Childhood esotropia

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 444-448

  Hutcheson, Kelly A ^a  

^a CHILDREN'S NATIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Accommodative esotropia; Binocular vision (binocularity); Esotropia; Infantile esotropia; Refractive surgery; Spectacles

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A;

ACCOMMODATION PARALYSIS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; BINOCULAR VISION; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CONGENITAL STRABISMUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVERGENT STRABISMUS; HUMAN; INFANT; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTIVE SURGERY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SPECTACLES; STEREOSCOPIC VISION;

CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ESOTROPIA; HUMANS; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 4644341515     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.icu.0000135505.89223.f6     Document Type: Review

References (18)

1. Wright KW, Edelman PM, McVey JH, et al.: High-grade stereoacuity after early surgery for congenital esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1994, 112:913.
2. Ing MR: Early surgical alignment for congenital esotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1981, 79:625.
3. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN: Binocular interaction in the striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint. J Neurophysiol 1965, 28:1041-1109.
4. Birch EE, Petrig BL: FPL and VEP measurement of fusion, stereopsis, and stereoacuity in normal infants. Vision Res 1996, 36:1321-1327.
5. Wong AMF, Foeller P, Bradley D, et al.: Early versus delayed repair of infantile strabismus in macaque monkeys: I. ocular motor effects. J AAPOS 2003, 7:200. A major scientific study that shows that early reversal of neonatal ocular misalignment can prevent the development of significant binocular vision defects.
6. Birch EE, Fawcett SL, Stager DR Sr: Why does early surgical alignment improve stereoacuity outcomes in infantile esotropia? J AAPOS 2000, 4:10.
7. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group: Spontaneous resolution of early-onset esotropia: experience of the congenital esotropia observational study. Am J Ophthalmol 2002, 133:109.
8. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group: The clinical spectrum of early-onset esotropia: experience of the congenital esotropia observational study. Am J Ophthalmol 2002, 133:102.
9. Birch EE, Stager DR Sr, Berry P, Leffler J: Stereopsis and long-term stability of alignment in esotropia. J AAPOS 2004, 8:146-150. Poor early stereopsis is a predictor of poor long-term Stereopsis and ocular alignment.
10. Ing MR, Okino LM: Outcome study of stereopsis in relation to duration of misalignment in congenital esotropia. J AAPOS 2002, 6:3.
11. Norwood AM: Neonatal ocular misalignments reflect vergence development but rarely become esotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2003, 87:1146-1150.
12. Birch EE, Fawcett SL, Stager DR Sr: Risk factors for the development of accommodative esotropia following treatment for infantile esotropia. J AAPOS 2002, 6:174.
13. McNeer KW, Tucker MG, Guerry C, et al.: Incidence of stereopsis after treatment of infantile esotropia with botulinum toxin A. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003, 40:288-292.
14. Fawcett SL, Birch EE: Risk factors for abnormal binocular vision after successful alignment of accommodative esotropia. J AAPOS 2003, 7.
15. Lambert SR, Lynn M, Sramek J, et al.: Clinical features predictive of successfully weaning from spectacles those children with accommodative esotropia. J AAPOS 2003, 7:7-13. Children with lesser amounts of baseline hyperopia can be successfully weaned out of spectacles as they approach adolescence.
16. Hutcheson KA, Ellish NJ, Lambert SR: Weaning children with accommodative esotropia out of spectacles: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol 2003, 87:4-7.
17. Nucci P, Serafino M, Hutchinson AK: Photorefractive keratectomy for the treatment of purely refractive accommodative esotropia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003, 29:889. This study reports results of adult patients successfully treated for hyperopia and accommodative esotropia with PRK. Lower amounts of hyperopia were treated.
18. Hutchinson AK: Pediatric refractive surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2003, 14:267-275.