Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: Conservation implications

Biodiversity and Conservation

Volumn 17, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 2037-2049

  Da Nóbrega Alves, Rômulo Romeu ^a   Da Silva Vieira, Washington Luiz ^b   Santana, Gindomar Gomes ^b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF PARAÍBA   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARAÍBA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Ethnozoology; Reptiles; Traditional medicines; Wildlife conservation; Zootherapy

Indexed keywords

ENDANGERED SPECIES; NATURE CONSERVATION; REPTILE; SPECIES CONSERVATION; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE;

REPTILIA;

EID: 46649088166     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: 15729710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10531-007-9305-0     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Adeola MO (1992) Importance of wild Animals and their parts in the culture, religious festivals, and traditional medicine of Nigeria. Environ Conserv 19(2):125-134
2. Alakbarli F (2006) Medical manuscripts of Azerbaijan. Heydar Aliyev Foundation, Baku
3. Almeida AV (2005) Prescrições zooterápicas indígenas brasileiras nas obras de Guilherme Piso (1611-1679). In: Alves AGC, Lucena RFP, Albuquerque UP (eds) Atualidades em Etnobiologia e Etnoecologia. Sociedade Brasileira de Etnobiologia e Etnoecologia, Nuppea, pp 47-60
4. Almeida CFCBR, Albuquerque UP (2002) Uso de plantas e animais medicinais no Estado de Pernambuco (Nordeste do Brasil): Um estudo de caso. Interciencia 27(6):276-284
5. Alves RRN (2006) Use of marine turtles in zootherapy in northeastern Brazil. Mar Turtle Newsl 112:16-17
6. Alves RRN, Pereira-Filho GA (2007) Commercialization and use of snakes on north and northeastern Brazil: implications for conservation and management. Biodivers Conserv 16:969-985
7. Alves RRN, Rosa IL (2005) Why study the use of animal products in traditional medicines? J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 1:1-5
8. Alves RRN, Rosa IL (2006) From cnidarians to mammals: the use of animals as remedies in fishing communities in NE Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 107:259-276
9. Alves RRN, Rosa IL (2007a) Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet? J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 3(14):1-9
10. Alves RRN, Rosa IL (2007b) Zootherapeutic practices among fishing communities in north and northeast Brazil: a comparison. J Ethnopharmacol 111(1):82-103
11. Alves RRN, Rosa IL (2007c) Zootherapy goes to town: the use of animal-based remedies in urban areas of NE and N Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 113:541-555
12. Alves RRN, Rosa IL, Santana GG (2007a) The role of animal-derived remedies as complementary medicine in Brazil. BioScience 57(11):1-7
13. Alves RRN, Pereira-Filho GA, Lima YCC (2007b) Snakes used in ethnomedicine in northeast Brazil. Environ dev Sustain 9:455-464
14. Anageletti LR, Agrimi U, Curia C et al (1992) Healing rituals and sacred serpents. Lancet 340:223-225
15. Andrade JN, Costa-Neto EM (2005) Primeiro registro da utilização medicinal de recursos pesqueiros na cidade de São Félix, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Acta Scientiarium Biol Sci 27(2):177-183
16. Anon (1983) Arizona hinshuwii septicemia associated with rattlesnake powder, California. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 32:464-465
17. Anyinam C (1995) Ecology and ethnomedicine: exploring links between current environmental crisis and indigenous medical practices. Soc Sci & Med 40:321-329
18. Apaza L, Godoy R, Wilkie D et al (2003) Markets and the use of wild animals for traditional medicine: a case study among the Tsimane' Amerindians of the Bolivian rain forest. J Ethnobiol 23:47-64
19. Barzyk JE (2007) Turtles in crisis: the Asian food markets. http://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/asia.html. Cited 5 Sep 2007
20. Begossi A (1992) Food taboos at Búzios Island (SE Brazil): their significance and relation to folk medicine. J Ethnobiol 12(1):117-139
21. Begossi A, Braga FMS (1992) Food taboos and folk medicine among fishermen from the Tocantins river. Amazoniana 12(1):101-118
22. Begossi A, Silvano RAM, Amaral BD et al (1999) Uses of fish and game by inhabitants of an extractive reserve (Upper Juruá, Acre, Brazil). Environ Dev Sustain 1:73-93
23. Bell WR Jr (1997) Defibrinogenating enzymes. Drugs 54:30-31
24. Bisset NG (1991) One man's poison, another man's medicine? J Ethnopharmacol 32:71-81
25. Boltanski L (1977) As classes sociais e o corpo. Graal, Rio de Janeiro
26. Branch L, Silva MF (1983) Folk medicine in Alter do Chão, Pará, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 13(5-6):737-797
27. Brazil V (1934) Do emprego da peçonha em terapêutica. Biologia Medica 1:7-21
28. Celso R (1992) Criação de condições e incentivos para a conservação local de biodiversidade. In: Speth JC, Holdgate MW, Tolba MK (eds) A estratégia global da biodiversidade. Diretrizes de ação para estudar, salvar e usar de maneira sustentável e justa a riqueza biótica da Terra. Rio de Janeiro, WRI/UICN/PNUMA, pp. 92-93
29. Chen T-H, Lin H-C, Chang H-C (2000) Current status and utilization of chelonians in Taiwan. In: Van Dijk PP, Stuart BL, Rhodin AGJ (eds) Asian turtle trade: proceedings of a workshop on conservation and trade of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Asia, vol 2. Chelonian Research Monographs Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, USA, pp 45-51
30. Chen T, Kwok H, Ivanyi C, Shaw C (2006) Isolation and cloning of exendin precursor cDNAs from single samples of venom from the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). Toxicon 47:288-295
31. China National Corporation of Traditional, Herbal Medicine (1995) Materia medica commonly used in China. Science Press, Beijing
32. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (2002) List of species traded for medicinal purposes. Eighteenth meeting of the animals committee. San José (Costa Rica). Eighteenth meeting of the animals committee, San José, Costa Rica
33. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (2007). CITES species database. http://www.cites.org/eng/ resources/species.html
34. Compton J, Le QH (1998) Borderline: an assessment of wildlife trade in Vietnam. WWF Indochina Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam
35. Costa-Neto EM (1996) Faunistic resources used as medicines by an afro-brazilian community from Chapada Diamantina National Park, State of Bahia, Brazil. Sitientibus 15:211-219
36. Costa-Neto EM (1999a) Healing with animals in Feira de Santana city, Bahia, Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 65:225-230
37. Costa-Neto EM (1999b) Barata é um santo remédio: introdução a zooterapia popular no Estado da Bahia. Editora Universitária da UEFS, Feira de Santana
38. Costa-Neto EM (1999c) Recursos animais utilizados na medicina tradicional dos índios Pankararés, que habitam no Nordeste do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Actualidades Biologicas 21:69-79
39. Costa-Neto EM (1999d) Traditional use and sale of animals as medicines in Feira de Santana city, Bahia, Brazil. Indigenous Knowl Dev Monit 7:6-9
40. Costa-Neto EM (2000a) Conhecimento e usos tradicionais de recursos faunísticos por uma comunidade Afro-Brasileira. Resultados Preliminares. Interciencia 25(9):423-431
41. Costa-Neto EM (2000b) Zootherapy based medicinal traditions in Brazil. Honeybee 11(2):2-4
42. Costa-Neto EM (2000c) Introdução a etnoentomologia: considerações metodológicas e estudo de casos. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana
43. Costa-Neto EM (2001) A cultura pesqueira do litoral Norte da Bahia. EDUFBA; EDUFAL, Bahia
44. Costa-Neto EM (2005) Animal-based medicines: biological prospection and the sustainable use of zootherapeutic resources. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 77(1):33-43
45. Costa-Neto EM, Pacheco JM (2005) Utilização medicinal de insetos no povoado de Pedra Branca, Santa Terezinha, Bahia, Brasil. Biotemas 18(1):113-133
46. De Smet PAGM (1991) Is there any danger in using traditional remedies? J Ethnopharmacol 32:43-50
47. Dharmananda S (2007a) The medicinal use of snakes in China. http://www.itmonline.org/arts/snakes.htm. Cited 6 May 2007
48. Dharmananda S (2007b) Endangered species issues affecting turtles and tortoises used in Chinese medicine. http://www.itmonline.org/arts/turtles.htm. Cited 7 May 2007
49. Donadio OE, Gallardo JM (1984) Biologia y conservación de las especies del género Tupinambis (Squamata, Sauria, Teiidae) em la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" Zoologia 13:117-127
50. El-Din SB (2007) Testudo Kleinmanni in Libya. http://www.tortoisetrust. org/articles/libya.htm. Cited 4 Sep 2007
51. El-Kamali HH (2000) Folk medicinal use of some animal products in Central Sudan. J Ethnopharmacol 72(1-2):279-282
52. Fainstein V, Yancey R, Trier P et al (1982) Overwheimxng infection in a cancer patient caused by Ari:ona hinshawii; its relation to snake pill ingestion. Am J Infect Control 10:147-153
53. Fleischman S, Haake DA, Lovett MA (1989) Salmonella arizona infections associated with ingestion of rattlesnake capsules. Arch Intern Med 149:701-705
54. Figueiredo N (1994) Os 'bichos' que curam: os animais e a medicina de 'folk' em Belém do Pará. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Göeldi 10(1):75-91
55. Fitzgerald LA, Painter CW, Reuter A et al (2004) Collection, trade, and regulation of reptiles and amphibians of the Chihuahuan desert ecoregion. TRAFFIC North America. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC
56. Franke MS, Telecky TM (2001). Reptiles as pets: an examination of the trade in live reptiles in the United States. The Humane Society of the United States
57. Freire FC (1996) Répteis utilizados na medicina popular no Estado de Alagoas. UFAL, Maceió
58. Fretey J, Segniagbeto GH, Soumah M (2007) Presence of sea turtles in traditional pharmacopoeia and beliefs of West Africa. Mar Turtle Newsl 116:23-25
59. Gesler WM (1992) Therapeutic landscapes: medical issues in light of the new cultural geography. Soc Sci & Med 34(7):735-746
60. Gibbons JW, Scott DE, Ryan TJ et al (2000) The global decline of reptiles, déjà vu amphibians. BioScience 50:653-666
61. Giorgi R, Bernardi MM, Cury Y (1993) Analgesic effect evoked by low molecular weight substances extracted from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Toxicon 31(10):1257-1265
62. Good C (1980) Ethno-medical systems in Africa and the LDCs: key issues in medical geography. In: Meade MS (ed) Conceptual and methodological issues in medical geography. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Studies in Geography, pp 93-116
63. He H, Peng X (1999) Tentative survey on snake market in Guangzhou. Sichuan J Zool 18(3):139-141
64. Hendrie DB (2000) Status and conservation of tortoises and freshwater turtles in Vietnam. In: Van Dijk PP, Stuart BL, Rhodin AGJ (eds) Asian turtle trade: proceedings of a workshop on conservation and trade of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Asia, vol 2. Chelonian Research Monographs Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, USA, pp 63-73
65. Highfield AC, Bayley JR (2007) Folklore, myth, and exploitation of snakes in Morocco and Tunisia. http://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/exploit.html. Cited 5 Sep 2007
66. Highfield AC, Slimani T (2007) The spiny-tailed lizard at home-Uromastyx acanthinurus in southern Morocco. http://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/ uromastyx.html Cited 5 Sep 2007
67. Indian Traditional Medicinal Knowledgebase (2007) http://www.ncbi.org.in/ traditionalmedicine/index.jsp. Cited 4 Sep 2007
68. International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) (2007) What's hiding inside your traditional medicine? http://www.ifaw.org/ifaw/dfiles/file_744.pdf. Cited 4 Sep 2007
69. Ita EO (1994) Aquatic plants and wetland wildlife resources of Nigeria. CIFA Occasional Paper, 21. FAO, Rome, p 52
70. IUCN-The World Conservation Union (2000) Approaches to the conservation of species used in traditional medicines. Newsl Species Surv Comm 33:36-38
71. IUCN-The World Conservation Union (2007) IUCN red list of threatened species. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Cited 1 Sep 2007
72. Ives IE (2006) Conservation of sulawesis two endemic chelonians, leucocephalon yuwonoi and indotestudo forstenii; an investigation into in-situ and ex-situ conservation concerns. Dissertation, Antioch University, New England
73. Jenkins MD (1995) Tortoises and freshwater turtles: the trade in southeast Asia. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge (UK)
74. Kakati LN, Doulo V (2002) Indigenous knowledge system of zootherapeutic use by chakhesang tribe of Nagaland, India. J Hum Ecol 13(6):419-423
75. Kakati LN, Bendang A, Doulo V (2006) Indigenous knowledge of zootherapeutic use of vertebrate origin by the Ao tribe of Nagaland. J Hum Ecol 19(3):163-167
76. Klemens MW, Thorbjarnarson JB (1995) Reptiles as a food resource. Biodiver Conserv 4:281-298
77. Le DD, Broad S (1995) Investigations into tortoise and freshwater turtle trade in Vietnam. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
78. Lee S, Hoover C, Gaski A, Mills J (1998) A world apart? Attitudes toward traditional Chinese medicine and endangered species in Hong Kong and the United States. TRAFFIC East Asia. TRAFFIC North America, WWF, US
79. Lehr E (1997) Untersuchungen zum Schildkrötenhandel in Vietnam zwischen 1993 und 1996. Zoologische Gesellschaft für Arten und Populationsschutz 13(2):12-19
80. Lev E (2003) Traditional healing with animals (zootherapy): medieval to present-day Levantine practice. J Ethnopharmacol 86:107-118
81. Li W, Wang H (1999) Wildlife trade in Yunnan Province, China, at the border with Vietnam. TRAFFIC Bull 18(1):21-30
82. Luoga EJ, Witkowski ETF, Balkwill K (2000) Differential utilization and ethnobotany of trees in Kitulanghalo forest reserve and surrounding communal lands, eastern Tanzania. Econ Bot 54:328-343
83. Mahawar MM, Jaroli DP (2006) Animals and their products utilized as medicines by the inhabitants surrounding the Ranthambhore National Park, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2(46):1-5
84. Marques JGW (1995) Pescando pescadores: Etnoecologia abrangente no baixo São Francisco Alagoano. NUPAUB/USP, São Paulo
85. Martin EB (1992) Observations on wildlife trade in Vietnam. TRAFFIC Bull 13(2):61-67
86. McIntyre KE Jr, Malone JM, Richards E, Axline SG (1982) Mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm with aortoenteric listula caused by Ari:onu hinshawii. Surgery 91:173-177
87. Nash SV (1997) Fin, feather, scale and skin: observations on the wildlife trade in Lao PDR and Vietnam. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Malaysia
88. Nazarea V, Rodhes R, Bontoyan E, Gabriela F (1998) Defining indicators which make sense to local: intra-cultural variation in perceptions of natural resources. Hum Organ 57:159-170
89. Negi CS, Palyal VS (2007) Traditional uses of animal and animal products in medicine and rituals by the Shoka tribes of District Pithoragarh, Uttaranchal, India. Ethno-Med 1(1):47-54
90. Ngokwey N (1995) Home remedies and doctors' remedies in Feira (Brazil). Soc Sci Med 40:1141-1153
91. Pieroni A, Giusti ME, Grazzini A (2002) Animal remedies in the folk medicinal practices of the Lucca and Pistoia Provinces, Central Italy. In: Fleurentin J, Pelt JM, Mazars G (eds) Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur/from the sources of knowledge to the medicines of the future, proceedings of the fourth European colloquium of ethnopharmacology. IRD Editions, Paris, France, pp 371-375
92. Riley KB, Antomskis D, Maris R et al (1988) Rattlesnake capsule-associated Salmonella arizona infections. Arch Intern Med 148:1207-1210
93. Rubio M (1998) Rattlesnake. Portrait of a predator. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, DC
94. Seixas C, Begossi A (2001) Ethnozoology of caiçaras from Aventureiro, Ilha Grande. J Ethnobiol 21(1):107-135
95. SEMARNAP-PROFEPA (1998) Memorias del Curso Taller de Identificació n de Productos y Subproductos de Fauna Silvestre de México. Diaproy. CREDES. Mazatlán, Sinaloa, (4-8 de agosto)
96. Silva MLV, Alves AGC, Almeida AV (2004) A zooterapia no Recife (Pernambuco): uma articulação entre as práticas e a história. Biotemas 17(1):95-116
97. Smart R, Whiting MJ, Twine W (2005) Lizards and landscapes: integrating field surveys and interviews to assess the impact of human disturbance on lizard assemblages and selected reptiles in a savanna in South Africa. Biol Conserv 122(1):23-31
98. Sodeinde OA, Soewu DA (1999) Pilot study of the traditional medicine trade in Nigeria. TRAFFIC Bull 18(1):35-40
99. Sofowora A (1993) Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, 2nd edn. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan
100. Still J (2003) Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. Complement Ther Med 11:118-122
101. Stuart BL (2004) The harvest and trade of reptiles at U Minh Thuong National Park, southern Vietnam. TRAFFIC Bull 20(1):25-34
102. Tabuti JRS, Lye KA, Dhillion SS (2003) Traditional medicine in Bulamogi county, Uganda: its practitioners, users and viability. J Ethnopharmacol 85:119-129
103. Turtle Conservation Fund (2002) A global action plan for conservation of tortoises and freshwater turtles. Strategy and funding prospectus 2002-2007. Conservation International and Chelonian Research Foundation, Washington, DC
104. Van Dijk PP, Stuart BL, Rhodin A (eds) (2000) Asian turtle trade. Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, Massachusetts
105. Vázquez PE, Méndez RM, Guiascón OGR et al (2006) Uso medicinal de la fauna silvestre en los Altos de Chiapas, México. Interciencia 31(7):491-499
106. Von Martius CFP (1939) Natureza, doenças, medicina e remédios dos índios brasileiros (1844). Companhia Editora Nacional, São Paulo
107. Walston N (2005) An overview of the use of Cambodia's wild plants and animals in traditional medicine systems. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Indochina
108. Warkentin TE (1998) Limitations of conventional treatment options for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Hematol 35:17-25
109. World Health Organization (2002) WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005. World Health Organization, Geneva
110. Zheng H, Zhang Q (2000) Medicinal using status and conservation strategy of snakes in China. In: Zhang E, Zheng H (eds) Conservation of endangered wild medicinal fauna and flora resources in China. The Second Military Medical University Press, Shanghai, pp 96-101
111. Zhou Z, Jiang Z (2004) International trade status and crisis for snake species in China. Conserv Biol 18:1386-1394
112. Ziegler T (2002) Die Amphibien und Reptilien eines Tieflandfeuchtwald- Schutzgebietes in Vietnam. Natur & Tier, Verlag, Münster, Germany, 342p