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 77-85
    • LYSNE, S.1    KOETSIER, P.2
  • 32
    • 47049086369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MASTER, L. L., B. A. STEIN, L. S. KUTNER, AND G. A. HAMMERSON. 2000. Vanishing assets: conservation status of U.S. species. Pages 93-115 in B. A. Stein, L. S. Kotner, and J. S. Adams (editors). Precious heritage, the status of biodiversity in the United States. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • MASTER, L. L., B. A. STEIN, L. S. KUTNER, AND G. A. HAMMERSON. 2000. Vanishing assets: conservation status of U.S. species. Pages 93-115 in B. A. Stein, L. S. Kotner, and J. S. Adams (editors). Precious heritage, the status of biodiversity in the United States. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • 34
    • 33750827878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of genetic structure in the endangered aquatic gastropod Valvata utahensis (Mollusca: Valvatidae) at small and large spatial scales
    • MILLER, M. P., D. E. WEIGEL, AND K. E. MOCK. 2006. Patterns of genetic structure in the endangered aquatic gastropod Valvata utahensis (Mollusca: Valvatidae) at small and large spatial scales. Freshwater Biology 51:2362-2375.
    • (2006) Freshwater Biology , vol.51 , pp. 2362-2375
    • MILLER, M.P.1    WEIGEL, D.E.2    MOCK, K.E.3
  • 35
    • 34447573655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trend analysis shows a decline for an endangered thermophilic springsnail (Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) in southwest Idaho
    • MYLER, C. D., G. C. MLADENKA, AND G. W. MINSHALL. 2007. Trend analysis shows a decline for an endangered thermophilic springsnail (Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) in southwest Idaho. Western North American Naturalist 67:199-205.
    • (2007) Western North American Naturalist , vol.67 , pp. 199-205
    • MYLER, C.D.1    MLADENKA, G.C.2    MINSHALL, G.W.3
  • 38
    • 47049127825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NATURESERVE. 2007. NatureServe explorer: an online encyclopedia of life [web application, Version 6.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, Available from
    • NATURESERVE. 2007. NatureServe explorer: an online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 6.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. (Available from: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer)
  • 40
    • 47049118991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NEVES, R. J., A. E. BOGAN, J. D. WILLIAMS, S. A. AHLSTEDT, AND P. W. HARTFIELD. 1997. Status of mollusks in the southeatern United States: a downward spiral of diversity. Pages 43-85 in G. W. Benz and D. E. Collins (editors). Aquatic fauna in peril: the southeastern perspective. Special Publication 1. Southeast Aquatic Research Institute, Lenz Design and Communications, Decatur, Georgia.
    • NEVES, R. J., A. E. BOGAN, J. D. WILLIAMS, S. A. AHLSTEDT, AND P. W. HARTFIELD. 1997. Status of mollusks in the southeatern United States: a downward spiral of diversity. Pages 43-85 in G. W. Benz and D. E. Collins (editors). Aquatic fauna in peril: the southeastern perspective. Special Publication 1. Southeast Aquatic Research Institute, Lenz Design and Communications, Decatur, Georgia.
  • 41
    • 0020894010 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorous dynamics in a woodland stream ecosystem: A study of nutrient spiraling
    • NEWBOLD, J. D., J. W. ELWOOD, R. V. O'NEILL, AND A. L. SHELDON. 1983. Phosphorous dynamics in a woodland stream ecosystem: a study of nutrient spiraling. Ecology 64:1249-1265.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1249-1265
    • NEWBOLD, J.D.1    ELWOOD, J.W.2    O'NEILL, R.V.3    SHELDON, A.L.4
  • 42
    • 0032424159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National strategy for the conservation of native freshwater mussels
    • NNMCC NATIONAL NATIVE MUSSEL CONSERVATION COMMITTEE
    • NNMCC (NATIONAL NATIVE MUSSEL CONSERVATION COMMITTEE). 1998. National strategy for the conservation of native freshwater mussels. Journal of Shellfish Research 17:1419-1428.
    • (1998) Journal of Shellfish Research , vol.17 , pp. 1419-1428
  • 43
    • 47049101020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOAA NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, Available from
    • NOAA (NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION). 2007. Salmon recovery planning strategy. Northwest Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington. (Available from: http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Salmon-Recovery-Planning/Recovery-Strategy.cfm)
    • (2007) Northwest Regional Office, Salmon recovery planning strategy
  • 44
    • 41849088546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical applications for systematics and taxonomy in North American freshwater gastropod conservation
    • PEREZ, K. E., AND R. L. MINTON. 2008. Practical applications for systematics and taxonomy in North American freshwater gastropod conservation. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27:471-483.
    • (2008) Journal of the North American Benthological Society , vol.27 , pp. 471-483
    • PEREZ, K.E.1    MINTON, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 0034476937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entering an era of water scarcity: The challenges ahead
    • POSTEL, S. L. 2000. Entering an era of water scarcity: the challenges ahead. Ecological Applications 10:941-948.
    • (2000) Ecological Applications , vol.10 , pp. 941-948
    • POSTEL, S.L.1
  • 47
  • 48
    • 47049129020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RATTRAY, G. W, A. J. WEHNKE, L. F. HALL, AND L. C. CAMPBELL. 2005. Radiochemical and chemical constituents in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of Idaho National Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 2003. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2005-1125. Version 2.1. US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
    • RATTRAY, G. W., A. J. WEHNKE, L. F. HALL, AND L. C. CAMPBELL. 2005. Radiochemical and chemical constituents in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of Idaho National Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 2003. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2005-1125. Version 2.1. US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
  • 49
    • 47049105449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RICHARDS, D. C. 2004. Competition between the threatened Bliss Rapids snail, Taylorconcha serpenticola (Hershler et al.) and the invasive, aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray). PhD Dissertation, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
    • RICHARDS, D. C. 2004. Competition between the threatened Bliss Rapids snail, Taylorconcha serpenticola (Hershler et al.) and the invasive, aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray). PhD Dissertation, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana.
  • 50
    • 33646592607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition and development of size structure in the invasive snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1853)
    • RICHARDS, D. C., AND D. CAZIER-SHINN. 2004. Intraspecific competition and development of size structure in the invasive snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1853). American Malacological Bulletin 19:33-37.
    • (2004) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 33-37
    • RICHARDS, D.C.1    CAZIER-SHINN, D.2
  • 52
    • 33644602596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The real river management challenge: Integrating scientists, stakeholders and service agencies
    • ROGERS, K. H. 2006. The real river management challenge: integrating scientists, stakeholders and service agencies. River Research and Applications 22:269-280.
    • (2006) River Research and Applications , vol.22 , pp. 269-280
    • ROGERS, K.H.1
  • 54
    • 0030498983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reintroductions: Challenges and lessons for basic ecology
    • SARRAZIN, F., AND R. BARBAULT. 1996. Reintroductions: challenges and lessons for basic ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:474-478.
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 474-478
    • SARRAZIN, F.1    BARBAULT, R.2
  • 58
    • 0242490533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting introduced species: A form of xenophobia?
    • SIMBERLOFF, D. 2003. Confronting introduced species: a form of xenophobia? Biological Invasions 5:179-192.
    • (2003) Biological Invasions , vol.5 , pp. 179-192
    • SIMBERLOFF, D.1
  • 61
    • 33751269686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The freshwater gastropods of Iowa (1821-1998): Species composition, geographic distributions, and conservation concerns
    • STEWART, T. W. 2006. The freshwater gastropods of Iowa (1821-1998): species composition, geographic distributions, and conservation concerns. American Malacological Bulletin 21:59-76.
    • (2006) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 59-76
    • STEWART, T.W.1
  • 62
    • 33751262212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species composition and geographic distribution of Virginia's freshwater gastropod fauna: A review using historical records
    • STEWART, T. W., AND R. T. DILLON. 2004. Species composition and geographic distribution of Virginia's freshwater gastropod fauna: a review using historical records. American Malacological Bulletin 19:79-92.
    • (2004) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 79-92
    • STEWART, T.W.1    DILLON, R.T.2
  • 63
    • 1642302394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to Physidae (Gastropoda: Hygrophila); biogeography, classification, morphology
    • TAYLOR, D. W. 2003. Introduction to Physidae (Gastropoda: Hygrophila); biogeography, classification, morphology. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:1-287.
    • (2003) Revista de Biologia Tropical , vol.51 , pp. 1-287
    • TAYLOR, D.W.1
  • 64
    • 47049117744 scopus 로고
    • PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    • TE, G. A. 1978. A systematic study of the family Physidae. PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
    • (1978) A systematic study of the family Physidae
    • TE, G.A.1
  • 65
    • 47049127292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRYON, G. W. 1873. Land and fresh-water shells of North America. Part IV. Strepomatidae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 16:1-435.
    • TRYON, G. W. 1873. Land and fresh-water shells of North America. Part IV. Strepomatidae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 16:1-435.
  • 66
    • 47049102399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TURGEON, D. D., J. F. QUINN, A. E. BOGAN, E. V. COAN, F. G. HOCHBERG, W. G. LYONS, P. M. MIKKELSEN, R. J. NEVES, C. F. E. ROPER, G. ROSENBERG, B. ROTH, A. SCHELTEMA, F. G. THOMPSON, M. VECCHIONE, AND J. D. WILLIAMS. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. Special Publication 26. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
    • TURGEON, D. D., J. F. QUINN, A. E. BOGAN, E. V. COAN, F. G. HOCHBERG, W. G. LYONS, P. M. MIKKELSEN, R. J. NEVES, C. F. E. ROPER, G. ROSENBERG, B. ROTH, A. SCHELTEMA, F. G. THOMPSON, M. VECCHIONE, AND J. D. WILLIAMS. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. Special Publication 26. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
  • 67
    • 2142777125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy regarding controlled propagation of species listed under the Endangered Species Act
    • USFWS US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
    • USFWS (US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE). 2000. Policy regarding controlled propagation of species listed under the Endangered Species Act. Federal Register 65:56916-56922.
    • (2000) Federal Register , vol.65 , pp. 56916-56922
  • 68
    • 47049106456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USFWS US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, Available from
    • USFWS (US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE). 2006. Draft national bald eagle management guidelines. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. (Available from: http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/issues/ BaldEagle/Mgmt.Guidelines.2006.pdf)
    • (2006) Draft national bald eagle management guidelines
  • 70
    • 0003406390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in stream sediment and aquatic biota - initial results from the National Water Quality Assessment Program, 1992-1995. U.S
    • 00-4053. US Geological Survey, Sacramento, California
    • WONG, C. S., P. D. CAPEL, AND L. H. NOWELL. 2000. Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in stream sediment and aquatic biota - initial results from the National Water Quality Assessment Program, 1992-1995. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4053. US Geological Survey, Sacramento, California.
    • (2000) Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report
    • WONG, C.S.1    CAPEL, P.D.2    NOWELL, L.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.