Mental health courts and the lesson learned in juvenile court

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 223-227

  Grudzinskas Jr , Albert J ^a,b   Clayfield, Jonathan C ^b  

^a Department of Psychiatry in Law ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COURT; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; EDITORIAL; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; JUVENILE; MEDICAID; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; PATIENT COUNSELING;

ADOLESCENT; COMMITMENT OF MENTALLY ILL; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; CRIME; CRIMINAL LAW; DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HUMANS; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; MENTALLY ILL PERSONS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 4644367270     PISSN: 10936793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Editorial

References (32)

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13. See, e.g., Mills v. Rogers, 457 U.S. 291 (1982) (explaining that the question of involuntary psychotropic medication of committed person involves both substantive and procedural aspects, where substantive issue "involves a definition of that protected constitutional [liberty] interest [in avoiding unwanted medication], as well as identification of the conditions under which competing state interests might outweigh it. . .[t]he procedural issue concerns the minimum procedures required by the Constitution for determining that the individual's liberty interest actually is outweighed in a particular instance.") (citations omitted)
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20. See, for example: Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) (contraception); Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969) (possession of pornography); Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) (marriage)
21. See, for example: Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) (contraception); Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969) (possession of pornography); Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) (marriage)
22. See, for example: Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) (contraception); Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969) (possession of pornography); Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967) (marriage)
23. Griffin PA, Steadman HJ, Petrila J: The use of criminal charges and sanctions in mental health courts. Psychiatr Serv 53:1285-9, 2002
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25. The President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health's Interim Report to the President: Fragmentation and Gaps in Care for Adults with Serious Mental Illness. Rockville, MD: Mental Health Commission, 2002 (available at http://www. mentalhealthcommission.gov/reports/interim_toc.htm (site visited February 27, 2004))
26. From 560,000 in 1955 to 80,000 in 1999. See Kupers TA, Prison Madness: The Mental Health Crisis Behind Bars and What We Must Do About It. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1999
27. Prison populations increased fivefold from 1970 to 1999 for a total of 1.6 million persons. A 1999 Justice Department study concluded that 16.2% of state prison inmates and 16.3% of jail inmates, roughly 283,800 inmates, met criteria for being diagnosed as "mentally ill." See Paula M. Ditton, Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers p 3, Table 2, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. NCJ 174463, July 1999. For comparison's sake, a 1996 biennial statistical compilation of mental health services and delivery systems in the United States, reports that 5.4% of the population has a "serious mental illness." See Congressional Research Service, U.S. Mental Health, 1996, Rept. SMA 96-3098, U.S. G.P.O., Figure 5.1. An additional 547,800 mentally ill persons are estimated to have been on probation in 1999. See: Ditton, PM, Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers, Bureau of Justice Statistics Correctional Populations in the United States. NCJ 170013, Table 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999
28. Prison populations increased fivefold from 1970 to 1999 for a total of 1.6 million persons. A 1999 Justice Department study concluded that 16.2% of state prison inmates and 16.3% of jail inmates, roughly 283,800 inmates, met criteria for being diagnosed as "mentally ill." See Paula M. Ditton, Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers p 3, Table 2, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. NCJ 174463, July 1999. For comparison's sake, a 1996 biennial statistical compilation of mental health services and delivery systems in the United States, reports that 5.4% of the population has a "serious mental illness." See Congressional Research Service, U.S. Mental Health, 1996, Rept. SMA 96-3098, U.S. G.P.O., Figure 5.1. An additional 547,800 mentally ill persons are estimated to have been on probation in 1999. See: Ditton, PM, Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers, Bureau of Justice Statistics Correctional Populations in the United States. NCJ 170013, Table 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999
29. Prison populations increased fivefold from 1970 to 1999 for a total of 1.6 million persons. A 1999 Justice Department study concluded that 16.2% of state prison inmates and 16.3% of jail inmates, roughly 283,800 inmates, met criteria for being diagnosed as "mentally ill." See Paula M. Ditton, Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers p 3, Table 2, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. NCJ 174463, July 1999. For comparison's sake, a 1996 biennial statistical compilation of mental health services and delivery systems in the United States, reports that 5.4% of the population has a "serious mental illness." See Congressional Research Service, U.S. Mental Health, 1996, Rept. SMA 96-3098, U.S. G.P.O., Figure 5.1. An additional 547,800 mentally ill persons are estimated to have been on probation in 1999. See: Ditton, PM, Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers, Bureau of Justice Statistics Correctional Populations in the United States. NCJ 170013, Table 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999
30. Barr H: Prisons and Jails: Hospitals of Last Resort-The Need for Diversion and Discharge Planning for Incarcerated People with Mental Illness in New York. New York: Correctional Association and Urban Justice Center (available at http://www.soros.org/ crime/MIReport.htm (site visited February 27, 2004))
31. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America Final Report. DHHS Pub. No. SMA-03-3832. Rockville, MD: 2003
32. Human Rights Watch: Ill-Equipped: U.S. Prisons and Offenders with Mental Illness. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2003