Very-high-energy gamma rays from a distant quasar: How transparent is the universe?

Science

Volumn 320, Issue 5884, 2008, Pages 1752-1754

  Albert, J ^a   Aliu, E ^a   Anderhub, H ^c   Antonelli, L A ^d   Antoranz, P ^e   Backes, M ^f   Baixeras, C ^g   Barrio, J A ^e   Bartko, H ^h   Bastieri, D ⁱ   Becker, J K ^f   Bednarek, W ^j   Berger, K ^a   Bernardini, E ^k   Bigongiari, C ⁱ   Biland, A ^c   Bock, R K ^h,i   Bonnoli, G ^l   Bordas, P ^m   Bosch Ramon, V ^m   Bretz, T ^a   Britvitch, I ^c   Camara, M ^e   Carmona, E ^h   Chilingarian, A ⁿ   Commichau, S ^c   Contreras, J L ^e   Cortina, J ^b   Costado, M T ^o,p   Covino, S ^d   Curtef, V ^f   Dazzi, F ⁱ   De Angelis, A ^q   De Cea Del Pozo, E ^r   De Los Reyes, R ^e   De Lotto, B ^q   De Maria, M ^q   De Sabata, F ^q   Delgado Mendez, C ^o   Dominguez, A ^s   Dorner, D ^a   Doro, M ⁱ   Errando, M ^b   Fagiolini, M ^l   Ferenc, D ^t   Fernandez E ^b   Firpo, R ^b   Fonseca, M V ^e   Font, L ^g   Galante, N ^h   Garcia Lopez R J ^o,p   Garczarczyk, M ^h   Gaug, M ^o   Goebel, F ^h   Hayashida, M ^h   Herrero, A ^o,p   Hohne D ^a   Hose, J ^h   Hsu, C C ^h   Huber, S ^a   Jogler, T ^h   Kneiske, T M ^f   Kranich, D ^c   La Barbera, A ^d   Laille, A ^t   Leonardo, E ^l   Lindfors, E ^u   Lombardi, S ⁱ   Longo, F ^q   Lopez M ⁱ   Lorenz, E ^c,h   Majumdar, P ^h   Maneva, G ^v   Mankuzhiyil, N ^q   Mannheim, K ^a   Maraschi, L ^d   Mariotti, M ⁱ   Martinez M ^b   Mazin, D ^b   Meucci, M ^l   Meyer, M ^a   Miranda, J M ^e   Mirzoyan, R ^h   Mizobuchi, S ^h   Moles, M ^s   Moralejo, A ^b   Nieto, D ^e   Nilsson, K ^u   Ninkovic, J ^h   Otte, N ^h,w,aa   Oya, I ^e   Panniello, M ^o   Paoletti, R ^l   Paredes, J M ^m   Pasanen, M ^u   Pascoli, D ⁱ   Pauss, F ^c   Pegna, R G ^l   Perez Torres, M A ^s   Persic, M ^q,x   Peruzzo, L ⁱ   Piccioli, A ^l   Prada, F ^s   Prandini, E ⁱ   Puchades, N ^b   Raymers, A ⁿ   Rhode, W ^f   Ribo M ^m   Rico, J ^b,y   Rissi, M ^c   Robert, A ^g   Rugamer S ^a   Saggion, A ⁱ   Saito, T Y ^h   Salvati, M ^d   Sanchez Conde, M ^s   Sartori, P ⁱ   Satalecka, K ^k   Scalzotto, V ⁱ   Scapin, V ^q   Schmitt, R ^a   Schweizer, T ^h   Shayduk, M ^h,w   Shinozaki, K ^h   Shore, S N ^z   Sidro, N ^b   Sierpowska Bartosik, A ^r   Sillanpaa A ^u   Sobczynska, D ^j   Spanier, F ^a   Stamerra, A ^l   Stark, L S ^c   Takalo, L ^u   Tavecchio, F ^d   Temnikov, P ^v   Tescaro, D ^b   Teshima, M ^h   Tluczykont, M ^k   Torres, D F ^r,y   Turini, N ^l   Vankov, H ^v   Venturini, A ⁱ   Vitale, V ^q   Wagner, R M ^h   Wittek, W ^h   Zabalza, V ^m   Zandanel, F ^s   Zanin, R ^b   Zapatero, J ^g   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^b BARCELONA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Spain)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^d INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTROFISICO DI TORINO   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^f TU DORTMUND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^g UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^h MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR PHYSIK   (Germany)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^j UNIVERSITY OF LODZ   (Poland)

^k DESY   (Germany)

^l UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

^m UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

ⁿ YEREVAN PHYSICS INSTITUTE   (Armenia)

^o INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS   (Spain)

^p Universidad Tenerife   (Spain)

^q UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

^r INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DE L ESPAI CSIC IEEC   (Spain)

^s INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE ANDALUCÍA CSIC   (Spain)

^t UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^u UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^v INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND NUCLEAR ENERGY   (Bulgaria)

^w HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^x SEZIONE DI TRIESTE   (Italy)

^y INSTITUCIÓ CATALANA DE RECERCA I ESTUDIS AVANÇATS ICREA   (Spain)

^z UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^aa UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY; GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETRY; LIGHT; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; RADIATION BALANCE;

ARTICLE; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; GAMMA RADIATION; GAMMA SPECTROMETRY; LIGHT; LOW ENERGY RADIATION; PHOTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY;

EID: 46449098817     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1157087     Document Type: Article

References (21)

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21. We thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma, Canary Islands. The support of the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Max-Planck Gesellschaft, the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), and the Spanish Centro de Investigaciòn Cientifica y Technologica is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by ETH (research grant TH 34/043) and the Polish MNil (grant 1P03D01028).