Ten-year results of tree shelters on survival and growth of planted hardwoods

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 104-108

  Ponder Jr , Felix ^a  

^a LINCOLN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Artificial regeneration; Black walnut; Green ash; Northern red oak; Tree tubes

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; HARDWOODS; HARVESTING; MOISTURE; PLANTS (BOTANY); SEED; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WEED CONTROL;

CULTIVATED FIELDS; GREEN ASH; TREE SHELTERS; TREE TUBES;

FORESTRY;

BIODIVERSITY; FORESTRY; HARDWOODS; HARVESTING; PLANTING; PLANTS; WEED CONTROL;

FRAXINUS; FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA; JUGLANS; JUGLANS NIGRA; QUERCUS; QUERCUS RUBRA;

EID: 4644360326     PISSN: 07426348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/njaf/20.3.104     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. ALLISON, P.D. 1995. Survival analysis using the SAS System: A practical guide SAS Institute Inc.,. Cary, NC. 292 p.
2. HAHN, J.T. 1991. Timber resource of Missouri. USDA For. Serv., Resour. Bull. NC-119. 123 p.
3. HILT, D.E. 1977. Introduction of black walnut and northern red oak seedlings in an upland hardwood forest in southeastern Ohio. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NE-241.
4. HOYLE, M.C. 1965. Variation in foliage composition and diameter growth of yellow birch with season, soil, and tree size. Soil Sci. Am. Soc. Proc. 29:475-480.
5. JOHNSON, P.S. 1976. Eight-year performance of interplanted hardwoods in southern Wisconsin oak clearcutting. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-126. 9 p.
6. JOHNSON, P.S. 1979. Growth potential and field performance of planted oaks. P. 113-119 in Proc. 1979 John S. Wright For. Conf., Regenerating oaks in upland hardwood forests. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
7. JOHNSON, P.S., C.D. DALE, K.R. DAVIDSON, AND J.R. LAW. 1986. Planting northern red oak in the Missouri Ozarks: A prescription. North. J. Appl. For. 7:212-217.
8. KAYS, J.S. 1996. Deer protection for small forest plantations: Comparing cost of tree shelters, electric fencing and repellents. P. 5-12 in Proc. Tree Shelter Conf. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-221.
9. KRAJICEK, J.E. 1975. Planted black walnut does well on cleared forests - if competition is controlled. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NC-192.
10. LANTAGNE, D.O. 1991. Tree shelters increase heights of planted northern red oak. P. 291-298 in Proc. Eighth Central Hardw. For. Conf. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-148.
11. LANTAGNE, D.O. 1995. Effects of tree shelters on planted red oaks after six growing seasons. P. 515-520 in Proc. 10th Central Hardw. For. Conf. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-197.
12. LANTAGNE, D.O., AND R. MILLER. 1997. Tree shelters fail to enhance height growth of northern red oak in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. P. 351 in Proc. 11th Cent. Hardw. Conf. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-188.
13. MARQUIS, D.A. 1977. Devices to protect seedlings from, deer browsing. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NE-243. 7 p.
14. MINTER, W.F., R.K. MEYER, AND B.C. FISHER. 1992. Effects of treeshelters on northern red oak seedlings planted in harvested forest openings. North. J. Appl. For. 9:58-63.
15. PONDER, F., JR. 1995a. Shoot and root growth of northern red oak planted in forest openings and protected by treeshelters. North. J. Appl. For. 12:36-42.
16. PONDER, F., JR. 1995b. Tree shelter effects on stem and root biomass of planted, hardwoods. P. 19-23 in Proc. Tree Shelter Conf. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-221.
17. PONDER, F., JR. 1987. Effect of weed control on early growth and survival of planted black walnut in a forest clearcut. P. 63-68 in 6th Proc. Cent. Hard. For. Conf. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville.
18. POTTER, M.J. 1988. Tree shelters improve survival and increase early growth rates. J. For. 86:39-41.
19. SAS INSTITUTE, INC. 1985. SAS user's guide: Statistics. Version 5 ed. Cary, NC.
20. SMITH, H.C. 1993. Development of red oak seedlings using plastic shelters on good-to-excellent hardwood sites in West Virginia. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-672. 7 p.
21. VON ALTHEN, F.W. 1981. Site preparation and post-planting weed control in hardwood afforestation. Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. 0-X-325. Saulte Ste. Marie, Ont. 17 p.
22. WARD, J.S., AND G.R. STEPHENS. 1995. Protection of tree seedlings from deer browsing. P. 507-514 in 10th Cent. Hardw. For. Conf. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-197.
23. WENDEL, G.W. 1979. Growth and survival of planted northern red oak seedlings in West Virginia. South. J. Appl. For. 4:49-54.
24. WENDELL, K. 1991. Animal problems. P. 8-9 in Tree shelters for seedling protection. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Dev.Program. 2400-Timber, MTDC. Missoula, MT.