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The literal translation is ring-a-ring-o'roses or circle around. The girotondi is a left-wing civil society protest movement formed in 2002 by artists, directors, intellectuals, and unionists predominantly to protest against the Berlusconi government; however, at times they have also opposed the center-left coalition (the center-left coalition - previously referred to as the Olive Tree and now as the Union - was in opposition between 2001-2006 and at the time of writing is currently in government).
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In 1994 the PDS received 4.4% of the vote in Germany (19.8% in the East and 0.9% in the West) see F. Hartleb (2004) Rechts- und Linkspopulismus: Eine Fallstudie anhand von Schill-Partei und PDS Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 232-233
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In 1994 the PDS received 4.4% of the vote in Germany (19.8% in the East and 0.9% in the West) see F. Hartleb (2004) Rechts- und Linkspopulismus: Eine Fallstudie anhand von Schill-Partei und PDS (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften), pp. 232-233).
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In 1998, it received 5.1% of the vote in Germany, and 21.6% in East Germany. The PDS reached the height of its electoral success in the 2001 Berlin regional elections with 22.6% of the vote, see S. Gapper (2003) The rise and fall of Germany's party of democratic socialism. German Politics, 12, 69
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In 1998, it received 5.1% of the vote in Germany, and 21.6% in East Germany. The PDS reached the height of its electoral success in the 2001 Berlin regional elections with 22.6% of the vote, see S. Gapper (2003) The rise and fall of Germany's party of democratic socialism. German Politics, 12, 69.
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