It's the "Foodscape", not the landscape: Using foraging behavior to make functional assessments of landscape condition

Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 53, Issue 3-4, 2007, Pages 297-316

  Searle, Kate R ^a,b   Hobbs, Nicholas T ^b   Gordon, Iain J ^a  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavioral indicators; Diet selection; Foodscape; Foraging behavior; Land use change; Ruminants

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GRAZING; HERBIVORE; LAND USE CHANGE; RECIPROCITY; RUMINANT;

ANIMALIA; BOVIDAE;

EID: 47049098916     PISSN: 15659801     EISSN: 22244662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1560/IJEE.53.3.297     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Abule, E., Snyman, H.A., Smit, G.N. 2007. Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: I. Herbaceous vegetation cover. Journal of Arid Environments 70: 253-271.
2. Bailey, D.W., Gross, J.E., Laca, E.A., Rittenhouse, L.R., Coughenour, M.B., Swift, D.M., Sims, P.L. 1996. Mechanisms that result in large herbivore grazing distribution patterns. Journal of Range Management 49: 386-400.
3. Belovsky, G.E. 1978. Diet optimisation in a generalist herbivore: the moose. Theoretical Population Biology 14: 105-134.
4. Bergman, C.M., Fryxell, J.M., Gates, C.C., Fortin, D. 2001. Ungulate foraging strategies: energy maximizing or time minimizing? Journal of Animal Ecology 70: 289-300.
5. Cederlund, G. 1989. Activity patterns in moose and roe deer in a north boreal forest. Holarctic Ecology 12: 39-45.
6. Day, J.E.L., Kyriazakis, I., Rogers, P.J. 1998. Food choice and intake: towards a unifying framework of learning and feeding motivation. Nutrition Research Reviews 11: 25-43.
7. deCalesta, D.S., Nagy, J.G., Bailey, J.A. 1974. Some effects of starvation on mule deer rumen bacteria. Journal of Wildlife Management 38: 815-822.
8. Demment, M.W., Van Soest, P.J. 1985. A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. American Naturalist 125: 641-672.
9. Dunham, K.M. 1981. The foraging behavior of impala Aepyceros melampus. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 12: 36-40.
10. El Aich, A., Moukadem, A.. Rittenhouse, L.R. 1989a. Feeding station behaviour of free-grazing sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 24: 259-265.
11. El Aich, A., Touibi, M., Rittenhouse, L.R. 1989b. Food intake by free-grazing sheep and resource productivity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 24: 239-245.
12. Eliassen, S., Jorgensen, C., Mangel, M., Giske, J. 2007. Exploration or exploitation: life expectancy changes the value of learning in foraging strategies. Oikos 116: 513-523.
13. Erriksson, L.O., Kallqvist, M.L., Mossing, T. 1981. Seasonal development of circadian and short-term activity in captive reindeer, Rangifer tarandus. Oecologia 48: 64-70.
14. Forchhammer, M. 1995. Sex, age, and seasonal variation in the foraging dynamics of muskoxen, Ovibos mochatus, in Greenland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1344-1361.
15. Fortin, D., Fryxell, J.M., Pilote, R. 2002. The temporal scale of foraging decisions in bison. Ecology 83: 970-982.
16. Fortin, D., Boyce, M.S., Merrill, E.H. 2004. Multi-tasking by mammalian herbivores: overlapping processes during foraging. Ecology 85: 2312-2322.
17. Goddard, J. 1968. Food preferences of two black rhinoceros populations. East African Wildlife Journal 6: 1-18.
18. Gordon, I.J. 1989. Vegetation community selection by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. I. Food supply. Journal of Applied Ecology 26: 35-52.
19. Gordon, I.J. 2008. It's the foodscape not that landscape that foraging animals respond to: a comment on "Assembling a diet from different places". In: Prins, H.H.T., van Langevelde, F., eds. Resource ecology. Springer, New York.
20. Gordon, I.J., Illius, A.W. 1988. Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants. Functional Ecology 2: 15-22.
21. Greenwood, G.B., Demment, M.W. 1988. The effect of fasting on short-term cattle grazing behavior. Grass and Forage Science 43: 377-386.
22. Gregorini, P., Gunter, S.A., Masino, C.A., Beck, P.A. 2007. Effects of ruminal fill on short-term herb-age intake rate and grazing dynamics of beef heifers. Grass and Forage Science 62: 346-354.
23. Gross, J.E., Shipley, L.A., Hobbs, N.T., Spalinger, D.E., Wunder, B.A. 1993. Functional response of herbivores in food-concentrated patches - tests of a mechanistic model. Ecology 74: 778-791.
24. Hobbs, N.T., Swift, D.M. 1985. Estimates of habitat carrying capacity incorporating explicit nutritional constraints. Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 814-822.
25. Hobbs, N.T., Hanley, T.A. 1990. Habitat evaluation: Do use/availability data reflect carying capacity? Journal of Wildlife Management 54: 515-522.
26. Hobbs, N.T., Gross, J.E., Shipley, L.A., Spalinger, D.E., Wunder, B.A. 2003. Herbivore functional response in heterogeneous environments: a context among models. Ecology 84: 666-681.
27. Hoekstra, J.M., Boucher, T.M., Ricketts, T.H., Roberts, C. 2005. Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters 8: 23-29.
28. Hofmann, R.A. 1989. Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system. Oecologia 78: 443-457.
29. Iason, G.R., Mantecon, A.R., Sim, D.A., Gonzalez, J., Foreman, E., Bermudez, F.F., Elston, D.A. 1999. Can grazing sheep compensate for a daily foraging time constraint? Journal of Animal Ecology 68: 87-93.
30. Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J. 1987. The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants. Journal of Animal Ecology 56: 989-1000.
31. Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J. 1992. Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia 89: 428-434.
32. Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J. 1999. Scaling up from functional response to numerical response in vertebrate herbivores. In: Olff, H., Brown, V.K., Drent, R.H., eds. Herbivores: between predators and plants. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, pp. 397-497.
33. Inglis, I.R., Langton, S., Forkman, B., Lazarus, J. 2001. An information primacy model of exploratory and foraging behaviour. Animal Behaviour 62: 543-557.
34. IPCC. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L. 2007. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment. Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 996 pp.
35. Jacobo, E J., Rodriguez, A.M., Bartoloni, N., Deregibus, V.A. 2006. Rotational grazing effects on rangeland vegetation at a farm scale. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59: 249-257.
36. Jarman, P.J. 1974. The social organization of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48: 215-266.
37. Jarman, P.J. 1982. Prospects for inter-specific comparison in social biology. In: King's College Sociobiology Group, ed. Current problems in sociobiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 323-342.
38. Khumalo, G., Holechek, J., Thomas, M., Molinar, F. 2007. Long-term vegetation productivity and trend under two stocking levels on Chihuahuan Desert rangeland. Rangeland Ecology and Management 60: 165-171.
39. Laca, E.A., Ungar, E.D., Seligman, N.G., Demment, M.W. 1991. Why herbage mass does not determine bite weight by grazing cattle: sward structure and bite dimensions. Proceedings of the Second Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA. 2-3 August 1991.
40. Laca, E.A., Ungar, E.D., Demment, M.W. 1994. Mechanisms of handling time and intake rate of a large mammalian grazer. Applied Animal Behavior Science 39: 3-19.
41. Lazo, A., Soriguer, R.C. 1993. Size-biased foraging behavior in feral cattle. Applied Animal Behavior Science 36: 99-110.
42. Loe, L.E., Bonenfant, C., Mysterud, A., Severinsen, T., Øritsland, N.A., Langvatn, R., Stien, A., Irvine, R.J., Stenseth, N.C. 2007. Activity pattern of arctic reindeer in a predator-free environment: no need to keep a daily rhythm. Oecologia 152: 617-624.
43. Lorenz, K. 1950. The comparative method in studying innate behavior patterns. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 4: 221-268.
44. MacFarlane, A.M., Coulson, G. 2007. Sexual segregation in western grey kangaroos: testing alternative evolutionary hypotheses. Journal of Zoology 273: 220-228.
45. Mattson, W.J. 1980. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11: 119-161.
46. McNamara, J.M., Houston, A.I. 1985. Optimal foraging and learning. Journal of Theoretical Biology 117: 231-249.
47. McNaughton, S.J. 1979. Grazing as an optimization process: grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist 113: 691-703.
48. McNaughton, S.J. 1989. Interactions of plants of the field layer with large herbivores. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London 61: 15-29.
49. 2 and defoliation effects on a shortgrass steppe: forage quality versus quantity for ruminants. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 111: 166-184.
50. 2 enhances productivity, alters species composition, and reduces digestibility of shortgrass steppe vegetation. Ecological Applications 14: 208-219.
51. Newman, J.A., Parsons, A.J., Penning, P.D. 1994. A note on the behavioural strategies used by grazing animals to alter their intake rates. Grass and Forage Science 49: 502-505.
52. Novellie, P.A. 1978. Comparison of the foraging strategies of blesbok and springbok on the Transvaal highveld. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 8:137-144.
53. Owen-Smith, N. 1979. Assessing the foraging efficiency of a large herbivore, the kudu. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 9: 102-110.
54. Owen-Smith, N. 1993. Evaluating optimal diet models for an African browsing ruminant, the kudu: how constraining are the assumed constraints? Evolutionary Ecology 7: 499-524.
55. Owen-Smith, N., Novellie, P. 1982. What should a clever ungulate eat? American Naturalist 119: 151-178.
56. Parsons, A.J., Newman, J.A., Penning, P.D., Harvey, A., Orr, R.J. 1994. Diet preference of sheep: Effects of recent diet, physiological state and species abundance. Journal of Animal Ecology 63: 465-478.
57. Perez-Barberia, F.J., Walker, D.M., Gordon, I.J. 2004. Sex differences in feeding behaviour at feeding station scale in Soay sheep (Ovies aries). Behaviour 141: 999-1020.
58. Perez-Barberia, F.J., Walker, D.M., Marion, G. 2007. Maximizing intake under challenging foraging conditions at two spatial scales in Soay sheep. Animal Behaviour 73: 339-348.
59. Provenza, F.D., Villalba, J.J., Cheney, C.D., Werner, S.J. 1998. Self-organization of foraging behaviour: from simplicity to complexity without goals. Nutrition Research Reviews 11: 199-222.
60. Rook, A.J., Harvey, A., Parsons, A.J., Orr, R.J., Rutter, S.M. 2004. Bite dimensions and grazing movements by sheep and cattle grazing homogeneous perennial ryegrass swards. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 88: 227-242.
61. Ruyle, G.B., Dwyer, D.D. 1985. Feeding stations of sheep as an indicator of diminished food supply. Journal of Animal Science 61: 349-353.
62. Sachro, L.L., Strong, W.L., Gates, C.C. 2005. Prescribed burning effects on summer elk forage availability in the subalpine zone, Banff National Park, Canada. Journal of Environmental Management 77: 183-193.
63. Searle, K.R., Vandervelde, T., Hobbs, N.T., Shipley, L.A. 2005. Gain functions for large herbivores: tests of alternative models. Journal of Animal Ecology 74: 181-189.
64. Senft, R.L., Coughenour, M.B., Bailey, D.W., Rittenhouse, L.R., Sala, O.E., Swift, D.M. 1987. Large herbivore foraging and ecological hierarchies. Bioscience 37: 789-799.
65. Shipley, L.A., Gross, J.E., Spalinger, D.E., Hobbs, N.T., Wunder, B.A. 1994. The scaling of intake rate in mammalian herbivores. American Naturalist 143: 1055-1082.
66. Spalinger, D.E., Hobbs, N.T. 1992. Mechanisms of foraging in mammalian herbivores: new models of functional response. American Naturalist 140: 325-348.
67. Stephens, D.W., Krebs, J.R. 1986. Foraging theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
68. Taillon, J., Cote, S.D. 2007. Social rank and winter forage quality affect aggressiveness in white-tailed deer fawns. Animal Behaviour 74: 265-275.
69. Tinbergen, N. 1951. The study of instinct. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
70. Underwood, R. 1983. The feeding behaviour of African ungulates. Behaviour 84: 195-243.
71. White, T.C.R. 1978. Importance of a relative shortage of food in animal ecology. Oecologia 33:71-86.
72. Wilmshurst, J.E., Fryxell, J.M., Colucci, P.E. 1999a. What constrains daily intake in Thomson's gazelles? Ecology 80: 2338-2347.
73. Wilmshurst, J.F., Fryxell, J.M., Farm, B.P., Sinclair, A.R.E., Henschel, C.P. 1999b. Spatial distribution of Serengeti wildebeest in relation to resources. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 77: 1223-1232.