The public health implications of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 275-291

  Ross, Gilbert ^a  

^a American Council on Science and Health   (United States)

Author keywords

"Endocrine disrupters"; Fish; NHATS.; Organochlorines; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Yu Cheng; Yusho

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGEN; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; HEALTH IMPACT; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; ORGANOCHLORINE; PCB; POLLUTION EXPOSURE;

ASIA; CONTAMINATION; DETERIORATION; ENVIRONMENT; EYE IRRITATION; HEALTH HAZARD; INTOXICATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SKIN IRRITATION; TOXICITY; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; COGNITION DISORDERS; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; EYE DISEASES; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; FISHES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC POLICY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN DISEASES;

ASIA; EURASIA;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 4644371537     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.003     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. D.A. Abramowicz Aerobic PCB biodegradation and anaerobic PCB dechlorination in the environment Res. Microbiol. 145 1 1994 42
2. Agarwal, N., 1994. Final report: costs of compliance with the proposed amendments to the PCB Regulation. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Regulatory Impacts Branch.
3. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2000. Toxicological Profile For Polychlorinated Biphenyls. US Department of Health and Human Services.
4. C.H. Aldercreutz, B.R. Goldin, and S.L. Gorbach Soybean phytoestrogen intake and cancer risk J. Nutr. 125 Suppl. 3 1995 757S
5. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1996. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents.
6. Anonymous, 1997. PCBs in sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. News 97, 29.
7. E. Atlas, and C.S. Giam Global transport of organic pollutants ambient concentrations in remote marine atmosphere Science 211 1981 163
8. C.E. Bacon, W.M. Jarman, and D.P. Costa Organochlorine and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in pinniped milk from the Arctic, the Antarctic, California, and Australia Chemosphere 24 1992 779
9. K. Ballschmitter Global distribution of organic compounds Environ. Carcinogen Rev. 9 1991 1
10. Bedard, D.L., 2001. Microbial dechlorination of PCBs in aquatic sediments. In: Robertson, L.W., Hanson, L.G. (Eds.), PCBs. The University Press of Kentucky, Kentucky.
11. P.A. Bertazzi, L. Riboldi, and A. Pesatori Cancer mortality of capacitor manufacturing workers Am. J. Ind. Med. 11 1987 165
12. V. Brenner, J.J. Arsendorf, and D.D. Focht Genetic construction of PCB degraders Biodegradation 5 3-4 1994 289
13. D.P. Brown Mortality of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls - an update Arch. Environ. Health 42 1987 333 339
14. J.R. Brown Jr., D.L. Bedard, M.J. Brennan, and J.C. Carnahan Polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in aquatic sediments Science 236 1987 709 712
15. G.M. Buck, L.E. Sever, P. Mendola, M. Zielezny, and J.E. Vena Consumption of contaminated sport fish from Lake Ontario and time-to-pregnancy Am. J. Epidemiol. 146 1997 949 954
16. G.M. Buck, P. Mendola, J.E. Vena, and L.E. Sever Paternal Lake Ontario fish consumption and risk of conception delay, New York State Angler Cohort Environ. Res. 80 1999 S13 S18
17. CDC, 2003. Second national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
18. T. Colburn, D. Dumanoski, and J.P. Myers Our Stolen Future 1996 Penguin Group New York
19. D. Crews, J.M. Bergeron, and J.J. Bull Temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles proximate mechanisms, ultimate outcomes, and practical applications Dev. Genet. 15 3 1994 297
20. F.H. Davidorf, and J.A. Knupp Epidemiology of ocular melanoma: incidence and geographic relationship in Ohio (1967-1977) Ohio State Med. J. 75 1979 561
21. Erickson, M.D., 2001. Introduction: PCB properties, uses, occurrence, and regulatory history. In: Robertson, Hanson (Eds.), PCBs. The University Press of Kentucky, Kentucky.
22. Fed. Reg., 1982a. 47, 437342, August 25.
23. Fed. Reg., 1982b. 47, 46980, October 21.
24. Fed. Reg., 1985. 50, 29170, July 17.
25. G.G. Fein, J.L. Jacobson, and S.W. Jacobson Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls effects on birth size and gestation age J. Pediatr. 105 1984 315
26. R.J. Fensterheim Documenting temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 18 1993 181 201
27. W.G. Foster The reproductive toxicology of Great Lakes contaminants Environ. Health Perspect. 103 Suppl. 9 1995 63
28. K. Furukawa Molecular genetics and evolutionary relationship of PCB-degrading bacteria Biodegradation 5 3-4 1994 289
29. B.C. Gladen, and W.J. Rogan Effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene on later development J. Pediatr. 119 1991 58
30. Guo, Y.L., Lambert, G.H., Hsu, C.-C., 1995. Growth abnormalities in the population exposed in utero and early postnatally to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans.
31. P. Gustavsson, C. Hogstedt, and C. Rappe Short-term mortality and cancer incidence in capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls Am. J. Ind. Med. 10 1986 341
32. Health Canada, 1997. State of knowledge report on environmental contaminants and human health in the Great Lakes Basin.
33. S.-F. Hsieh, Y.-Y. Yen, S.-J. Lan, and C.-C. Hsieh A cohort study on mortality and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls Arch. Environ. Health 51 1996 417 424
34. Hsu, S.-T., Ma, C.-I., Hsu, S.K.-H., Wu, S.-S., et al., 1985. Environ. Health Perspect. 59, 5-10. As cited in Kuratsune et al. (1972).
35. H.E.B. Humphrey Evaluation of humans exposed to halogenated biphenyls Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Environ. Chem. Reprints 20 1980 272
36. Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network, 2003. Available at: www.smc.ec.gc.ca/iadn.
37. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Suppl. 7: Update of IARC Monographs vols. 1-42. World Health Organization, Lyons.
38. International Joint Commission, 1996. Workshop on Environmental Results: Monitoring and Trends of Effects Caused by Persistent Toxic Substances, Windsor, Canada.
39. N. Ito, and H. Nagasaki Histopathologic studies on liver tumorigenesis induced in mice by technical polychlorinated biphenyls and its promoting effect on liver tumors induced by benzene hexachloride J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51 1973 1637 1646
40. J.L. Jacobson, and S.W. Jacobson Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero N. Engl. J. Med. 335 1996 783
41. J. Jacobson, S. Jacobson, G. Fein, P. Schwartz, and J. Dowles Prenatal test of an environmental toxin a test of the multiple effects model Dev. Psychol. 20 1984 523 532
42. J.L. Jacobson, S.W. Jacobson, and H.E.B. Humphrey Effects of in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and related contaminants on cognitive functioning in young children J. Pediatr. 116 1990 38
43. J.L. Jacobson, S.W. Jacobson, and H.E.B. Humphrey Effects of exposure to PCBs and related compounds on growth and activity in children Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12 1990 319
44. R.C. James, H. Busch, C.H. Tamburro, and S.M. Roberts Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and human disease JOEM 35 1993 136 148
45. S. Jensen Report of a new chemical hazard New Sci. 32 1966 612
46. S. Jensen The PCB story Amnio 1 1972 45
47. D.R. Juberg Review with conclusions an evaluation of endocrine modulators: implications for human health Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 45 2000 93 105
48. D.W. Keuhl, C. Haebler, and C. Potter Coplanar PCBs and metal residues in dolphins from the US Atlantic coast including Atlantic bottlenose obtained during the 1987/88 mass mortality Chemosphere 28 1994 1245
49. R.D. Kimbrough, R.A. Squire, R.E. Linder, J.D. Strandberg, R.J. Montali, and V.W. Burse Induction of liver tumors in Sherman strain female rats by polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1260 J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55 1975 1453 1459
50. R.D. Kimbrough, M.L. Doemland, and M.E. LeVois Mortality in male and female capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls JOEM 41 1999 161 171
51. R.D. Kimbrough, M.L. Doemland, and C.A. Krouskas Analysis of research studying the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and related chemicals on neurobehavioral development in children Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 43 2001 220 228
52. R.D. Kimbrough, M.L. Doemland, and J.S. Mandel A mortality update of male and female capacitor workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls JOEM 45 3 2003 271 282
53. Korrick, S.A., 2001. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurodevelopment in general population samples. In: Robertson, Hanson (Eds.), PCBs. The University Press of Kentucky,.
54. K. Kreiss, M.M. Zack, R.D. Kimbrough, and L.L. Needham Association of blood pressure and polychlorinated biphenyl levels J. Am. Med. Assoc. 245 1981 2505 2509
55. N. Kunita, T. Kashimoto, H. Miyata, and S. Fukushima Causal agents of Yusho Am. J. Ind. Med. 5 1984 45
56. Kuntz, K.W., El-Shaarawi, A.H., Williams, D.J., 1999. Trends in contaminants in the Niagara River since 1986. Presentation at SOLEC, 99. Ecosystem Health Division, Environment Canada.
57. M. Kuratsune Yusho, with reference to Yu-Cheng R.D. Kimbrough A.A. Jensen Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins, and Related Products 1989 Elsevier Amsterdam
58. M. Kuratsune, T. Yoshimura, J. Matsuzaka, and A. Yamaguchi Epidemiologic study on Yusho, a poisoning caused by ingestion of rice oil contaminated with a commercial brand of polychlorinated biphenyls Environ. Health Perspect. 1 1972 119
59. F. Laden, G. Collman, and K. Iwamoto 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloro- phenyl)ethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer combined analysis of five US studies JNCI 93 2001 768 776
60. R.E. Lawton, M.R. Ross, J. Feingold, and J.F. Brown Effects of PCB exposure on biochemical and hematological findings in capacitor workers Environ. Health Perspect. 60 1985 165 184
61. Longnecker, M.P., 2001. Endocrine and other human health effects of environmental and dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In: Robertson, Hanson (Eds.), PCBs. The University Press of Kentucky,.
62. M.P. Longnecker, and M.S. Wolff Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl levels across studies of human neurodevelopment Environ. Health Perspect. 111 2003 65 70
63. D. Loomis, S.R. Browning, A.P. Schenck, E. Gregory, and D.A. Savitz Cancer mortality among electric utility workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls Occup. Environ. Med. 54 1997 720 728
64. B.A. Mayes, E.E. McConnell, and B.H. Neal Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260 Toxicol. Sci. 41 1 1998 62 76
65. McTague, J., 1996. D.C. Current: Carcinogen in Demand. Barrons.
66. P. Mendola, G.M. Buck, J.E. Vena, M. Zielezny, and L.E. Sever Consumption of PCB-contaminated sport fish and risk of spontaneous fetal death Environ. Health Perspect. 103 1995 498 502
67. P. Mendola, G.M. Buck, L.E. Sever, M. Zielezny, and J.E. Vena Consumption of PCB-contaminated fish and shortened menstrual cycle length Am. J. Epidemiol. 146 1997 955 960
68. Michigan Department of Public Health, 1975. Final report on FDA contract 73-2209, evaluation of changes in the level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human tissue.
69. K.B. Moysich, R.J. Menezes, J.A. Baker, and K.L. Falkner Environmental exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer risk Rev. Environ. Health. 17 2002 263 277
70. H. Nagasaki, S. Tomii, T. Mega, M. Marugami, and N. Ito Hepatocarcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls in mice GANN 63 1972 805
71. National Cancer Institute, 1978. Bioassay of Aroclor 1254 for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogen Tech. Rep. Ser. 38.
72. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 1977. Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). NIOSH publ 77-225, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Rockville, MD.
73. National Toxicology Program, 1989. Fifth annual report on carcinogens: summary 1989. NTP 89-239, USDHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, p. 239.
74. D.H. Norback, and R.H. Weltman Polychlorinated biphenyl induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Sprague-Dawley rat Environ. Health Perspect. 60 1985 97 105
75. W.J. Rogan Yu-Cheng R.D. Kimbrough A.A. Jensen Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins, and Related Products 1989 Elsevier Amsterdam
76. W.J. Rogan, B.C. Gladen, J.D. McKinney, and R.N. Carreras Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk effects on growth morbidity and duration of lactation Am. J. Public Health 77 1986 1294 1297
77. W.J. Rogan, B.C. Gladen, J.D. McKinney, and N. Carreras Congenital poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyls and their contaminants in Taiwan Science 241 1988 334
78. K.D. Rosenman Dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dibenzofurans W.N. Rom Environmental and Occupational Medicine 1992 Little Brown Boston
79. S.H. Safe Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) environmental impact biochemical and toxic responses and implications for risk assessment Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24 2 1994 87
80. S.H. Safe Environmental and dietary estrogens and human health is there a problem? Environ. Health Perspect. 103 1995 346
81. E. Schaeffer, H. Greim, and W. Goessner Pathology of chronic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) feeding in rats Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 75 1984 278 288
82. S.L. Schantz Developmental neurotoxicity of PCBs in humans what do we know and where do we go from here? Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 18 1996 217 227
83. S.L. Schantz, D.M. Gasior, E. Polverejan, and R.J. McCaffrey Impairments of memory and learning in older adults exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls via consumption of Great Lakes fish Environ. Health Perspect. 109 2001 605 611
84. J.D. Schell, R.A. Budinsky, and M.J. Wernke PCBs and neurodevelopmental effects in Michigan children an evaluation of exposure and dose characterization Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 33 2001 300 312
85. R. Seegal Are PCBs the major neurotoxicant in Great Lakes salmon? Environ. Res. A 80 1999 S38 S45
86. S.L. Shalat, L.D. True, and L.E. Fleming Kidney cancer in utility workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Br. J. Ind. Med. 46 1989 823
87. Shank, F., 1991. Statement before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, US Senate. GAO/PEMD-92-3, October 2.
88. M.F. Simcik, I. Basu, C.W. Sweet, and R.A. Hites Temperature dependence and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the Great Lakes atmosphere Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 1999 1991 1995
89. T. Sinks, G. Steele, A.B. Smith, K. Watkins, and R.A. Shults Mortality among workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls Am. J. Epidemiol. 136 1992 389 398
90. Smith, A.B., et al., 1981a. Cross sectional survey of two groups of workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the maintenance, repair, and overhaul of electrical transformers. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati; and Lipid Research Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati.
91. Smith, A.B., et al., 1981b. Draft report: cross-sectional survey of a group of workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at an electrical equipment manufacturing plant. NIOSH, Cincinnati.
92. SOLEC, 1995. State of the Great Lakes. Environment Canada/US EPA.
93. SOLEC, 1997. State of the Great Lakes. Environment Canada/US EPA.
94. S.R. Sturgeon, J.W. Brock, and N. Potischman Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and endometrial cancer risk (United States) Cancer Causes Control 9 1998 417 424
95. G.M. Swanson, H.E. Ratcliffe, and L.J. Fischer Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) a critical assessment of the evidence for adverse health effects Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 21 1995 136 150
96. Tee, P.G., Sweeney, A.M., Symanski, E., Gardiner, J.C., Gaisor, D.M., Schantz, S.L., 2003. A longitudinal examination of factors related to changes in serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels. Available at: www.ehponline.org.
97. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1987. Polychlorinated biphenyls spill cleanup policy. Fed. Reg. 52, 10,688-10,697.
98. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1988. Drinking water criteria document for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). EPA, PB89-192256.
99. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1991. National primary drinking water regulations - synthetic organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals; monitoring for unregulated contaminants; national primary drinking water regulations and implementations; national secondary drinking water regulations. 40 CFR parts 141, 142, 143. Fed. Reg. 58, 3526.
100. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1992a. 40CFR 268.45.
101. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1992b. 40CFR 279.10.
102. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2000. Final National Priorities List (NPL) sites as of July 31, 2000. USEPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. Available at: www.epa/gov/superfund/sitesquery/ queryhtm/nplfin1.htm.
103. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2003a. Available at: www.epa.gov/opptintr/pcb/effects.html.
104. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2003b. Assessment of Trends in Sediment Contamination throughout the United States. Available at: www.epa.gov.
105. M. Wasserman, D. Wasserman, S. Cucos, and H.J. Miller World PCBs map storage and effects in man and his biologic environment in the 1970s Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 320 1979 69
106. E. Weiderpass, H.O. Adami, and J.A. Baron Organochlorines and endometrial cancer risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prevent. 9 2000 487 493
107. Whelan, E., Lehr, J., 2001. Dredging up another PCB scare. Environment Climate News, February 2001.
108. M.S. Wolff, A. Fischbein, J. Thornton, C. Rice, R. Lilis, and I.J. Selikoff Body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls among persons employed in capacitor manufacturing Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 49 1982 199
109. World Health Organization, 1993. Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Environmental Health Criteria 140. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls, second ed. World Health Organization, Geneva.
110. M.-L. Yu, C.-C. Hsu, B.C. Gladen, and W.J. Rogan In utero CB/PCDF exposure relation of developmental delay to dysmorphology and dose Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 13 1991 195