Forest fragmentation and body condition in wintering black-capped chickadees

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Volumn 86, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 572-581

  Turcotte, Yves ^a,b   Desrochers, André ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^b Institut de Technologie Agricole de LaPocatière   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOENERGETICS; BODY CONDITION; BODY MASS; DEFORESTATION; EMIGRATION; FEATHER; FITNESS; FOOD SUPPLY; FOREST COVER; GROWTH RATE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MORTALITY; PASSERINE; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; WINTER;

AVES; PARIDAE; PARUS ATRICAPILLUS;

EID: 46749158392     PISSN: 00084301     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/Z08-030     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Ahlborn, B., and Blake, R.W. 2001. Why birds cannot be smaller than bees. Can. J. Zool. 79: 1724-1726. doi:10.1139/cjz-79-9-1724.
2. Anonymous. 2005. Canadian climate information [online]. Available from http://www.climat.meteo.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/[accessed 12 February 2008].
3. Ardia, D.R. 2005. Super size me: an experimental test of the factors affecting lipid content and the ability of residual body mass to predict lipid stores in nestling European Starlings. Funct. Ecol. 19: 414-420. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00997.x.
4. Barkan, C.P.L. 1990. A field test of risk-sensitive foraging in black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus). Ecology, 71: 391-400. doi:10.2307/1940276.
5. Berger, M., and Hart, J.S. 1974. Physiology and energetics of flight. In Avian biology. Vol. IV. Edited by D.S. Farner and J.R. King. Academic Press, New York. pp. 415-477.
6. Blake, J.G. 1987. Species-area relationships of winter residents in isolated woodlots. Wilson Bull. 99: 243-252.
7. Blem, C.R. 1990. Avian energy storage. Curr. Ornithol. 7: 59-113.
8. Brodin, A., and Clark, C.W. 1997. Long-term hoarding in the Paridae: a dynamic model. Behav. Ecol. 8: 178-185. doi:10.1093/beheco/8.2.178.
9. Brotons, L., Desrochers, A., and Turcotte, Y. 2001. Food hoarding behaviour of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in relation to forest edges. Oikos, 95: 511-519. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950316. x.
10. Brown, M.E. 1996. Assessing body condition in birds. Curr. Ornithol. 13: 67-135.
11. Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. 2001. Kullback-Leibler information as a basis for strong inference in ecological studies. Wildl. Res. 28: 111-119. doi:10.1071/WR99107.
12. Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York.
13. Calder, W.A. 1984. Size, function, and life history. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
14. Caraco, T. 1979. Time budgeting and group size: a test of a theory. Ecology, 60: 618-627. doi:10.2307/1936082.
15. Carrascal, L.M., and Polo, V. 2006. Effects of wing area reduction on winter body mass and foraging behaviour in coal tits: field and aviary experiments. Anim. Behav. 72: 663-672. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.11.027.
16. Chaplin, S.B. 1974. Daily energetics of the Black-capped Chickadee, Parus atricapillus, in winter. J. Comp. Physiol. B, 89: 321-330. doi:10.1007/BF00695350.
17. Clark, C.W., and Ekman, J. 1995. Dominant and subordinate fattening strategies: a dynamic game. Oikos, 72: 205-212. doi:10.2307/3546222.
18. Cooper, S.J. 2007. Daily and seasonal variation in body mass and visible fat in mountain chickadees and juniper titmice. Wilson J. Ornithol. 119: 720-724. doi:10.1676/06-183.1.
19. Desrochers, A. 1990. Sex determination of black-capped chickadees with a discriminant analysis. J. Field Ornithol. 61: 79-84.
20. Desrochers, A., Bélisle, M., and Bourque, J. 2002. Do mobbing calls affect the perception of predation risk by forest birds? Anim. Behav. 64: 709-714. doi:10.1006/anbe.2002.4013.
21. Doherty, P.F., Jr., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 2002. Survivorship of permanent-resident birds in a fragmented landscape. Ecology, 83: 844-857. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0844:SOPRBI]2.0.CO;2.
22. Doherty, P.F., Jr., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 2003. Relationship of nutritional condition of permanent-resident woodland birds with woodlot area, supplemental food, and snow cover. Auk, 120: 331-336. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0331:RONCOP]2.0.CO;2.
23. Dolby, A.S., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 1999. Effects of winter weather on horizontal and vertical use of isolated forest fragments by bark-foraging birds. Condor, 101: 408-412. doi:10.2307/1370006.
24. Dunn, E.H. 2001. Mass change during migration stopover: a comparison of species group and sites. J. Field Ornithol. 72: 419-432.
25. Dunn, E.H. 2002. A cross-Canada comparison of mass change in birds during migration stopover. Wilson Bull. 114: 368-379. doi:10.1676/0043- 5643(2002)114[0368:ACCCOM]2.0.CO;2.
26. Ecoregion Working Group. 1989. Ecoclimatic regions of Canada, first approximation. Ecol. Land Classif. Ser. 23. Ecoregion Working Group, Environment Canada, Ottawa.
27. Ekman, J.B., and Lilliendahl, K. 1993. Using priority to food access: fattening strategies in dominance-structured willow tit (Parus montanus) flocks. Behav. Ecol. 4: 232-238. doi:10.1093/beheco/4.3.232.
28. Elkie, P., Rempel, R., and Carr, A. 1999. Patch analyst user's manual. TM-002. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Northwest Science and Technology, Thunder Bay, Ont.
29. Fretwell, S.D. 1972. Populations in a seasonal environment. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
30. Gosler, A.G. 1996. Environmental and social determinants of winter fat storage in the great tit Parus major. J. Anim. Ecol. 65: 1-17. doi:10.2307/5695.
31. Gosler, A.G. 2001. The effects of trapping on the perception, and trade-off, of risks in the Great Tit Parus major. Ardea, 89: 75-84.
32. Gotelli, N.J., and Ellison, A.M. 2004. A primer of ecological statistics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
33. Graber, J.W., and Graber, R.R. 1979. Severe winter weather and bird populations in southern Illinois. Wilson Bull. 91: 88-103.
34. Graedel, S.K., and Loveland, R.E. 1995. Seasonal and diurnal mass variation in black-capped chickadees and white-throated sparrows. Wilson Bull. 107: 723-727.
35. Greenwood, J.G. 2003. Measuring sexual size dimorphism in birds. Ibis, 145: E124-E126. doi:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00175.x.
36. Groom, J.D., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 2006. Patch colonization dynamics in Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) in a fragmented landscape: a manipulative study. Auk, 123: 1149-1160. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2006) 123[1149:PCDICC]2.0.CO;2.
37. Grubb, T.C., Jr. 1977. Weather-dependent foraging behavior of some birds wintering in a deciduous woodland: horizontal adjustments. Condor, 79: 271-274. doi:10.2307/1367175.
38. Grubb, T.C., Jr. 1989. Ptilochronology: feather growth bars as indicators of nutritional status. Auk, 106: 314-320.
39. Grubb, T.C., Jr. 2006. Ptilochronology: feather time and the biology of birds. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
40. Haftorn, S. 1989. Seasonal and diurnal body weight variations in titmice, based on analyses of individual birds. Wilson Bull. 101: 217-235.
41. Hamel, P.B., Smith, W.P., and Wahl, J.W. 1993. Wintering bird populations of fragmented forest habitat in the Central Basin, Tennessee. Biol. Conserv. 66: 107-115. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90141-M.
42. Hinsley, S.A. 2000. The costs of multiple patch use by birds. Landsc. Ecol. 15: 765-775. doi:10.1023/A:1008149403852.
43. Houston, A.I., and McNamara, J.M. 1993. A theoretical investigation of the fat reserves and mortality levels of small birds in winter. Ornis Scand. 24: 205-219. doi:10.2307/3676736.
44. Kaiser, A. 1993. A new multi-category classification of subcutaneous fat deposits of songbirds. J. Field Ornithol. 64: 246-255.
45. Koivula, K., Orell, M., and Lahti, K. 2002. Plastic daily fattening routines in willow tits. J. Anim. Ecol. 71: 816-823. doi:10.1046/j.1365- 2656.2002.00646.x.
46. Krams, I. 2002. Mass-dependent take-off ability in wintering great tits (Parus major): comparison of top-ranked adult males and subordinate juvenile females. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 51: 345-349. doi:10.1007/s00265-002-0452-8.
47. Kullberg, C., Jakobsson, S., and Fransson, T. 2000. High migratory fuel loads impair predator evasion in sedge warblers. Auk, 117: 1034-1038. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[1034:HMFLIP]2.0.CO;2.
48. Lehikoinen, E. 1987. Seasonality of the daily weight cycle in wintering passerines and its consequences. Ornis Scand. 18: 216-226. doi:10.2307/3676769.
49. Lilliendahl, K. 2002. Daily patterns of body mass gain in four species of small wintering birds. J. Avian Biol. 33: 212-218. doi:10.1034/j.1600- 048X.2002.330302.x.
50. Lima, S.L. 1985. Maximizing feeding efficiency and minimizing time exposed to predators: a trade-off in the black-capped chickadee. Oecologia (Berl.), 66: 60-67. doi:10.1007/BF00378552.
51. Lima, S.L. 1986. Predation risk and unpredictable feeding conditions: determinants of body mass in birds. Ecology, 67: 377-385. doi:10.2307/1938580.
52. Macleod, R., Gosler, A.G., and Cresswell, W. 2005. Diurnal mass gain strategies and perceived predation risk in the great tit Parus major. J. Anim. Ecol. 74: 956-964. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00993.x.
53. Matthysen, E. 1999. Nuthatches (Sitta europaea: Aves) in forest fragments: demography of a patchy population. Oecologia (Berl.), 119: 501-509. doi:10.1007/s004420050813.
54. McNamara, J.M., and Houston, A.I. 1990. The value of fat reserves and the trade-off between starvation and predation. Acta Biotheor. 38: 37-61. doi:10.1007/BF00047272. PMID:2109917.
55. McNamara, J.M., Ekman, J., and Houston, A.I. 2004. The effect of thermoregulatory substitution on optimal energy reserves of small birds in winter. Oikos, 105: 192-196. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12188.x.
56. Merom, K., Yom-Tov, Y., and McClery, R. 2000. Philopatry to stopover site and body condition of transient reed warblers during autumn migration through Israël. Condor, 102: 441-444. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0441: PTSSAB]2.0.CO;2.
57. Metcalfe, N.B., and Ure, S.E. 1995. Diurnal variation in flight performance and hence potential predation risk in small birds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 261: 395-400. doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0165.
58. Pennycuick, C.J. 1989. Bird flight performance: a practical calculation manual. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
59. Polo, V., Carrascal, L.M., and Metcalfe, N.B. 2007. The effects of latitude and day length on fattening strategies of wintering coal tits Periparus ater (L.): a field study and and aviary experiment. J. Anim. Ecol. 76: 866-872. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01270.x. PMID:17714264.
60. Pravosudov, V.V., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 1997a. Energy management in passerine birds during the nonbreeding season. Curr. Ornithol. 14: 189-234.
61. Pravosudov, V.V., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 1997b. Management of fat reserves and food caches in tufted titmice (Parus bicolor) in relation to unpredictable food supply. Behav. Ecol. 8: 332-339. doi:10.1093/beheco/ 8.3.332.
62. Pravosudov, V.V., and Grubb, T.C., Jr. 1998. Management of fat reserves in tufted titmice Baelophus bicolor in relation to risk of predation. Anim. Behav. 56: 49-54. doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.0739. PMID:9710461.
63. Pravosudov, V.V., and Lucas, J.R. 2001. A dynamic model of short-term energy management in small food-caching and non-caching birds. Behav. Ecol. 12: 207-218. doi:10.1093/beheco/12.2.207.
64. Pyle, P. 1997. Identification guide to North American birds. Part I. Columbidae to Ploceidae. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, Calif.
65. Redfern, C.P.F., Slough, A.E.J., Dean, B., Brice, J.L., and Jones, P.H. 2000. Fat and body condition in migrating redwings Turdus iliacus. J. Avian Biol. 31: 197-205. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310211.x.
66. Rintamäki, P.T., Stone, J.R., and Lundberg, A. 2003. Seasonal and diurnal body-mass fluctuations for two nonhoarding species of Parus in Sweden modeled using path analysis. Auk, 120: 658-668. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0658:SADBFF]2.0.CO;2.
67. Rogers, C.M. 2003. New and continuing issues with using visible fat classes to estimate fat stores of birds. J. Avian Biol. 34: 129-133. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03223.x.
68. Rogers, C.M., Nolan, V., Jr., and Ketterson, E.D. 1994. Winter fattening in the dark-eyed junco: plasticity and possible interaction with migration trade-offs. Oecologia (Berl.), 97: 526-532. doi:10.1007/BF00325892.
69. SAS Institute Inc. 2003. SAS [computer program]. Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
70. Schulte-Hostedde, A.I., Zinner, B., Millar, J.S., and Hickling, G.J. 2005. Restitution of mass-size residuals: validating body condition indices. Ecology, 86: 155-163. doi:10.1890/04-0232.
71. Smith, S.M. 1991. The Black-capped Chickadee: behavioral ecology and natural history. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
72. Sokal, R.R., and Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, Calif.
73. Stephens, P.A., Buskirk, S.W., Hayward, G.D., and Martinez Del Rio, C. 2005. Information theory and hypothesis testing: a call for pluralism. J. Appl. Ecol. 42: 4-12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01002.x.
74. Stokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., and Koch, G.G. 2000. Categorical data analysis using the SAS system. 2nd ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.
75. Telleria, J.L., Virgos, E., Carbonell, R., Pérez-Tris, J., and Santos, T. 2001. Behavioural responses to changing landscapes: flock structure and anti-predator strategies of tits wintering in fragmented forests. Oikos, 95: 253-264. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950207.x.
76. Turcotte, Y. 2005. Structure du paysage et écologie comportementale des oiseaux forestiers en hiver. Ph.D. thesis, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec [online]. Available from http://www.theses.ulaval. ca/2005/23015/23015.pdf [accessed 8 February 2008].
77. Turcotte, Y., and Desrochers, A. 2002. Playbacks of mobbing calls of black-capped chickadees help estimate the abundance of forest birds in winter. J. Field Ornithol. 73: 303-307.
78. Turcotte, Y., and Desrochers, A. 2003. Landscape-dependent response to predation risk by forest birds. Oikos, 100: 614-618. doi:10.1034/j.1600- 0706.2003.12234.x.
79. Turcotte, Y., and Desrochers, A. 2005. Landscape-dependent distribution of northern forest birds in winter. Ecography, 28: 129-140. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04047.x.
80. Verhulst, S., and Hogstad, O. 1996. Social dominance and energy reserves in flocks of willow tits. J. Avian Biol. 27: 203-208. doi:10.2307/3677223.
81. Winker, K. 1995. Autumn stopover on the isthmus of Tehuantepec by woodland Neartic-Neotropic migrants. Auk, 112: 690-700.
82. Winker, K., Warner, D.W., and Weisbrod, A.R. 1992. Daily mass gains among woodland migrants at an island stopover site. Auk, 109: 853-862.
83. Witter, M.S., and Cuthill, I.E. 1993. The ecological costs of avian fat storage. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 340: 73-90. doi:10.1098/rstb.1993.0050. PMID:8099746.
84. Yong, W., and Moore, F.R. 1993. Relation between migratory activity and energetic condition among thrushes (Turdinae) following passage across the Gulf of Mexico. Condor, 95: 934-943. doi:10.2307/1369429.