The multidimensional construct of social support

Literature Reviews in Sport Psychology

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 199-225

  Holt, Nicholas L ^a   Hoar, Sharleen D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Buffering effect; Injury; Main effect; Social support process; Sport performance; Youth sport

Indexed keywords

EID: 46649092373     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (109)

1. Aldwin, C. (2000). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. New York: Guildford Press.
2. Andersen, M. B., and Williams, J. M. (1988). A model of stress and athletic injury: Prediction and prevention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 294-306.
3. Andersen, M. B., and Williams, J. M. (1999). Athletic injury, psychosocial factors and perceptual changes during stress. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 735-741.
4. Babkes, M. L., and Weiss, M. R. (1999). Parental influence on children's cognitive and affective responses to competitive soccer participation. Pediatric Exercise Science, 11, 44-62.
5. Barbee, A. P., Cunningham, M. R., Winstead, B. A., Derlega, V. J., Gulley, M. R., Yankeelov, P. A., and Druen, P. B. (1993). Effects of gender role expectations on the social support process. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 175-190.
6. Barnes, M. K., and Duck, S. (1994). Everyday communicative contexts for social support. In B. R. Burleson, T. L. Albrecht, and I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community (pp. 175-194). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7. Berndt, T. J., and Hestenes, S. L. (1996). The developmental course of social support: Family and peers. In L. Sinclair and M. E. A. Levine (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: Implications for research, prevention, and treatment (pp. 77-106). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8. Bianco, T. (2001). Social support and recovery from sport injury: Elite skiers share their experiences. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 376-388.
9. Bianco, T., and Eklund, R. C. (2001). Conceptual considerations for social support research in sport and exercise settings: The case of sport injury. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23, 85-107.
10. Bianco, T., Malo, S., and Orlick, T. (1999). Sport injury and illness: Elite skiers describe their experiences. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70, 157-169.
11. Blyth, D. A., and Foster-Clark, F. S. (1987). Gender differences in perceived intimacy with different members of adolescents: Social networks. Sex Roles, 17, 689-718.
12. Brewer, B. W. (1994). Review and critique of models of psychological adjustment to athletic injury. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6, 87-100.
13. Brown, S. D., Brady, T., Lent, R. W. Wolfert, J., and Hall, S. (1987). Perceived social support among college students: Three studies of the psychometric characteristics and counselling uses of the Social Support Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 337-354.
14. Bruhn, J. G., and Philips, B. U. (1987). A developmental basis for social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 213-229.
15. Brustad, R. J., Babkes, M. L., and Smith, A. L. (2001). Youth in sport: Psychological considerations. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, and C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 604-635). New York: Wiley.
16. Caspi, A. (1987). Personality in the life course. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1203-1213.
17. Cauce, A. M., Manson, C., Gonzales, N., Hiaga, Y., and Lui, G. (1994). Social support during adolescence: Methodological and theoretical considerations. In F. Nestmann and K. urrelman (Eds.), Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence (pp. 89-108). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
18. Chelladurai, P., Malloy, D., Imamura, H., and Yamaguchi, Y. (1987). A cross-cultural study of preferred leadership in sports. Canadian Journal of Sports Sciences, 12, 106-110.
19. Clark-Lempers, D. S., Lempers, J. D., and Ho, C. (1991). Early, middle, and late adolescents' perceptions of their relationships with significant others. Journal of Adolescent Research, 6, 296-315.
20. Cohen, S. (1988). Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychology, 7, 3, 269-297.
21. Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarack, T., and Hoberman, H. M. (1985). Measuring the functional components of social support. In I. G. Sarason, and B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 73-94). Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
22. Cohen, S., and Syme, S. L. (1985). Issues in the study and application of social support. In S. Cohen and S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 3-22). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
23. Cohen, S., and Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 2, 310-357.
24. Coleman, J., and Roker, D. (1998). Adolescence. The Psychologist, 11, 593-596.
25. Coriell, M., and Cohen, S. (1995). Concordance in the face of a stressful event: When do members of a dyad agree that one person supported the other? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 289-299.
26. Côtè, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 395-417.
27. Culver, D. M., Gilbert, W. D., and Trudel, P. (2003). A decade of qualitative research in sport psychology journals: 1990-1999. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 1-15.
28. Cutrona, C. E., and Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, and G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319-336). New York: Wiley.
29. Duda, J. L., and Hall, H. K. (2001). Achievement goal theory in sport. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, and C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed., pp. 417-443). New York: Wiley.
30. Dunkel-Schetter, C., and Bennett, T. L. (1990). Differentiating the cognitive and social aspects of social support. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, and G. R. Pierce, (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 267-296). New York: Wiley.
31. Dunn, J. G. H., and Holt, N. L. (2003). Collegiate ice hockey players' perceptions of the delivery of an applied sport psychology program. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 351-368.
32. Dunn, J. G. H., and Holt, N. L. (2004). A qualitative investigation of a personal-disclosure mutual-sharing team building activity. The Sport Psychologist, 18, 363-380.
33. Durkheim, É. (1951). Suicide. New York: Free Press.
34. Gauvin, L., and Russell, S. J. (1993). Sport-specific and culturally adapted measures in sport and exercise psychology: Issues and strategies. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, and L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 891-900). New York: Macmillan.
35. Gill, D. L. (2004). Gender and cultural diversity across the lifespan. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 475-501). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
36. Giorgi, A., and Giorgi, B. (2003). Phenomenology. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 25-50). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
37. Glaser, B., and Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
38. Gottlieb, B. H. (1992). Quandaries in translating support concepts to intervention. In H. O. F. Veiel, and U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support. (pp. 293-309). New York: Hemisphere.
39. Gould, D., Guinan, D., Greenleaf, C., Medbery, R., and Peterson, K. (1999). Factors affecting Olympic performance: Perceptions of athletes and coaches from more and less successful teams. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 371-394.
40. Gould, D., Eklund, R.C., Petlichkoff, L., Peterson, K., and Bump, L. (1991). Psychological predictors of state anxiety and performance in age-group wrestlers. Pediatric Exercise Science, 3, 198-208.
41. Green, S. L., and Weinberg, R. S. (2001). Relationships among athletic identity, coping skills, social support, and the psychological impact of injury in recreational participants. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 1, 40-59.
42. Hardy, C. J., Richman, J. M., and Rosenfeld, L. B. (1991). The role of social support in the life stress/injury relationship. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 128-139.
43. Hargreaves, J. (1994). Sporting females: Critical issues in the history and sociology of women's sport. London: Routledge.
44. Harter, S. (1985). Manual for the Social Support Scale for children. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
45. Holt, N. L., and Dunn, J. G. H. (2004). Toward a grounded theory of the psychosocial competencies and environmental conditions associated with soccer success. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 199-219.
46. Holt, N. L., and Sparkes, A. C. (2001). An ethnographic study of cohesiveness on a college soccer team over a season. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 237-259.
47. Holt, N. L., and Strean, W. B. (2001). Reflecting on the initial intake meeting in sport psychology: A self-narrative of neophyte practice. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 188-204.
48. House, J. S., and Kahn, R. L. (1985). Measures and concepts of social support. In S. Cohen and S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 83-108). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
49. Ievleva, L., and Orlick, T. (1991). Mental links to enhanced healing: An exploratory study. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 25-40.
50. Johnston, L. H., and Carroll, D. (1998). The provision of social support to injured athletes: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 7, 267-284.
51. Johnston, L. H., and Carroll, D. (2000). Coping, social support, and injury: Changes over time and the effects of level of sports involvement. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9, 290-303.
52. Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.
53. Leff, S. S., and Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Young athletes' perceptions of parental support and pressure. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 2, 187-203.
54. Lougheed, T., and Hardy, J. (this volume). A cohesion review. In S. Hanton and S. D. Mellalieu (Eds.), Literature reviews in sport psychology. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
55. Magyar, T. M., and Feltz, D. L. (2003). The influence of dispositional and situational tendencies on adolescent girls' sport confidence sources. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 175-190.
56. Marable, M. (2000). We need new and critical study of race and ethnicity. The Chronicle of Higher Education, B4-B7.
57. Martin, J. J., and Mushett, C. A. (1996). Social support mechanisms among athletes with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 13, 74-83.
58. Matsumoto, D. (1996). Culture and psychology. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
59. Milardo, R. M. (1992). Comparative methods for delineating social networks. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 447-461.
60. Muir, D., and Slater, A. (2003). The scope and methods of developmental psychology. In A. Slater and G. Bremner (Eds.), An introduction to developmental psychology (pp. 3-33). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
61. Nadler, A. (1998). Relationship, esteem, and achievement perspectives on autonomous and dependent help seeking. In S. A. Karabenick (Ed.), Strategic help-seeking: Implementations for learning and teaching (pp. 61-93). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
62. Newcomb, M. D. (1990). Social support by many other names: Toward a unified conceptualization. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 479-494.
63. Park, J. K. (2000). Coping strategies used by Korean national athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 63-80.
64. Petrie, T. (1993). The moderating effects of social support and playing status on the life stress-injury relationship. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6, 1-16.
65. Pierce, G. R., Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., Joseph, H. J., and Henderson, C. A. (1996). Conceptualizing and assessing social support in the context of family. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, and I. G. Sarason, (Eds.), Conceptualizing and assessing social support in the context of family (pp. 3-23). New York: Plenum Press.
66. Pierce, T., Baldwin, M. W., and Lydon, J. E. (1997). A relational schema approach to social support. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, and B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 19-47). New York: Plenum Press.
67. Procidano, M. E., and Heller, K. (1983). Measure of perceived social support from friends and family: Three validation studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 1-24.
68. Procidano, M. E., and Smith, W. W. (1997). Assessing perceived social support: The importance of context. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, and B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 93-106). New York: Plenum Press.
69. Rees, T., and Hardy, L. (2000). An investigation of the social support experiences of highlevel sports performers. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 327-347.
70. Rees, T., Hardy, L., Ingledew, D. K., and Evans, L. (2000). Examination of the validity of the social support survey using confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 4, 322-330.
71. Rees, T., Ingledew, D. K., and Hardy, L. (1999). Social support dimensions and components of performance in tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 41, 421-429.
72. Richman, J. M., Hardy, C. J., Rosenfeld, L. B., and Callanan, R. A. E. (1989). Strategies for enhancing social support networks in sport: A brainstorming experience. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1, 150-159.
73. Richman, J. M., Rosenfeld, L. B., and Hardy, C. J. (1993). The Social Support Survey: A validation study of a clinical measure of the social support process. Research on Social Work Practice, 3, 288-311.
74. Robbins, J. E., and Rosenfeld, L. B. (2001). Athletes' perceptions of social support provided by their head coach, assistant coach, and athletic trainer, pre-injury and during rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 277-297.
75. Rock, J. A., and Jones, M. V. (2002). A preliminary investigation into the use of counselling skills in support rehabilitation from sport injury. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 11, 284-304.
76. Rook, K. S. (1992). Detrimental aspects of social relationships: Taking stock of an emerging literature. In H. Veiel and U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 157-169). New York: Hemisphere.
77. Rosenfeld, L. B., and Richman, J. M. (1997). Developing effective social support: Team building and the social support process. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 133-153.
78. Rosenfeld, L. B., Richman, J. M., and Hardy, C. J. (1989). Examining social support networks among athletes: Description and relationship to stress. The Sport Psychologist, 3, 23-33.
79. Ryan, R. M., and Solky, J. A. (1996). What is supportive about social support? On the psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness. In G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason, and I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of social support and the family (pp. 249-267). New York: Plenum Press.
80. Sarason, B. R., Shearin, E. N., Pierce, G. R., and Sarason, I. G. (1987). Interrelations of social support measures: Theoretical and practical implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 4, 813-832.
81. Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., and Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1, 127-139.
82. Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., and Pierce, G. R. (1990). Social support, personality, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 117-127.
83. Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., and Pierce, G. R. (1994). Social support: Global and relationship-based levels of analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 295-312.
84. Schwarzer, R., and Leppin, A. (1991). Social support and health: A theoretical and empirical overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 99-127.
85. Shumaker, S. A., and Brownell, A. (1984). Toward a theory of social support: Closing conceptual gaps. Journal of Social Issues, 40, 11-36.
86. Shumaker, S. A., and Hill, R. D. (1991). Gender differences in social support and physical health. Health Psychology. Special Issues: Gender and Health, 10, 102-111.
87. Smith, A. L. (1999). Perceptions of peer relationships and physical activity participation in early adolescence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21, 329-350.
88. Smith, J. A., and Osbourne, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51-80). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
89. Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., and Ptacek, J. T. (1990). Conjunctive moderator variables in vulnerability and resiliency research: Life stress, social support and coping skills, and adolescent sport injuries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 2, 360-370.
90. Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., Barnett, N. P., and Everett, J. J. (1993). Enhancement of coach's self-esteem through social support training for youth sport coaches. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 602-610.
91. Stein, G. L., Raedeke, T. D., and Glenn, S. D. (1999). Children's perceptions of parent sport involvement: It's not how much, but to what degree that's important. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22, 591-601.
92. Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 53-79.
93. Terry, P. C. (1984). The coaching preferences of elite athletes competing at Universiade '83. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 9, 201-208.
94. Udry, E. (1997). Coping and social support among injured athletes following surgery. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 71-90.
95. Van Yperen, N. W. (1995). Interpersonal stress, performance level, and parental support: A longitudinal study among highly skilled young soccer players. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 225-241.
96. Van Yperen, N. W. (1998). Being a sportparent: Buffering the effect of your talented child's poor performance on his or her subjective well-being. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 45-56.
97. Vaux, A. (1985). Variations in social support associated with gender, ethnicity, and age. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 89-110.
98. Vaux, A. (1992). Assessment of social support. In H. O. F. Veiel, and U. Baumann (Eds.), The meaning and measurement of social support (pp. 193-216). New York: Hemisphere.
99. Vaux, A., and Harrison, D. (1985). Support network characteristics associated with support satisfaction and perceived support. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 245-268.
100. Veiel, H. O. F., and Baumann, U. (1992). The meaning and measurement of social support. New York: Hemisphere.
101. Winemiller, D. R., Mitchell, M. E., Sutcliff, J., and Cline, D. J. (1993). Measurement strategies in social support: A descriptive view of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 638-648.
102. Weiss, M. R., and Smith, A. L. (2002). Friendship quality in youth sport: Relationship to age, gender, and motivation variables. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 420-437.
103. Weiss, M. R., and Stuntz, C. P. (2004). A little friendly competition: Peer relationships and psychosocial development in youth sport and physical activity contexts. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 165-196). Morgantown, VA: Fitness Information Technology.
104. Weiss, W. M., and Weiss, M. R. (2003). Attraction- and entrapment-based commitment among competitive female gymnasts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 229-247.
105. Widmeyer, W. N., Brawley, L. R., and Carron, A. V. (1990). The effects of group size in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 177-190.
106. Wiese-Bjornstal, D. M., Smith, A. M., and LaMott, E. E. (1995). A model of psychological response to athletic injury and rehabilitation. Athletic Training, 1, 17-30.
107. Williams, J. M., and Andersen, M. B. (1998). Psychosocial antecedents of sport injury: Review and critique of the stress and injury model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10, 5-25.
108. Wolfenden, L. E., and Holt, N. L. (2005). Talent development in elite junior tennis: Perceptions of players, parents, and coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 1-19.
109. Woolger, C., and Power, T. G. (2000). Parenting and children's intrinsic motivation in age group swimming. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21, 595-607.