Politics, economics and tourism development in Egypt: Insights into the sectoral transformations of a neo-patrimonial rentier state

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 939-959

  Richter, Thomas ^a   Steiner, Christian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^b JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; LIBERALIZATION; MACROECONOMICS; POLITICAL SYSTEM; STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; TOURISM MARKET;

AFRICA; EGYPT; NORTH AFRICA;

EID: 46749104752     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436590802106080     Document Type: Article

References (74)

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16. Ibid.
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36. More precisely, and in contrast to Karl Marx, who associates absolute rent exclusively with owners of private property, it is the external and internal sovereignty of the state which explains the monopoly of governmental institutions over, for instance, the cultural heritage of a country. Seeing it this way, it is the state that has captured its own monopolistic access to this lucrative source of income.
37. Schmid, Das Konzept des Rentier-Staates, p 10.
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59. The annual tourism investments had already peaked in 1998/99 at LE5203 billion. After 2000 investment decelerated as a result of problems in the Egyptian banking sector and a temporary oversupply of hotel rooms.
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61. Clearly, external factors like the global expansion of tourism demand and the redirection of tourist flows within the Mediterranean region (eg because of the war in former Yugoslavia) had a signi.cant in.uence on this growth too. Nevertheless, without the necessary regulatory changes in Egypt, the tourism industry would not have been able to take advantage of these externally generated opportunities.
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67. Authors' calculation based on Tohamy & Swinscoe, The Economic Impact of Tourism in Egypt
68. and IMF archives, various years.
69. SIFs are social security schemes funded by the reserves and contributions of employees. P Alba, S Al-Shawarby& F Iqbal, Fiscal and Public Debt Sustainability in Egypt, Middle East and North Africa Working Paper Series 38, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2004, p 8.
70. These were the Banque du Caire, Bank Misr, the National Bank of Egypt and the Bank of Alexandria.
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73. J Sowers, 'Allocation and accountability: State-business relations and environmental politics in Egypt', unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Politics, Princeton University, 2003, pp 221-233.
74. Richter, 'The political economy of regime maintenance in Egypt'.