Immature and mature transform zones near a hot spot: The South Iceland Seismic Zone and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone (Iceland)

Tectonophysics

Volumn 447, Issue 1-4, 2008, Pages 142-154

  Bergerat, Françoise ^a   Angelier, Jacques ^b  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b LABORATOIRE D OCÉANOGRAPHIE DE VILLEFRANCHE   (France)

Author keywords

Iceland; Stress regimes; Transform Zone

Indexed keywords

FAULT GEOMETRY; FAULTING; FRACTURE ZONE; HOT SPOT; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; SHEAR ZONE; STRESS FIELD;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; EURASIA; EUROPE; ICELAND; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 47049110707     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.046     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Angelier J. Inversion of field data in fault tectonics to obtain the regional stress III. A new rapid direct inversion method by analytical means. Geophys. Journ. Int. 103 (1990) 363-376
2. Angelier J. Inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms to obtain the seismoteconic stress IV - a new method free of choice among nodal planes. Geophys. Journ. Int. 150 (2002) 1-22
3. Angelier J., Bergerat F., Dauteuil O., and Villemin T. Effective tension-shear relationships in extensional fissure swarms, axial rift of northeastern Iceland: morphological evidences. J. Struct. Geology., 19 5 (1997) 673-685
4. Angelier J., Rögnvaldsson S., Bergerat F., Gudmundsson A., Jakobsdottir S., and Stefansson R. Earthquake focal mechanisms and recent faulting: a seismotectonic analysis in the Vordufell area, South Iceland Seismic Zone. In: Thorkelsson B. (Ed). 'Seismology in Europe', XXV Gen. Ass. Eur. Seism. Comm. (ESC-IASPEI-IUGG) (1996), Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavik 199-204
5. Angelier J., Slunga R.F., Bergerat F., Stefansson R., and Homberg C. Perturbation of stress and oceanic rift extension across transform faults shown by earthquake focal mechanisms in Iceland. E.P.S.L. 219 (2004) 271-284
6. Angelier J., Bergerat F., and Homberg C. Variable coupling explains complex tectonic regimes near oceanic transform fault: Flateyjarskagi, Iceland. Terra Nova 12 (2000) 97-101
7. Barlett W., Friedman M., and Logan J.M. Experimental folding and faulting of rocks under confining pressure. Part IX. Wrench faults in limestone layers. Tectonophysics 79 (1981) 255-277
8. Bellou M., Bergerat F., Homberg C., and Angelier J. Geometry and segmentation mechanisms of the surface traces associated with the 1912 Selsund Earthquake, Southern Iceland. Tectonophysics 404 (2005) 133-149
9. Bergerat F., and Angelier J. Géométrie des failles et régimes de contraintes à différents stades de développement des zones transformantes océaniques: exemple de la Zone Sismique Sud-Islandaise et de la Zone de Fracture de Tjörnes (Islande). C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planètes 329 (1999) 653-659
10. Bergerat F., and Angelier J. The South Iceland Seismic Zone : tectonic and seismotectonic analyses revealing the evolution from rifting to transform motion. Journ. Geodyn. 29 (2000) 3-5
11. Bergerat F., and Angelier J. Mechanisms of the June 2000 earthquakes, southern Iceland : inferences from surface traces of the Arnes and Hestfjall faults. J. Struct. Geol. 25 (2003) 1507-1523
12. Bergerat F., Angelier J., Gudmundsson A., and Torfason H. Push-ups, fracture patterns, and paleoseismology of the Leirubakki Fault, South Iceland. J. Struct. Geol., 25 4 (2003) 591-609
13. Bergerat F., Angelier J., and Homberg C. Tectonic analysis of the Husavik-Flatey Fault (northern Iceland) and mechanisms of an oceanic transform zone, the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. Tectonics 19 6 (2000) 1161-1177
14. Bergerat F., Angelier J., and Verrier S. Tectonic stress regimes, rift extension and transform motion : the south Iceland seismic zone. Geodin. Acta, 12 5 (1999) 303-319
15. Bergerat F., Angelier J., and Villemin T. Fault systems and stress patterns on emerged oceanic ridges: a case study in Iceland. Tectonophysics 179 (1990) 183-197
16. Bergerat F., Angelier J., and Villemin T. Déformations cassantes dans la partie émergée d'une zone transformante océanique: la Zone de Fractures de Tjörnes (Islande). C. R. Acad Sc., Paris 315 II (1992) 1011-1018
17. Bergerat F., Gudmundsson A., Angelier J., and Rögnvaldsson S.Th. Seismotectonics of the central part of the South Iceland Seismic Zone. Tectonophysics 298 (1998) 319-335
18. Bjarnason I.Th., Cowie P., Anders M.H., Seeber L., and Scholz C.H. The 1912 Iceland earthquake rupture : Growth and development of a nascent transform system. Bull. Seismol. Soc.. America 83 (1993) 416-435
19. Bödvarsson R., Rögnvaldsson S.Th., Jakobsdottir S.S., Slunga R., and Stefansson R. The SIL Data Acquisition and Monitoring System. Seism. Res. Let. 67 5 (1996) 35-46
20. Clifton A., and Einarsson P. Styles of surface rupture accompanying the June 17 and 21, 2000 earthquakes in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. Tectonophysics 396 (2005) 141-159
21. Dauteuil O., and Bergerat F. Interactions between magmatism and tectonics in Iceland: a review. Geod. Acta, 18 1 (2005) 1-09
22. DeMets C., Gordon R.G., Argus F., and Stein S. Current plate motions. Geophys. Journ. Internat. 101 (1990) 425-478
23. DeMets C., Gordon R.G., Argus F., and Stein S. Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21 (1994) 2191-2194
24. Einarsson P., Björnsson S., Foulger G., Stefansson R., and Skaftadottir Th. Seismicity pattern in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. In: Simpson D.W., and Richards P.G. (Eds). Earthquake Prediction: An International Review. AGU Maurice Ewing Series 4 (1981), AGU, Washington D.C. 141-151
25. Einarsson P. Earthquakes and present-day tectonism in Iceland. Tectonophysics 189 (1991) 261-279
26. Einarsson P., and Eiriksson J. Earthquake fractures in the districts Land and Rangarvellir in the south Iceland seismic zone. . Jökull 32 (1982) 113-120
27. Einarsson P., Khodayar M., Clifton A., Ofeigsson B., Thorjarnason S., Einarsson B., and Hjartardottir A.R. A map of Holocene fault structures in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. EGU Gen. Ass., 24-29 April, Wien. Geophys. Res. Abstracts 7 (2005) 08858
28. Fjäder K., Gudmundsson, and Forslund T. Dikes, minor faults and mineral veins associated with a transform fault in North Iceland. J. Struct. Geol. 16 (1994) 109-119
29. Forslund T., and Gudmundsson A. Crustal spreading due to dikes and faults in southwest Iceland. J. Struct. Geol. 13 (1991) 443-457
30. Garcia, S., 2003. Implications d'un saut de rift et du fonctionnement d'une zone transformante sur les déformations du nord de l'Islande. Approches structurale, sismotectonique et radiochronologique. Ph. D. thesis, Univ. Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, 287 p.
31. 39Ar geochronology. E.P.S.L. 214 (2003) 529-544
32. Garcia S., Angelier J., Bergerat F., and Homberg C. Tectonic analysis of an oceanic transform fault zone revealed by fault-slip data and earthquake focal mechanisms: the Husavik-Flatey Fault, Iceland. Tectonophysics 344 (2002) 157-174
33. Garcia S., and Dhont D. Structural analysis of the Húsavík-Flatey Transform Fault and its relationships with the rift system in Northern Iceland. Geod. Acta 18 1 (2005) 31-41
34. Gudmundsson A. On the structure and formation of fracture zones. Terra Nova 5 (1993) 215-224
35. Gudmundsson A. Ocean-ridge discontinuities in Iceland. J. Geol. Soc. (London) 152 (1995) 1011-1015
36. Gudmundsson A., and Bäcskström K. Structure and develoment of the Sveinagia graben, Northeast Iceland. Tectonophysics 200 (1991) 111-125
37. Gudmundsson A., and Brynjólfsson S. Overlapping rift-zone segments and the evolution of the South Iceland Seismic Zone. Geophys Res. Lett. 201 (1993) 903-1906
38. Gudmundsson A., Brynjólfsson S., and Jónsson M.Th. Structural analysis of a transform fault-rift zone junction in North Iceland. Tectonophysics 220 (1993) 205-221
39. Gudmundsson A., and Fjäder K. Dykes, minor faults and mineral veins associated with a transform fault in North Iceland. Reply. J. Struct. Geol. 17 11 (1995) 1633-1636
40. Helgasson J. Shifts of the plate boundary in Iceland : some aspects of tertiary volcanism. Journ. Geophys. Res. 90 B12 (1985) 10084-10092
41. Homberg C., Bergerat F., Garcia S., and Angelier J. Stress field changes associated to the Tjörnes Transform Zone development (Iceland) : geological data and numerical modelling. AGU-EUG-EGS Joint Assembly (EAE03), Nice, 6-11 april 2003. Geophys. Res. Abstracts vol. 5 (2003) 12155
42. Johannesson, H., Saemundsson, K., 1998. Geological map of Iceland, 1 : 500 000, 2nd ed., Icelandic Mus. Nat. Hist. and Iceland Geodetic Survey, Reykjavik.
43. Johannesson, H., Jakobsson, S.P., Saedmundsson, K., 1990. Geological map of Iceland, sheet 6, south Iceland, 1 : 250 000, 3rd ed., Icelandic Mus. Nat. Hist. and Iceland Geodetic Survey, Reykjavik.
44. Mamula N., and Voight B. Tectonic analysis of lineaments near a spreading axis, northeastern Iceland. Tectonophysics 116 (1985) 63-93
45. McMaster R.L., Schilling J.-G.E., and Pinet P.R. Plate boundary within Tjörnes Fracture Zone on northern Iceland's insular margin. Nature 269 (1977) 664-668
46. Passerini P., Marcucci M., Sguazzoni G., and Pecchioni E. Longitudinal strike-slip faults in oceanic rifting: a mesostructural study from western to southeastern Iceland. Tectonophysics 269 (1997) 65-89
47. Passerini P., Sguazzoni G., Marcucci M., and Zan L. Slickensides in Western and Southern Iceland: Data from Langavatn, Burfell and Vördufell. Ofioliti 15 (1990) 191-196
48. Riedel, C., 2001. Self-organizing seafloor mapping of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, Iceland. Dissertation Thesis, Universität Kiel, 139 p.
49. Riedel C., Schmidt M., Botz R., and Theilen F. The Grimsey hydrothermal field offshore North Iceland: crustal structure, faulting and related gas venting. E.P.S.L. 193 (2001) 409-421
50. Riedel W. Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentralbl. f. Mineral., Geol. Paläontol. 8 (1929) 354-368
51. Rögnvaldsson S.Th., Gudmundsson A., and Slunga R. Seismotectonic analysis of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, an active transform fault in north Iceland. J. Geophys. Res. 103 B12 (1998) 30117-30129
52. Rögnvaldsson S.Th., and Slunga R. Single and joint fault plane solutions for microearthquakes in South Iceland. Tectonophysics 237 (1994) 73-80
53. Saedmundsson K. Evolution of the Axial Rifting Zone in northern Iceland and the Tjörnes Fracture Zone. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 85 (1974) 495-504
54. Saedmundsson K. Outline of the Geology of Iceland. Jökull 29 (1979) 7-28
55. Saedmundsson K., and Einarsson S. Geological map of Iceland, sheet 3, Southwest-Iceland, 1:250 000. Icelandic Mus. Nat. Hist. and Iceland Geodetic Survey. 2nd ed (1980) Reykjavik
56. Sigmundsson K., Einarsson P., Bilham R., and Sturkell E. Rift-transform kinematics in south Iceland: deformation from Global Positioning System measurements, 1986 to 1992. J. Geophys. Res. 100 (1995) 6235-6248
57. Slunga R., Rögnvaldsson S.T., and Bö{eth}varsson R. Absolute and relative locations of similar events with application to microearthquakes in southern Iceland. Geophys. J. Int. 123 (1995) 409-419
58. Stefansson R., Bödvarsson R., Slunga R., Einarsson P., Jakobsdottir S.S., Bungum H., Gregersen S., Havskov J., Hjelme J., and Korhonen H. Earthquake prediction research in the South Iceland Seismic Zone and the SIL project. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83 3 (1993) 696-716
59. Tchalenko J.S., and Ambraseys N.N. Structural analysis of the Dasht-e-Bayaz (Iran): Earthquake Fractures. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 81 (1970) 41-60
60. Tryggvason E. Seismicity, earthquake swarms, and plate boundaries in the Iceland region. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 63 (1973) 1327-1348
61. Ward P.L. New interpretation of the geology of Iceland. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 82 (1971) 2991-3012
62. Young K.B., Jancin M., Voight B., and Orkan N.I. Transform deformation of Tertiary rocks along the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, north central Iceland. J. Geophys. Res. 90 B12 (1985) 99,86-10,010