Patriotic history and public intellectuals critical of power

Journal of Southern African Studies

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 379-396

  Tendi, Blessing Miles ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; HUMAN RIGHTS; NATIONAL POLITICS; POLITICAL CONFLICT;

AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 46649106084     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: 14653893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070802038041     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. See T. Ranger, 'Nationalist Historiography, Patriotic History and the History of the Nation: The Struggle Over the Past in Zimbabwe', Journal of Southern African Studies, 30, 2 (October 2003).
2. M. Ignatieff, 'The Role of the Journalist as Public Intellectual', Inaugural Reader's Digest Public Lecture at Concordia University's Loyola Campus, 23 September 2005, p. 1.
3. A. Lightman, The Role of the Public Intellectual, www.mit.edu/ comm-forum/papers, retrieved on 11 January 2005.
4. L.A. Coser, Men of Ideas (New York, The Free Press, 1965), p. 3.
5. E. Said, Representations of the Intellectual (Reith Lecture Series, New York, Columbia University, 1993).
6. Ignatieff, The Role of the Journalist', p. 7.
7. 'Activism, 'Anarchism, and Power: Conversation with Noam Chomsky', Conversations With History, 22 March 2002, globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people2/Chomsky/chomsky-con0.html, retrieved on 11 January 2005
8. N. Chomsky, 'The Responsibility of Intellectuals', The New York Review of Books, 23 February 1967.
9. Coser, Men of Ideas.
10. Plato, The Republic (New York, Penguin Classics, 1989).
11. Coser, Men of Ideas, p. 140.
12. Ibid., p. 207.
13. Ibid., p. 3.
14. Ignatieff, 'The Role of the Journalist', p. 3.
15. Ranger, 'Nationalist Historiography, Patriotic History'.
16. P. Yeros, in B. Raftopoulos, 'The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Challenges for the Left', Journal of Southern African Studies, 32, 2 (June 2006).
17. S. Moyo and P. Yeros, cited in Raftopoulos, 'The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Challenges for the Left'.
18. 'Activism, Anarchism, and Power: Conversation with Noam Chomsky', Conversations With History, 22 March 2002.
19. B. Kagoro, 'The Evolution of the NCA', Agenda, 2, 1 (1997), p. 1.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Interview, NCA Deputy Chairperson Ernest Mudzengi, 24 August 2005.
23. Kagoro, 'The Evolution of the NCA', p. 1.
24. Interview, NCA Chairperson Lovemore Madhuku, 2 September 2005.
25. Ibid.
26. Interview, John Makumbe, 26 July 2005.
27. S. Dorman, 'Inclusion and Exclusion: NGOs and Politics in Zimbabwe' (D.Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001), p. 206.
28. John Makumbe, quoted in Dorman, 'Inclusion and Exclusion', p. 208.
29. Interview, NCA Chairperson Lovemore Madhuku, 2 September 2005.
30. Ibid.
31. Interview, Welshman Ncube, 17 August 2005.
32. Ibid.
33. Interview, NCA Chairperson Lovemore Madhuku, 2 September 2005.
34. Ibid.
35. Jonathan Moyo, 'NCA Not Interested In Changing The Constitution', The Independent, 2 July 1999.
36. Jonathan Moyo, 'Let Us Vote "Yes" and Decide Our Own Destiny', The Sunday Mail, 6 February 2000.
37. Welshman Ncube quoted in 'Academics in Action', The Herald, 16 February 2002.
38. 'There is Still Life after the Constitution', The Sunday Mail, 20 February 2000.
39. 'Zimbabwe: Print Media', The Electoral Institute of Southern Africa Johannesburg, February 2002.
40. 'The Daily News: A Dissenting Voice', (UNHCR, Geneva, 2004).
41. 'Independent Harare Paper Attacked: Private Printing Firm Petrol-Bombed', Business Day, 12 February 2002.
42. Masipula Sithole died of a stroke while on sabbatical in the United States of America aged 56.
43. 'An Ex-Freedom Fighter's Perspective on Land Question', The Financial Gazette, 9 to 15 August 2001.
44. 'We Are Living Rather Dangerously, maCdes', The Financial Gazette, 23 to 24 May 2002.
45. 'Jonathan Moyo Responds to Sithole's Public Eye', The Financial Gazette, 5 to 11 April 2001.
46. Interview, Jonathan Moyo, 20 September 2005.
47. Ibid.
48. 'The "Third Chimurenga" is Officially Over: What Next?', The Financial Gazette, 6 to 12 June 2002.
49. 'The Concept of Normalising the Abnormal', The Financial Gazette, 29 March to 4 April 2001.
50. Wilfred Mhanda, cited in 'An Ex-Freedom Fighter's Perspective on Land Question', The Financial Gazette, 9 to 15 August 2001.
51. '20 Years into Uhuru: Is Zimbabwe Ready for Change?', The Financial Gazette, 20 to 26 April 2000.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid.
56. 'On "Stooges" and "Zvimbwasungata"', The Financial Gazette, 19 to 25 October 2000.
57. Ibid.
58. 'Unblocking Zimbabwe's Blocked Transition to Democracy', The Financial Gazette, 9 to 15 January 2003.
59. Ibid.
60. 'On the Concept of National Sovereignty', The Financial Gazette, 8-14 November 2001.
61. Ibid.
62. S.D. Krasner, Sovereignty: Organised Hypocrisy (Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1999).
63. R. Falk, in Steiner and Alston (eds), International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics and Morals (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000).
64. 'On the Concept of National Sovereignty', The Financial Gazette, 8-14 November 2001.
65. R. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and The Third World (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995).
66. G. Evans, 'The Responsibility to Protect and September 11', Address by Gareth Evans to the UNU/Canadian Government Seminar on the Responsibility to Protect, 2002. www.intl-crisis-group.org, retrieved on 21 May 2004.
67. 'Waiting, Kumirira, Ukumelela', The Financial Gazette, 27 June-3 July 2002.
68. B. Raftopoulos, quoted in 'Violent Win Could up World Pressure on Mugabe', The Financial Gazette, 2-8 August 2001.
69. 'Mugabe Tells Blair to Go to Hell', Cable News Network, 3 March 2002.
70. John Makumbe turned his computer on during an interview at the University of Zimbabwe on the 26th of July 2005. It is then that I made this observation.
71. Interview, John Makumbe, 26 July 2005.
72. B. Raftopoulos, 'The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Challenges for the Left', Journal of Southern African Studies, 32, 2 (2007), p. 211.
73. Interview, Lovemore Madhuku, 5 September 2005.
74. Ibid.
75. Coser, Men of Ideas.
76. 'What are our Cherished Values as a People?', The Financial Gazette 10-16 August 2000.
77. Interview, Brian Raftopoulos, 29 July 2005.
78. Dorman, 'Inclusion and Exclusion', p. 174.
79. Interview, Sam Moyo, 7 September 2005.
80. Ibid.
81. Ernest Mudzengi quoted in The Financial Gazette, 27 February to 5 March 2003.
82. Interview, University of Zimbabwe Academic, 23 July 2005.
83. Ibid.
84. I worked as a journalist for The Sunday Mirror in Zimbabwe and observed this 'accepted' practice innumerable times
85. See also Media Professionalism and Ethics in Zimbabwe Volume II: Interviews and Submissions Based on The Media Ethics Inquiry, Harare, Department of Information and Publicity in Office of The President and Cabinet Republic of Zimbabwe, February 2002
86. 'Newspapers Fail Objectivity Test', The Financial Gazette, 20 December 2001.
87. 'Newspapers Fail Objectivity Test', The Financial Gazette, 20 December 2001.
88. Morgan Tsvangirai, quoted in Dorman, 'Inclusion and Exclusion', p. 74.
89. This assertion is based on my observations as an observer at The National Constitutional Assembly's (NCA) All Stakeholders Constitutional Conference, Harare International Conference Centre (HICC) Jacaranda Conference Room, 17 September 2005.
90. R. Majongwe, All Stakeholders Constitutional Conference, Harare International Conference Centre (HICC) Jacaranda Conference Room, 17 September 2005.
91. Interview, Brian Raftopoulos, 29 July 2005.
92. Interview, Joseph Kurebwa, 22 July 2005.
93. Interview, Tafataona Mahoso, 5 August 2005.
94. Interview, Godfrey Chikowore, 26 July 2005.
95. Interview, Joseph Kurebwa, 22 July 2005. Kurebwa teaches Political Science at the University of Zimbabwe. He identified himself as an intellectual favouring 'continuity' not 'change' following the 2000 referendum. He offered many insights on his and his academic colleagues in both intellectual camps' perceptions of each other.
96. Interview, Elphas Mukonoweshuro, 20 July 2005.
97. Interview, Lovemore Madhuku, 5 September 2005.
98. Ibid.
99. Interview, John Makumbe, 26 July 2005.
100. Interview, Brian Raftopoulos, 29 July 2005.
101. Raftopoulos, quoted in 'Mugabe Approval Ratings Soar', The Financial Gazette, 26 August-1 September 2004.
102. Interview, Lovemore Madhuku, 5 September 2005.
103. Interview, Priscilla Misihairabwi-Mushonga, 2 September 2005. Misihairabwi-Mushonga is an MDC MP, a qualified journalist and works in the rights-related NGO sector.
104. Interview, Brian Raftopoulos, 29 July 2005.
105. Interview, Elphas Mukonoweshuro, 20 July 2005.
106. Ibid.
107. Ibid.
108. Ibid.
109. Interview, John Makumbe, 26 July 2005.
110. Mkandawire, 'African Intellectuals and Nationalism', in Mkandawire, African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development (London, Zed Books, 2004).
111. B. Raftopoulos, 'The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Challenges for the Left', Journal of Southern African Studies, 32, 2.
112. Ibid.
113. Interview, Jonathan Moyo, 20 September 2005.
114. Mkandawire, African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development.
115. G. Ayittey quoted in T. Mkandawire, 'African Intellectuals and Nationalism', in Mkandawire (ed.), African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development (London, Zed Books, 2004), p. 36.
116. Mkandawire, 'African Intellectuals and Nationalism'.