The ear skin temperature as an indicator of the thermal comfort of pigs

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Volumn 113, Issue 1-3, 2008, Pages 43-56

  Andersen, Heidi Mai Lis ^a,b   Jørgensen, Erik ^c   Dybkjær, Lise ^c   Jørgensen, Bente ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b SKOV AS   (Denmark)

^c DANISH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Behaviour; Diurnal variation; Pigs; Skin temperature; Thermal comfort; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; BODY TEMPERATURE; DIURNAL VARIATION; PIG; PREFERENCE BEHAVIOR; SKIN; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; THERMOREGULATION;

SUIDAE;

EID: 47049103659     PISSN: 01681591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Aarnink A.J.A., Schrama J.W., Heetkamp M.J.W., Stefanowska J., and Huynh T.T.T. Temperature and body weight affect fouling of pig pens. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (2006) 2224-2231
2. Andersen, H.M., 2006. Using ear skin temperature as an indicator of thermal state of growing pigs. In: Pig's skin temperature. An indicator of Thermal comfort. Ph.D thesis by H.M. Andersen. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
3. Andersen, H.M., Nørgaard, L.M., 2006. Relation between growing pigs' lying behaviour and skin temperature measured by thermography. In: Pig's skin temperature. An indicator of Thermal comfort. Ph.D thesis by H.M. Andersen. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
4. Baldwin B.A., and Lipton J.M. Central and peripheral temperatures and EEG changes curing behavioural thermoregulation in pigs. ACTA Neurobiol. Exp. 33 (1973) 433-437
5. Bekkering J., Brandt H., and Hoy T. Results of continuous measurements of ear temperature in boars. ECPA & ECPLF conference. Berlin (2003) 2003
6. Boon C.R. The effect of departure from lower critical temperature on group postural behaviour of pig. Anim. Prod. 33 (1981) 71-79
7. Collin A., Lebreton Y., Fillaut M., Vincent A., Thomas F., and Herpin P. Effects of exposure to high temperature and feeding level on the regional blood flow and oxidative capacity of tissues in piglets. Exp. Physiol. 86 1 (2001) 83-91
8. Dalgaard P. Introductory Statistics with R (2002), Springer-Verlag, New York, USA pp. 267
9. Diggle P.J. Time Series: A Biostatistical Introduction (1990), Oxford University Press Inc., New York, USA p. 257
10. Ekkel E.D., Spoolder H.A.M., Hulsegge I., and Hopster H. Lying characteristics as determinants for space requirements in pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 80 (2003) 19-30
11. Faraway J.J. Extending the Linear Model with R: Generalized Linear, Mixed Effects and Nonparametric Regression Models. (Texts in Statistical Science) (2006), Chapman and Hall/CRC, New York, USA p. 301
12. Gagge A.P., Winslow C.E.A., and Herrington L.P. The influence of clothing on the physiological reactions of the human body to varying environmental temperatures. Am. J. physiol. 124 (1938) 30-50
13. Henken A., Brandsma M., Hel H.A., Van der W., and Verstegen M.W.A. Circadian rhythm in heat production of limit-fed growing pigs of several breeds kept at and below thermal neutrality. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (1993) 1434-1440
14. Hillmann E., Mayer C., and Schrader L. Die anpassungsfaehigkeit von mastschweinen an niedrige umgebungstemperaturen: ethologische und physiologische aspekte. KTBL-Schrift 407 (2001) 167-173
15. Hillmann E., Mayer C., and Schrader L. Lying behaviour and adrenocortical response as indicators of the thermal tolerance of pigs of different weights. Anim. Welfare 13 (2004) 329-335
16. Højsgaard, S., 2006. The doby package. R News 6(2):47-49.
17. Loughmiller J.A., Spire M.F., Dritz S.S., Fenwick B.W., Hosni M.H., and Hogge S.B. Relationship between mean body surface temperature measured by use of infrared thermography and ambient temperature in clinically normal pigs and pigs inoculated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia. AJVR 62 5 (2001) 676-681
18. Mount L.E. The Climatic Physiology of the Pig (1968), Edward Arnold, London, UK pp. 271
19. Olesen B.W., and Fanger P.O. The skin temperature distribution for resting man in comfort. Arch. Sci. Physiol. 27 4 (1973) A385-A393
20. Olesen S., Bassing J.J., and Fanger P.O. Physiological comfort conditions at sixteen combinations of activity, clothing, air velocity and ambient temperature. ASHRAE Trans. 78 II (1972) 199-206
21. Pedersen, S., Sällvik, K., 2002. 4th report of working group on climatization of animal houses. Heat and moisture production at animal and house levels. International Commission of Agricultural Engineering, Section II. Research Centre Bygholm, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. www.agrisci.dk/jbt/spe/CIGReport.
22. Pinheiro J.C., and Bates D.M. Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS (2000), Springer-Verlag, New York, USA pp. 528
23. Pinheiro J., Bates D., DebRoy S., and Sarkar D. Nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package, version 3 (2004) 1-53
24. R Development Core Team, 2005. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.r-project.org/.
25. Riskowski G.L., Bundy D.S., and Matthews J.A. Huddling behavior and hematology of weanling pigs as affected by air velocity and temperature. Trans. ASAE 33 5 (1990) 1677-1686
26. Sällvik K., and Walberg K. The effects of air velocity and temperature on the behaviour and growth of pigs. J. agric. Engng. Res. 30 (1984) 305-312
27. Stombaugh D.P., and Roller W.L. Temperature regulation in young pigs during mild cold and severe heat stress. Trans. ASAE (1977) 1110-1118
28. Xin, H., Shao, B., 2004. Use of computer Vision to Assess and Control Thermal Comfort of Group-Housed Pigs. Third Internationale Workshop on Smart Sensors in Livestock Monitoring, 10-11 September 2004, Leuven, Belgium.